Chrabrowo
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Chrabrowo
Powunden, Ellerkrug, Kirchengrund and Korreynen Храброво
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Chrabrowo ( Russian Храброво , German Powunden ) is a place north of Kaliningrad in the Russian part of East Prussia, the Kaliningrad Oblast . Khrabrovo is located in Gurjewsk Rajon and belongs to the municipal self-government unit of the Gurjewsk district .
Since before 1976, Chrabrowo has also included the localities Ellerkrug (ru. Initially Raduschnoje), Kirchengrund (ru. Initially Jasnoje) and Korreynen (ru. Initially Dubrawa).
Geographical location
The village is located in the historical region of East Prussia , in northern Samland , 21 kilometers north of Königsberg ( Kaliningrad ).
Chrabrowo can be reached via the Russian trunk road A 191 (former German Reichsstrasse 128 ) and the Otradnoje (Karmitten) junction . A direct expressway from Kaliningrad to Kaliningrad-Khrabrovo Airport is about to be completed.
From 1916 to 1945 what was then Powunden was a railway station on the Groß Raum –Ellerkrug railway (Russian: Rjabinowka – Raduschnoje, now: Chrabrowo) operated by Kleinbahn Groß Raum – Ellerkrug GmbH.
Place name
Mentioned for the first time in 1258 as "Feld Powunden" , the name is derived from the Prussian po-Wundan : near the water. The Russian name is apparently derived from the adjective chrabry for bold.
history
The place formerly called Powunden was founded at the beginning of the 14th century and had a religious court. The place was mentioned in a document in January 1343, when Bishop Johannes von Samland awarded his chamberlain in Powunden ten vacant hooves between the villages of Wiskiauten (Russian: Mochowoje), Bledau (Sosnowka) and Kiauten (Luschki). In 1255 Powunden became the seat of a bishopric.
On April 30, 1874 Powunden became the eponymous place and seat of a newly formed district in the district of Königsberg (Prussia) , from 1939 to 1945 district of Samland , in the district of Königsberg in the Prussian province of East Prussia . On March 15, 1894, the municipal-free village of Berbadien , on January 11, 1896, the village of Roppen (Russian: Schirokopolje) was incorporated into Powunden. In 1910 the rural community registered 446 inhabitants, the number of which increased to 498 by 1933 and to 702 by 1939. On April 1, 1939, the incorporation of Twergaiten (Russian: Nadeschdino, no longer existent) contributed significantly to the population increase.
After the Second World War , Powunden and northern East Prussia were placed under Soviet administration. Powunden was given the Russian name "Chrabrowo" in 1947. At the same time, the place was included in the village Soviet Novoselski selski Sowet . Since 1958 Chrabrowo was the namesake of a village soviet, whose seat was in Matrossowo . From 2008 to 2013 the place was the seat of a rural community and after its dissolution has belonged to the urban district of Guryevsk.
Powunden district 1874–1945
The Powunden district, newly established in 1874, in the Königsberg district (Prussia) initially comprised nine rural communities or manor districts :
| Surname | Russian name | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Rural communities : | ||
| Bulgehnen | Gorlowka |
Converted into an estate district in 1897, incorporated into Uggehnen in 1928 |
| Powunden | Chrabrowo | |
| Twergaiten | Nadeschdino | 1939 incorporated into Powunden |
| Uggehnen | Matrossowo | |
| Manor districts: | ||
| Carmitten | Otradnoye | Converted to a rural community in 1928 |
| Ellerkrug | Raduzhnoye, since 2008: Khrabrovo | Integrated into Powunden in 1897 |
| Heide (Adlig Heyde) | 1928 incorporated into Bledau | |
| Ropes | Shirokopolje | Integrated into Powunden in 1896 |
| Berbadien | Integrated into Powunden in 1894 |
On January 1, 1945, due to the structural changes, only three communities belonged to the Powunden district: Karmitten, Powunden and Uggehnen.
Chrabrowski selski Sowet / okrug 1958–2008
The village soviet Khrabrowski selski Sowet (ru. Храбровский сельский Совет) was established in April 1958. It emerged (essentially) as a merger of the two village soviets Matrossowski selski Sowet and Nowoselski selski Sowet . The northern part of the Novoselski selski Sowet, however, ended up in the Muromski selski Sowet in the Zelenogradsk Raion (1965 at the latest) . The administrative seat of the village soviet was the place Matrossowo. After the collapse of the Soviet Union , the administrative unit existed as the village district Khrabrowski selski Sowet (ru. Храбровский сельский округ). In 2008 the remaining places of the village district were taken over into the rural municipality Khrabrowskoje selskoje posselenije.
| Place name | Name until 1947/50 | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Beryosovka (Берёзовка) | Schugsten | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially assigned to the village Soviet Matrossowski. |
| Khrabrovo (Храброво) | Powunden | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially included in the Novoselsky village soviet. He was the namesake of the village soviet / village district. |
| Dubrawa (Дубрава) | Correynen | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially included in the Novoselsky village soviet. It was attached to the place Chrabrowo before 1975. |
| Gorlowka (Горловка) | Bulgehnen | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially assigned to the village Soviet Matrossowski. |
| Gorochowo (Горохово) | Sprittlauken | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially included in the Novoselsky village soviet. |
| Jasnoe (Ясное) | Kirchengrund | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially assigned to the Novoselsky village soviet. It was attached to the place Chrabrowo before 1975. |
| Jelniki (Ельники) | edge | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially assigned to the village Soviet Matrossowski. |
| Kistenjowka (Кистенёвка) | Kommau | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially assigned to the Kosmodemjanski village soviet . It was deleted from the location register in 1997. |
| Matrossowo (Матросово) | Uggehnen | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially the administrative seat of the village soviet Matrossovsky. Administrative seat of this village soviet / village district. |
| Morschanskoje (Моршанское) | White paints | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially assigned to the Novoselsky village soviet. |
| Otradnoye (Отрадное) | Karmitten | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially assigned to the village Soviet Matrossowski. |
| Peschkowo (Пешково) | Steinerkrug | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially assigned to the village Soviet Matrossowski. It was probably connected to Sosnovka before 1975. |
| Polyany (Поляны) | Seal [inn] | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially assigned to the village Soviet Matrossowski. It was renamed Malinowka in 1997 . |
| Raduzhnoe (Радужное) | Ellerkrug | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially assigned to the Novoselsky village soviet. It was attached to the place Chrabrowo before 1975. |
| Ryabinovka (Рябиновка) | Big space | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially assigned to the village Soviet Matrossowski. |
| Saizewo (Зайцево) | Trentitten | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially included in the Novoselsky village soviet. |
| Shatrovo (Шатрово) | Norgehnen, 1938–1945: "Schugsten, northern estate" | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially assigned to the village Soviet Matrossowski. |
| Sokolowka (Соколовка) | Stephen | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially assigned to the village Soviet Matrossowski. It was abandoned before 1975. |
| Sosnovka (Сосновка) | Fritzen | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially assigned to the village Soviet Matrossowski. |
Khrabrovskoye selskoye posseleniye 2008-2013
The rural community Khrabrovskoje selskoje posselenije (ru. Храбровское сельское поселение) was established in 2008. It comprised 38 places each classified as a "settlement" (Russian: possjolok), which previously belonged to the village districts of Chrabrowski selski okrug and Marschalski selski okrug . 7,378 inhabitants lived in an area of 236.0 km² (as of 2010). In 2013 the rural community was dissolved again and its places incorporated into the newly formed urban district of Guryevsk .
| Place name | German name | Place name | German name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beryosovka (Берёзовка) | Schugsten (southern Gut) | Otradnoye (Отрадное) | Karmitten | |
| Khrabrovo (Храброво) | Powunden , Ellerkrug , Kirchengrund and Korreynen | Ovrashnoe (Овражное) | Nickelsdorf | |
| Gajewo (Гаево) | Kropiens | Pirogowo (Пирогово) | Nod | |
| Georgievskoye (Георгиевское) | Konradshorst | Pravdino (Правдино) | Thiemsdorf | |
| Gorlowka (Горловка) | Bulgehnen | Pridorozhnoe (Придорожное) | Cherry flap | |
| Gorochowo (Горохово) | Sprittlauken | Pushkinskoye (Пушкинское) | at sheaves | |
| Iljitschjowo (Ильичёво) | Gork | Ryabinovka (Рябиновка) | Big space | |
| Jelniki (Ельники) | edge | Roschkowo (Рожково) | Perwissau | |
| Kashirskoye (Каширское) | Schaaksvitte | Saizewo (Зайцево) | Trentitten | |
| Krasnopolje (Краснополье) | Regitten and Sparrow | Saliwnoje (Заливное) | Postnicken , Jägertal and Möwenhof | |
| Lasowskoje (Лазовское) | Trömpau | Shatrovo (Шатрово) | Norgehnen / Schugsten (north of Gut) | |
| Liski (Лиски) | Kingitten | Schemchuschnoje (Жемчужное) | Schaaken Church | |
| Malinovka (Малиновка) | seal | Zelenopolje (Зеленополье) | Krumteich | |
| Marshalskoye (Маршальское) | Sheaves of gall | Sosnovka (Сосновка) | Fritzen | |
| Matrossowo (Матросово) | Uggehnen | Starorusskoye (Старорусское) | Eythienen | |
| Morschanskoje (Моршанское) | White paints | Stepnoje (Стөпное) | Powarben | |
| Naumovka (Наумовка) | Tendons | Tchaikino (Чайкино) | Rinau | |
| Nekrasowo (Некрасово) | Liska-Schaaken | Uslowoje (Узловое) | (Royal) Neuendorf | |
| Opuschki (Опушки) | Noble Gallgarben | Vasilyevskoye (Василевское) | Wesselshöfen |
Castle
Between 1265 and 1270 the bishop of Samland had a castle built in Powunden, which was then probably built in stone under Bishop Johann Clare (1319-1344). Since the middle of the 15th century it fell into disrepair and in 1584 served as a quarry for the expansion of Laptau (Russian: Muromskoje). The last remains of the building were demolished in 1870 and sold to Cranz (Zelenogradsk), where they were used to build a road. At the beginning of the 20th century there was only a weir ditch and traces of the field stone walls.
Airfield
During the Second World War , night fighter squadrons of the Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht) were stationed near Powunden. The following Soviet military airfield has also been used as a civil airport since 1962. A modern reception building was put into operation in 1973, construction of a new terminal began in 2007, part of which looks like a ruin in 2015. The airport's IATA airport code is KGD .
church
(with parish and pastor list)
Church building
At the southern entrance to Chrabrowo on the western side are the ruins of the Powunder Church. It was created in the first half of the 14th century. It is a building made of plastered field and brick blocks with a closed choir and a vaulted interior with wall paintings from the years 1370/80, of which traces of the image of the Apostle Paul could recently be exposed.
Although the church survived the war years unscathed, it was used as a club building afterwards. Then a fire destroyed the masonry, and it finally found customers as a quarry for the construction of private houses by military personnel. Today only ruins can be seen.
Evangelical parish
As early as 1334 there was a parish in Powunden. The Lutheran Reformation found its way relatively early, and the church was placed under the Fischhausen inspection (Russian: Primorsk). Most recently she was assigned to the parish of Königsberg-Land II in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union until 1945 .
Today Khrabrowo lies in the catchment area of the small community in Marschalskoje (Gallgarben) . It is a subsidiary of the Church of the Resurrection in Kaliningrad (Königsberg) in the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia (ELKER).
Personalities
- Jakob von Bludau († January 20, 1358 in Powunden), priest and bishop of Samland (* around 1318)
- Gerd Rehberg , (born January 8, 1936 in Powunden), German politician and football official, a. a. President / CEO of FC Schalke 04 from 1994 to 2007
literature
- Karl Emil Gebauer : Customer of the Samland or history and topographical-statistical picture of the East Prussian landscape Samland . Königsberg 1844, pp. 99-100.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ^ Location information East Prussia picture archive: Powunden
- ^ Chrabrowo - Powunden at ostpreussen.net
- ^ A b Rolf Jehke, Powunden District
- ↑ Uli Schubert, municipality directory, district of Königsberg
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Samland district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 ноября 1947 г. "О переименовании населённых пунктов Калининградской области" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of November 17, 1947: About the renaming of the Kaliningrad Oblast towns)
- ↑ Information on http://www.klgd.ru
- ↑ By Закон Калининградской области от 30 июня 2008 года № 254 «Об организации местного самоуправления на территории муниципального образования" Гурьевский городской округ "» (Law of the Kaliningrad Oblast of 30 June 2008, No. 254. On the organization of local self-government the territory of municipal education "Guryevsk District")
- ^ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty of Kaliningrad ( Memento of August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive )