Groeben (Ludwigsfelde)
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Coarse
City of Ludwigsfelde
Coordinates: 52 ° 17 ′ 0 ″ N , 13 ° 10 ′ 0 ″ E
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| Height : | 36 m above sea level NN | |
| Area : | 6.91 km² | |
| Residents : | 316 (2014) | |
| Population density : | 46 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | December 31, 1997 | |
| Postal code : | 14974 | |
| Area code : | 03378 | |
Location of Gröben in Brandenburg |
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Gröben has been part of the city of Ludwigsfelde in the Teltow-Fläming district in Brandenburg since December 31, 1997 . The village with 312 inhabitants and an area of 6.91 km² (as of 2010) is particularly important in terms of history and cultural landscape as well as its village church and the oldest church register in the Mark Brandenburg region . The intact cultural landscape of the Nuthe-Nieplitz Nature Park right outside the gates of Berlin led to new economic goals with tourist offers after the reunification of Germany . The Gröbener Kietz is one of the few preserved originally medieval Kietze .
geography
Geographical location
Gröben is located about six kilometers southwest of Ludwigsfelde in the north of the Nuthe-Nieplitz nature park at the confluence of the Nuthe and Nieplitz rivers , each about ten kilometers from the southwestern city limits of Berlin and the Brandenburg state capital Potsdam . Neighboring villages are Schiaß , Jütchendorf and Siethen , which also belong to Ludwigsfelde, and Fahlhorst and Tremsdorf in the Nuthetal community . To the south of the village lies the Gröbener See .
Two historical maps are shown and explained in a separate map section . In addition, a current map shows the location of Gröben in the entire Fläming region, southwest of Berlin.
Natural location
Fields, orchards , wet meadows , smaller hills, flocks of sheep, water mills , and natural ash trees, together with a small-scale change of biotopes in the Nuthe-Nieplitz Nature Park, form a quiet cultural landscape into which the village of Gröben with its lake fits. Immediately behind the Kietz begins the extensive Nuthe-Nieplitz-Niederung nature reserve , which includes the Gröbener See . The Flachsee belongs to a chain of lakes with the last link Siethener See and before that Grössinsee and Schiaßer See in an easterly direction. The lakes lie across the Nuthe lowland in a former glacial drainage channel and are the remains of former meltwater lakes. The only around 1.50 m deep and nutrient-rich Lake Gröben covers around 24 hectares and is bordered by a largely inaccessible shore zone with a wide belt of reeds and quarries, isolated pine forests and species-rich wet meadows. The lake is used by Nordic wild geese and cranes to rest in spring and autumn . Ospreys have their feeding ground here and cormorants , herons and the occasional white-tailed eagle can also be seen in the meadows. Harvest mice , forest lizards , puffy titmouse and marsh harrier seek protection in the reed beds .
Flowing waters
The two rivers that gave the nature park its name flow together between the Gröbener Kietz and Jütchendorf; here the Nieplitz flows into the Nuthe, which in turn flows into the Havel in Potsdam . The upper Nuthetal formed at the middle stage of the Weichsel ice age some 20,000 years ago as Zwischenurstromtal between Berlin and the Baruth glacial valley out and shares the gently undulating Sander plateau of Zauche from Grundmoränenplateau of Teltow . Both are upstream of the headwaters of the rivers, the Fläming ridge .
Moist hollows, silt , deeply embedded and thawing bodies of dead ice from the Ice Age and the high groundwater level in the lowlands led to the swamping of large areas. The neighboring villages of Jütchendorf and Schiaß , which are now connected by a road, were impenetrably separated, for example, by the “large Nuthemoor”. The regulation of the two rivers played a decisive role in the drainage, which the first settlers began in the 13th century and which stretched over centuries. In the course of history, Nuthe and Nieplitz have often caused major floods . This “need” caused by the river may have given the river its name, because Noth is derived from the old German Nuth . The name Nieplitz probably comes from Slavic and roughly means "the non-navigable" - in contrast to the navigable Nuthe, which was up to 40 m wide around 1880.
Until the 19th century the Nuthe still flowed in the bed of today's Alte Nuthe right next to the Gröbener Kietz. Around 600 m behind the Kietz to the north, the Alte Nuthe enclosed an island on which, according to old maps such as the one opposite, was the medieval Gröben castle. After the rudimentary drainage of the first settlers in the Middle Ages, mill dams led to renewed swamping of large areas. From 1772 to 1782, on the initiative of Frederick the Great, an extensive system of inland trenches such as Pfeffergraben and Strassgraben was created, which partially brought the floodplain areas into the "usable state" requested by Friedrich. With the Königskanal named after Friedrich, for example, the considerable amounts of water from the Pfefferfließ could be directed more quickly past the Nieplitz chain of lakes and directly into the Nuthe. The Königskanal as a flood relief of the Nieplitz began shortly after Stangenhagen in front of the Blankensee and only flowed into the Nuthe north of Gröben shortly before Saarmund .
In 1713, at the instigation of the soldier king Friedrich Wilhelm I, beavers were abandoned in the Nuthe - a verdict forbade shooting or chasing beavers with a fine of 200 Thalers - and the man with no fortune was threatened with "being locked in the hive", ie on one Post to be pilloried .
Between 1883 and 1891, Nuthe and Nieplitz were cleared and straightened, and the associated significant drainage deprived the fishermen of the Kietz from their traditional livelihood. The old Nuthe and other oxbow lakes were cut off from the watercourse and silted up or are now about to silt up . The expansion and straightening of the Nuthe benefited shipping , especially the rafting from the wooded areas around Löwendorf near Trebbin developed into an important economic factor. The development of new techniques for regulating the water level with weirs led to the end of shipping and rafting. The containment and widening of the Nuthe in 1933/1934 almost completely prevented summer floods and formed today's image of the Nuthelauf with the characteristic rows of trees.
Since 1975 there has been a fundamental improvement in the Nuthe catchment area. The drainage measures included, among other things, the widening and deepening of the Königsgraben as well as the construction of further dams. After fertilizers and pesticides as well as sewage from pig breeding caused severe pollution of the water quality in the times of the GDR , the measures of nature and water protection at the beginning of the third millennium lead to a significant recovery and increase in quality, which in 2004 approached class II , indicated by a high incidence of black fly larvae .
The Nieplitz, previously also largely canalized , still forms a near-natural river course with extensive river reeds, lined with species-rich wet meadows, in its section near the mouth between Grössinsee and its mouth at the Gröbener Kietz.
history
Foundation and first mention
Thesis of the Ascanian foundation
The originally triangular cul-de-sac village Gröben was founded according to a widespread assumption in the course of the settlement policy pursued by Albrecht the Bear and his son Otto I around 1170 as a colonist village by a von Gröben family who came from the Altmark . The origin of the name Gröben is uncertain. Possibly it goes back to the Slavic Grob'n (grave, ditch, dam), in this case the wealthy von Gröben family would have taken the name of their property, the village, as was customary at the time. On the other hand, the thesis is also put forward that the family gave the village its name when it was founded around 1170. According to this thesis, the family originally took the name from their settlement Gribehne (Grobene, Grebene), three kilometers northwest of Calbe (Saale) .
The first two Brandenburg margraves tried successfully with their colonization policy , to Christianize the Mark Brandenburg , which was conquered and founded in 1157 and still largely inhabited by Slavic tribes, and to finally stabilize it after various failed German attempts in the centuries before. Another important factor in the stabilization policy was the call for the Cistercian monks , who founded the Lehnin monastery in the center of Zauche around 30 kilometers away in 1180 and who, with their hard work and missionary work, made a significant contribution to the success of Ascanian politics.
Thesis of the establishment of an independent aristocratic rule
Dr. Helmut Assing describes a different process for founding Gröben. According to this, Gröben remains a foundation of the “de Grubene” / “de Grobene” / “von Groeben” / “von Gröben” family, but the foundation did not take place during the Ascanian conquest. Assing assumes that Gröben came under Ascanian sovereignty at the earliest in 1232 and that before that, together with the villages of Siethen , Jütchendorf , Fahlhorst and Ahrensdorf, later possibly Klein Beuthen also formed a short-lived, independent aristocratic rule. However, H. Assing sets the foundation to be from / after 1190 at the earliest. The important question here is whether the “von Gröben” were ministerials or noble free . Based on the positions in the witness list of documents in the area of the Archbishopric of Magdeburg, Assing proves that it was a question of noble free people who, under the threat of loss of power and influence at the headquarters in the area of influence of the Archbishopric Magdeburg (i.e. not the Brandenburg Margrave) , left the headquarters near Calbe and established their own aristocracy on the edge of the Teltow . A few years later they were subject to the influence and pressure of the neighboring Ascanians and became part of the Ascanian march from 1232 at the earliest. In 1232 an Arnoldus de Grebene (Arnold von Gröben) appears as a witness to a certificate from Otto III. and Johanns I in the ministerial group. A clear indication of a relationship of dependency on the Ascanians. The fact that there is no known document or register for the period between 1190 and 1232 in which a “von Groeben” plays a role or appears as a witness supports the theory of an independent rule. The documentary mention from 1190 concerns Heinrich von Gröben's request to the Divine Grace Monastery near Calbe to keep a tomb free for himself and his parents in the monastery. A request that actually speaks against wanting to leave his headquarters soon, but possibly also part of the plan. The year 1170 does not seem to be tenable as Gröben's founding year, especially since there seems to be no actual evidence for this. According to this thesis, Gröben seems very likely not to be a foundation “in the course of the settlement policy pursued by Albrecht the Bear and his son Otto I”, but an independent foundation by noble freelancers from the ranks of the Archdiocese of Magdeburg, who later came under Ascanic dependence. The Gröbener Kiez as a Slavic foundation is significantly older.
First documentary mention
The first documentary mention of Gröben is for the year 1352. After the end of the 170-year Ascanian rule in the Mark Brandenburg in 1320 with the death of Heinrich the Younger , before the Hohenzollerns came in 1415 , the Wittelsbach / Luxembourgers took over rule in the Mark for a short time . Margrave Ludwig II maintained a field camp near Gröben in 1352. In a document issued there, Groeben was first mentioned in writing as "castris prope villam Groeben", as a field camp in front of Groeben. At this time the Gröben family owned the land up to the Teltow , they became one of the most important and most powerful vassals of Emperor Charles IV in the march. The land register of Emperor Charles IV of 1375 recorded the following entry:
“Coarse sunt 32 mansi, quorum plebanus habet 4 et prefectus 4. Quilibet mansus solvit pro toto 3 solidos. Cossati sunt 8, quelibet solvit 1 pullum. Taberna nichil dat. Tota villa est H. de Groben omni iure a marchione. "
“In Gröben there are 32 hooves , of which the pastor has 4 and the Lehnschulze has 4. Each [taxable] hoof pays a total of 3 shillings . There are 8 kossas , each pays 1 chicken. The jug gives nothing. The whole village is owned by H. von Gröben with all rights [as a fief ] from the margrave. "
H. von Groeben is the "noble landlord Henning von Groeben", from whom it is reported from the village of Marzahn near Berlin that he collected the taxes for the margrave around 1375. Henning von der Gröben is also mentioned as the landlord of Bystestorff, today Berlin-Biesdorf . When the family had (allegedly) lost 20 members in the Battle of Tannenberg in 1410 , they left their home country Gröben and moved their headquarters to Langheim in East Prussia. This paved the way for the centuries-long rule of the von Schlabrendorf family , who had a decisive influence on the development of Gröben and, for a time, that of the neighboring village of Siethen.
450 years of rule by the von Schlabrendorf family
Gröben, with its location at the northern tip of the triangle formed by Nuthe and Nieplitz, belongs to the so-called “Thümenschen Winkel” (see: Stangenhagen ). But unlike in Blankensee and Stangenhagen, where the von Thümen dynasty ruled the "Winkel" named after them for centuries, the von Schlabrendorf family ruled Gröben for around 450 years . Due to the preserved church book, a lot has been handed down from the Schlabrendorf era, so that the Gröben story is an example of a relatively easy to reconstruct, family-dominated and manageable village history.
In addition to the power-political vacuum that the von Gröben family left in the village, Schlabrendorf's ascent was promoted by the fact that sovereign power fell under the Wittelsbach and Luxembourg margraves and the importance of the aristocratic estates increased. The Schlabrendorfs came from Lausitz , from a village of the same name near Luckau ( Niederlausitz ). Other historical spellings are "Schlaberndorf" and "Schlaberendorf". In 1416, two years after the victory of Hans von Torgau on the "Quitzowschen" robber barons of the nearby castle Bytom , Conrad and Henning received from Schlabrendorf Gröben with the neighboring Kietz, also Siethen and small-Bytom by Ludwig II. To feud In 1550 Groeben became a knight's seat.
In the following centuries, the family provided Johann von Schlabrendorf, a bishop of Havelberg from 1501–1520, and a minister in Silesia , Ernst Wilhelm von Schlabrendorf (1719–1769) ; from her "heroes" emerged in the First Silesian War (1740–1742) and in the Seven Years' War (1756–1763).
The Schlabrendorfs were not always successful, the family lost their possessions several times. Count Leopold von Schlabrendorf bought Gröben back in 1822 for the third time in the family's history. Theodor Fontane noted on this in his hikes through the Mark Brandenburg : “So there was again a real Groeben manor, and one that had not been known in the village for a long time, or more correctly, one that had never been there. Order and custom had come with the young couple, as well as assistance in advice and action, and as far as there was in human hands to ward off misfortune and injustice, they were warded off. "
The family rule ended in 1859, when Johanna von Scharnhorst (1803–1867), née Countess von Schlabrendorf, daughter-in-law of General Gerhard von Scharnhorst , sold the last property to Karl von Jagow and only kept the Groeben manor house.
Von Jagow and von Badewitz as the new owners (1859–1936)
In the autumn of 1859, Karl von Jagow, master hunter of the Kurmark, acquired the Gröben and Siethen estates for 120,000 thalers from Johanna von Scharnhorst. The construction of farm buildings and a new distillery, the drainage of Elsbruchen and the transition to more economical forestry caused a lot of work and considerable costs for von Jagow with little income, so that he parted with his goods as early as 1879. For 180,000 thalers he sold them to the Berlin wholesaler Bathitz, in 1897 the property fell to his son, the royal government assessor and lawyer Gottfried von Badewitz (1866–1944). In 1909, the new Gröben and Siethen landowners financed the lion's share of the costs for the reconstruction of the burned down Gröben church and in 1914 was raised to the nobility. A striking coat of arms of this family can be found in the patronage box of the Siethen church.
While Karl von Jagow had tried in vain to increase the profitability of the goods and therefore quickly parted with the property, the new Gröben and Siethen landlord Gottfried von Badewitz ultimately fought equally in vain for an adequate return on the property in the first quarter of the 20th century . The two goods did not prove to be economically viable at any point, so that von Badewitz made grants for the operation of the goods from the income of the family-owned Berlin bank. In 1936 the family sold the Gröbener property and tried to divide the remaining land into viable parts and to create economic core areas in order to save the estate in Siethen. In 1941 the National Socialists forced the sale of the property there too.
The Gröben estate had been owned by Hauptmann a. D. Schrage, a small part of the property with the Gröbener See was owned by a Dr. Lühr has been sold.
Groben after 1945
After 1945 Gröben was in the Soviet occupation zone , the Schragesche portion of the land of the property was given to landless farmers, workers and refugees as part of the land reform . During the GDR era, agriculture and livestock were the focus in Gröben.
Culture and sights
In the list of monuments of the Teltow-Fläming district, the village church, the rectory and the former manor house of the village are listed as architectural monuments.
Village church
Building history
The Gröben church was built in the 13th century, renovated and consecrated in 1508, expanded in 1860, destroyed to the ground by a fire in 1908 and rebuilt in 1909.
First construction, 13th century
According to the latest results from Engeser and Stehr, the foundation walls that are still partially existing today do not go back to the original church from the 13th century, but to the building, which was consecrated in 1508 and previously probably fundamentally changed. Only a few fragments of bricks probably date from the 13th century. According to current research, this first church was either a rectangular church made of field stones or a timber frame building. No data is available on the reasons that led to the construction of 1508.
Second building, 1508
The second building from 1508 was a "rectangular building with a polygonal end of the choir" and brick edges , largely made of field stones. It had a priest portal on the south side, on the gable of the west portal there was a probably wooden roof tower . The church was lower and around 7 meters shorter than the current one. In 1508, “Bishop Johann von Schlabrendorf” consecrated it , and an altar was donated for the patron saint St. Nikolaus. Over the centuries the von Schlabrendorfs exercised the so-called “patronage rule”, which includes the rights and obligations of the founder of a church. According to an entry in the church register, the building got its first clock in 1598: "In 1633 the clockwork donated in 1598 was repaired."
Reconstruction 1858–1860
The renovation financed by Countess Emilie von Schlabrendorf by means of a will between 1858 and 1860 was carried out by the Royal Building Councilor Friedrich Adler (1827-1908). It comprised the construction of the vestibule, the gallery and the seven-meter-long western part, on the gable of which sat a small retracted roof tower with a tent roof . Adler kept the stone masonry and tried to adapt new facilities such as the pulpit , altar and baptism to the early Gothic style; however, all openings were given a neo-Gothic shape. On Christmas Eve 1908 the church burned down to the ground and completely. Even today, the bell rings every December 24th at 3 p.m. to commemorate the fire disaster.
New building in 1909
Just a year later, the new church stood, the plans of which were drawn up by the architect Franz Heinrich Schwechten , who built the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church and the Anhalter Bahnhof in Berlin. The brick building was erected on the usable ruins of the surrounding walls, so today's choir and lower parts of the side walls come from the second building in 1508, including a few fragments from the first building in the 13th century. The little roof tower that sat on the west gable was not reconstructed. Today's neo-Gothic, also retracted west tower with vestibule was a bit slimmer than its predecessor. It is structured with plaster panels, loop windows and openings in the bell storey and covered with plain tiles. The gable roof of the ship was partly closed with double beaks and partly with interlocking tiles . The sacristy on the north side was rebuilt, the previously existing small south entrance was walled up. The crypt under the chancel ( apse ), which was also destroyed , was filled in. Franz Schwechten had the choir expanded and elaborate neo-Gothic forms simplified.
The construction costs amounted to around 60,000 gold marks and were partly raised by the village population through collections, the greater part was paid by the new squire Dr. Gottfried Badewitz took over. For the inauguration on February 6, 1910, Empress Auguste Viktoria donated an altar Bible.
Today's interior
The neo-Romanesque , brick-built pulpit on the north side of the nave dates back to the renovation in 1858/1860. A passage leads from the pulpit to the former sacristy, which today contains a small exhibition on church and local history. The rest of the interior is from the reconstruction in 1909, with the exception of parts of the windows. Likewise the lively colors of the ornaments , the artistic frescoes on the walls and the partly rosette-like decorations in the choir room and the barrel vault , these paintings were done by Professor August Oetken . A large chandelier dominates the central nave.
Stained glass window (sanctuary)
There are three historical windows in the three facets of the choir. The left, so-called Schlabrendorf window , contains the family's coat of arms and shows a bishop's cap above it. Some preserved painted panes were built into this window, which probably date from the time of the second building in 1508 and were donated by Johann von Schlabrendorf, the Bishop of Havelberg. Fontane, who saw this window intact before the fire, reported a bishop's cap over the coat of arms. The middle, the Resurrection window , probably contains old parts from the early 16th century, testimony to the artistry of the Brandenburg glass painters of the time . The right window shows the coat of arms of the Goertzke family, who had been the church patron of the neighboring community of Großbeuthen since 1597.
Windows and grave slabs (vestibule)
The equally elaborate glass windows from 1909 in the anteroom show Fischer im Gröbener Kietz on the right and, according to the line of text in the window, a “Gröben owner” in the field.
Of the ten Schlabrendorf tombstones at the time , which, according to Fontane, were walled in behind the altar and formed “a picturesque niche wall”, two slabs still exist in 2004, housed in the anteroom. The epitaphs , some with coats of arms and putti , contain inscriptions for Christina Elisabeth von Schlabrendorf († 1694, vestibule left) and Gustav Albrecht von Schlabrendorf († 1703, vestibule right, illustration below), which are still legible today. The inscription on a grave slab destroyed by fire from a Schlabrendorf village that reads during the First Silesian War in the Battle of Mollwitz :
"Stand mortal and pay attention to the immortal Krohn ', which the high-born knight and lord, Mr. Johann Christian Siegmund v. Schlabrendorf, Sr. K. Majesty in Prussia at Dero Infanterie… highly deserved lieutenant, master of the Groeben, Beuthen, Jütchendorf and Waßmannsdorf estates, who was born on December 20, 1711 at the Groeben house and on April 10, 1741 in the between the Prussian and Austrian Army at 'Mollwitz' in Silesia, in which the victory remained on the Prussian side, by a musket shot, if he was hit through the head, for the honor and rights of God, the king and the fatherland, his heroic spirit abandoned, after he brought his age to 29 years and 4 months. "
Plague and furnace (entrance hall)
The church entrance is in the west portal with the tower and leads through a small entrance hall. In this passage there is a memorial plaque on the left with a gradually fading battle painting in the upper part. Here, too, a Schlabrendorf is honored who gave his life “for the fatherland”, in this case Gustavus Albertus von Schlabrendorf on July 15, 1686 as an ensign in front of fortress Ofen in Hungary ; the picture shows the two bastions Pest and Ofen on both sides of the Danube near Budapest . The text praises in rhyme intrepid courage and heroism against the "hereditary enemy" today strange-looking phrases such as: "It was his only desire Carthaunen hear popping".
On the right side of the entrance hall, three figures are set into the masonry, remains of an epitaph. They were found under the rubble in 1909.
Organ, bells and tower clock
The organ in the gallery from 1910 is one of the very rare still existing original Sauer organs from Frankfurt (Oder) . The bronze bells destroyed by the fire were replaced by three cast bells that are still rung by hand today. In order for the mechanical tower clock restored in 1996 to show the exact time, according to the village church in Gröben leaflet, "the heavy weights for the clock and striking mechanism must be raised almost six meters every week."
The Gröben church book
The Gröben church book is considered to be the oldest preserved in the Mark Brandenburg. The first entries in the Gröben church book date from 1575. In the following years, the entries were made very irregularly. It was not until Pastor Thile I took up the records in 1604 that they became more detailed. This tradition continued with the pastors Friedrich Zander, Felician Clar and Heinrich Wilhelm Voss. In 1769, Pastor Redde took over the reporting, which ends in 1786. Only towards the end of the Thirty Years War are there interruptions in the records. In 1911, Pastor Lemke continued the tradition and, interrupted by the First World War, compiled a chronicle of files and church records until his death in 1934. The preserved church book is often on the way to exhibitions, a copy is in the Evangelical Central Archive in Berlin-Kreuzberg . The original is in the House of Brandenburg-Prussian History in Potsdam, in the permanent exhibition “Land and People”.
Theodor Fontane traveled to Gröben several times in 1860 and 1881 to inspect the church book; In his hikes through the Mark Brandenburg he gives excerpts on more than ten pages. Fontane sums up the content of this “old, worm-eaten volume, naturally bound in pigskin ,” in the following words: “War and plague and water and fire distress and bad wax and freak births. And besides, misfortune upon misfortune ... fishermen drown, bridal trains are surprised by the storm and people lost in winter break into the barely frozen lunas or freeze in the blown snow. In addition, murder and fire, and stabbing and beheading, and on every third leaf the old song of adultery and 'illegitimacy' of all kinds, to which the pastoral and mostly invective-rich condemnations are regularly connected, like the amen in the church . But always in a lapidary style . "
The book contains records from the years 1578 to 1769. It is now in Ahrensdorf and is available online. A copy is on display in the Gröben church.
manor
The manor house was built in 1720 by Johann Christian von Schlabrendorf on the foundations of an older building. A coat of arms over the entrance indicates the year of construction. The building is a two-storey plastered building with a length of nine axes and a depth of two axes with a hipped roof . A barrel vault in the basement has been preserved from the previous building. The main entrance is in the central axis of the building. Inside there is a spacious staircase from the time the house was built.
The building was used as the residence of the respective manor until 1945, after the land reform it served as an administration building and a kindergarten. In 1994 the municipality sold the house to a couple of architects who renovated and expanded the building.
Rectory
The basic construction of the rectory dates from around 1730. Additions were made in 1870 and 1888. The farm building was built in 1905/06. Theodor Fontane visited the parsonage several times to inspect the Gröben church book, from which he reproduces more than ten pages of excerpts in his work Walks through the Mark Brandenburg .
Groebener Kietz
Around 400 meters behind Groeben in the direction of Nuthe follows the Gröbener Kietz, which was independent until 1896, with a handful of houses, which was still referred to as Kietz on the town sign around the year 2000 ; In 2004 there was only the inscription Gröben and only the street sign Kietz still indicates the special feature that one of the few so-called “real” Kietze has been preserved here. A Kietz was a service settlement that was usually located near a castle and mostly as a fishing settlement at river crossings. These "real" Kietze only exist east of the Elbe.
With the renaming of the Kietzer Dorfstraße to Kietz , the name Kietz was retained, but another historical reference was lost, because the former name of the street was Gatze , which corresponds to the Slavic gat and means "dam". It is unclear whether a settlement already existed in Slavic times, i.e. until around 1160. The Kietz is said to have been right next to an old German castle, nothing can be seen of it today. What is certain is that Burgplatz was around 700 meters west of Gröben.
The Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg from 1375 provided the first written mention. The only information was the fee of 18 shillings . In 1497 a Kietz was called “located near Gröben”. The map from 1683 showed a castle wall surrounded by today's Alte Nuthe. Today's Saugraben , previously Gröbener Fließ , which runs directly behind Gröben , was created at the end of the 16th century to regulate the flow. Just a small jetty was not enough for carts that had to drive through the water to get to the Kietz. Only with the incorporation to Gröben in 1896 was Kietz easily accessible after the construction of a bridge. The Alte Nuthe, now almost silted up and on which boats used to travel, ran further west between Kietz and Nuthe. Today, several typical fishermen's huts made of clay, wood and straw as well as brittle boats on the meadows are a reminder of the past fishing tradition.
Economy and Infrastructure
Economic development
Village economy in the 12th century
The settlers of the 12th century drained the first swamps and started clearing the forests. “The founding of the village”, wrote Friedrich Wienecke in 1899, “was given to a man by the margrave or his confidante knight. This one was assigned certain land ... The rest of the land was divided into Hufen of 30 to 60 acres. The hooves could be farmed by a family; its yield was sufficient to feed it and to bear taxes ... It is uncertain whether the hooves were ceded for money; however, the settlers received advance payments for seeds and travel money and were exempt from taxes for 3–5 years. If, on the other hand, they had to clear the forest first, they were given hooves twice the size and 16 free years. "
These conditions were very tempting for settlers from Saxony, for example, as it was increasingly difficult for later-born sons in particular to acquire property there. The initiative and drive of the settlers, often supported and guided by the Cistercian monasteries, led in a short time to a significant economic upswing, trade and industry flourished, guilds and guilds emerged.
Hundreds of fish and new colonists
In the 450 years of Schlabrendorf and the following Jagow years, further swamps, Elsbrüche and meadows were drained, ditches were dug, forests were reclaimed, fields were reclaimed, rivers were regulated, roads were built and bridges were built.
In addition to the traditional village focus on agriculture and livestock, the focus of the work was on fishing . In the old Nuthe and in the Gröbener See the catch was measured in hundredweight. The Saar crabs from the then Nuthe tributary Saare are said to have been a delicacy and were sold as far as Paris . The adjacent map from 1791 shows the Saare and other tributaries of the Nuthe north of Groeben. The use of these rich fishing grounds repeatedly led to tangible disputes between the Kietz fishermen and the villagers. Since the regulation of the Nuthe in the 1880s, fishing has continuously declined. On the other hand, river straightening brought about an upswing in shipping and rafting .
The sheep was funded, there were mills and distillery and beyond the Gröbener lake at Jütchendorf wine at the vineyard. When after the plague years and almost a century after the Thirty Years' War Gröben was almost orphaned like many villages, Frederick the Great called settlers from Saxony , Bohemia and Holland ( Dutch Quarter , Weber Quarter in Potsdam) into the country around 1750 ; Gröben got five colonist houses with land and inheritance rights, each settled family got a cow, a pig and a goose as well as exemption from taxes and military service .
Todays situation
After the fall of the Wall , Gröben set a new economic focus with near-natural tourism, whereby the village benefited from its close proximity to Potsdam and Berlin. A sport horse breeding with stallion station and riding stables was set up and a country hotel was built. Today there are three excursion restaurants with garden restaurants in the small village. The prerequisites for tourism as an economic factor are created by the idyllic location of the village in the Nuthe-Nieplitz nature park , which was opened in August 1999 and occupies a middle place among the eleven Brandenburg nature parks with an area of 623 km².
traffic
Gröben can be reached via the Ludwigsfelde-West exit of the Bundesautobahn 10 (Berliner Ring). The connection to the local public transport exists Monday to Friday via a bus line and at times a regular taxi from the Teltow-Fläming transport company from Ludwigsfelde station .
Personalities
The von Schlabrendorf family
The von Schlabrendorf family shaped the history of the place for centuries. Significant family members were:
- Johann von Schlabrendorf, from around 1500 Bishop of Havelberg
- Ernst von Schlabrendorf († 1609), heir of Gröben and Siethen, married to Ursula von Thümen. ( "Thümener Winkel" )
- Gustavus Albertus von Schlabrendorf († July 15, 1686 as an ensign in front of the fortress of Ofen in Hungary)
- Elisabeth von Schlabrendorf (1647–1691), wife of Hans Albrecht von Barfus
- Christina Elisabeth von Schlabrendorf († 1694), epitaph in the church vestibule on the left.
- Gustav Albrecht von Schlabrendorf (1631–1703), epitaph in the church vestibule on the right.
- Johann Christian von Schlabrendorf, built the still existing manor house in 1720
- the son Johann Christian Sigmund von Schlabrendorf, the "legendary" lieutenant , died at the age of 29 in 1741 near Mollwitz
- Gustav Albrecht von Schlabrendorf (1703–1765), heir and court lord in Gröben as well as major general and one of the "heroes" of the Seven Years' War
- The brother Ernst Wilhelm von Schlabrendorf (1719–1769), Minister in Silesia.
- Joachim-Ernst von Schlabrendorf († 1778), according to Fontane completely in debt, sold his Siethener estate and moved with his family to Berlin.
- Gustav Graf von Schlabrendorf (1750–1824), one of Ernst Wilhelm's sons, lived and died in Paris. As a supporter of the Girondins , he barely escaped the scaffold in 1793, already convicted .
- Heinrich von Schlabrendorf († 1829), another son of Ernst Wilhelm, became landlord in Gröben in 1786 and, like his brother, received the title of count. He bought back the previously lost property, but could only hold it until 1801.
- Count Leopold von Schlabrendorf (1794-1851) bought Gröben back a third time in 1822 and, according to Fontane, was a "blessing for the village population"
- Countess Emilie of Schlabrendorf († 1858), widow of Leopold, funded by Legat (testamentarischem legacy) the reconstruction of the village church from 1858 to 1860.
- Johanna von Scharnhorst, b. Countess von Schlabrendorf (1803–1867), daughter-in-law of General Gerhard von Scharnhorst . Johanna set up an orphanage ( Tabea House ) in neighboring Siethen in 1860 . She sold the property in 1859, just one year after she owned it from Emilie von Schlabrendorf to Carl von Jagow and only kept the Gröben manor as a residence.
Others
Fontane's "Brandenburg idyll"
Theodor Fontane described Gröben in detail in his work Walks through the Mark Brandenburg . Fontane's phrase about the “average village” of Gröben can be read in many works and brochures about the region. Fontane's statement about Gröben, "a village like others more", quoted often and mostly without context, reads as follows:
“Groeben is considered a very pretty village by its residents and even more so by its summer visitors. But I can only conditionally agree with this view, if it is about more than its mere 'location'. Groeben has an average reputation in the Brandenburg region, is a village like any other, and everything that can be considered to be remarkably pretty in its appearance is its church, surrounded by high lilac bushes where nightingales beat. "
In the introduction to the chapter on the church it was stated that Fontane exempted the “remarkably pretty” church from these “heretical views”, as he himself apologized in a letter to the wife of the Gröben pastor Wendland in May 1881. His statement relates to the image and the appearance of the village itself. Fontane found the scenic location of the place excellent, because in the introduction to the chapter about the two villages he writes: “... and after a half-hour walk we reach a moderate hill height from which we can overlook two lakes and two villages: 'Groeben' and 'Siethen'. A Brandenburg idyll. "
Gröben as a location for films
Since the mid-1990s, Gröben, and above all the Gasthof Naase, has been the location for a number of films. First, parts of the television film The Sandman with Götz George was shot there in 1995 . Peter Zadek had previously used the inn's hall for a theater performance. This was followed by Kurzer Traum with Inge Meysel in 1996 and Mörderkind in 1999 , both television films from the Polizeiruf 110 series . The Gasthof Naase became the "Gasthof Krause" in a series of films with Horst Krause since the mid-2000s . After Krause's festival (2005), Krause's cure , Krause's bride and, in 2014, Krause's secret followed . Some scenes from the 2009 film adaptation of Fontane's Effi Briest by Hermine Huntgeburth with Julia Jentsch were shot in Gröben.
literature
- Friedrich Wienecke: The Germanization of the Mark Brandenburg. In: The Province of Brandenburg in words and pictures. Edited by Pestalozzi Association of the Province of Brandenburg. Julius Klinkhardt, Berlin 1900.
- Herbert Ludat : The East German Kietze . Publishing house Gustav Kunze, Bernburg 1936, DNB 574915672 .
- Adolf Reccius, Chronicle of Homeland (documented news about the history of the district town of Calbe and its immediate surroundings), Calbe / Saale 1936.
- Johannes Schultze (Hrsg.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg of 1375 (= Brandenburg land books . Volume 2; publications of the historical commission for the province of Brandenburg and the imperial capital Berlin . Volume VIII, 2). Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940 ( digitized in Potsdam University Library ).
- Bruno Krüger (author), H. Schneemann (cartography): The Kietz settlements in northern Central Europe. Contributions of archeology to their age determination and essence interpretation . With 3 distribution maps in the appendix (= German Academy of Sciences in Berlin [Hrsg.]: Writings of the Section for Pre- and Early History . Volume 11 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1962, DNB 452605652 .
- Christa and Johannes Jankowiak: On the way to Nuthe and Nieplitz. Portrait of a Brandenburg landscape. On old tracks and new paths . Stapp Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-87776-061-9
- Theodor Fontane: Walks through the Mark Brandenburg . Part 4. Spreeland. Frankfurt M and Berlin 1998 (the quotations are also from the church book). ISBN 3-548-24381-9
- Gerhard Birk : Parish Groben. Historical mosaic on the history of the Mark Brandenburg . Blown tracks. Märkischer Verlag, Wilhelmshorst 1999, ISBN 3-931329-19-4
- Carsten Rasmus, Bettina Klaehne: Hiking and nature guides Naturpark Nuthe-Nieplitz - hikes, bike tours and walks. KlaRas-Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-933135-11-7
- Evangelical parish Gröben: Village church in Gröben. Leaflet (no year, received 2004).
Web links
- Theo Engeser and Konstanze Stehr: Medieval village churches in Teltow (south of Berlin and Brandenburg). Gröben village church
- Online edition of the historical church book of Groeben
- Gröben on the website of the city of Ludwigsfelde
- Nuthe-Nieplitz Nature Park Administration
- Nature watch in Brandenburg
Individual evidence
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities, see 1997
- ↑ ludwigsfelde.de: Lease in Ludwigsfelde , accessed on August 31, 2011
- ↑ For other name derivations see Nuthe .
- ↑ On the overestimation of the Cistercian historical image of the emergence of the Mark Brandenburg # The Cistercians as culture bringer
- ↑ On the existence of early German aristocratic rule in later core areas of the Mark Brandenburg, in the yearbook for regional history 16 (1) / 1989, pp. 27–38.
- ↑ Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, Teltow. Groben, S. 103 .
- ↑ a b c d Carsten Preuß, Hiltrud Preuß, The estates and manor houses in the Teltow-Fläming district. , Lukas Verlag , Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-86732-100-6 , pp. 80-81.
- ^ Theo Engeser, Konstanze Stehr: Gröben village church . August 17, 2006. Last accessed October 14, 2015.
- ^ Theodor Fontane, Walks through the Mark Brandenburg . Part 4. Spreeland. After the 1998 edition, Ullstein Verlag, Frankfurt / M., Berlin. ISBN 3-548-24381-9 chapter Groeben and Siethen , p. 384ff.
- ↑ Evangelical Church Berlin-Brandenburg-Schlesische Oberlausitz The church book of Gröben from 1578–1769 . On-line.
- ↑ Carsten Preuß, Hiltrud Preuß, The estates and mansions in the Teltow-Fläming district. , Lukas Verlag , Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-86732-100-6 , p. 78.
- ↑ Entry on the Gröben manor in the monument database of the Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and the State Archaeological Museum.
- ↑ Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, Teltow. Groben Vicus, S. 103 .
- ↑ Hofgut Gröben , accessed on October 19, 2015
- ↑ a b Kathrin Bischoff, leading role for a pub . In: Berliner Zeitung , July 30, 2011, online
- ↑ Ingo Zingler, refugee drama from the Oderbruch . In: Berliner Zeitung , May 3, 1996, online
- ↑ a b In the Wirthaus der Stars . In Märkische Allgemeine Zeitung , July 22, 2014, online .
Districts: Ahrensdorf | Genshagen | Groben | Groß Schulzendorf | Jütchendorf | Kerzendorf | Lion's Break | Ludwigsfelde | Mietgendorf | Shot | Siethen | Wietstock
Residential places: Am Fischerkietz | At the forest | Struveshof | Vineyard
