Nahe (Rhine)

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The catchment area of ​​the Nahe and their tributaries

The catchment area of ​​the Nahe and their tributaries

Data
Water code EN : 254
location Germany
River system Rhine
Drain over Rhine  → North Sea
source near Selbach (Nohfelden)
49 ° 32 ′ 27 ″  N , 7 ° 1 ′ 33 ″  E
Source height 459  m above sea level NHN
muzzle in Bingen at river kilometer 529.1 from left in the Rhine Coordinates: 49 ° 58 '12 "  N , 7 ° 53' 19"  E 49 ° 58 '12 "  N , 7 ° 53' 19"  E
Mouth height 79  m above sea level NHN
Height difference 380 m
Bottom slope 3 ‰
length 125.1 km
Catchment area 4,067,068 km²
Discharge at the Grolsheim
A Eo gauge : 4013 km²
Location: 7.4 km above the mouth 		NNQ (August 8, 1986)
MNQ
MQ
Mq
 MHQ
HHQ (December 21, 1993) 		1.62 m³ / s
4.48 m³ / s
29.2 m³ / s
7.3 l / (s km²)
 342 m³ / s
917 m³ / s
Discharge  at the mouth of the
A Eo : 4067 km² 		MQ
Mq
 		29.5 m³ / s
7.3 l / (s km²)
Left tributaries Traunbach , Schwollbach , Idarbach , Fischbach , Hahnenbach , Simmerbach / Kellenbach , Ellerbach , Guldenbach
Right tributaries Heimbach , Glan , Alsenz , Appelbach , Wiesbach
Reservoirs flowed through Kammerwoog , Niederhausen reservoir
Medium-sized cities Idar-Oberstein , Bad Kreuznach , Bingen
Small towns Kirn , Bad Sobernheim , Bad Munster am Stein-Ebernburg
The Nahe spring near Selbach in the municipality of Nohfelden

The Nahe spring near Selbach in the municipality of Nohfelden

Nahe bridge in Bad Kreuznach

Nahe bridge in Bad Kreuznach

View from Rüdesheimer Berg to the confluence of the Nahe with the Rhine with a bridge for rail and road traffic on the left bank of the Rhine; on the left the old town of Bingen am Rochusberg, on the right the district of Bingerbrück and behind the medieval Drususbrücke

View from Rüdesheimer Berg to the confluence of the Nahe with the Rhine with a bridge for rail and road traffic on the left bank of the Rhine ; on the left the old town of Bingen am Rochusberg , on the right the district of Bingerbrück and behind the medieval Drususbrücke

The Nahe ( Latin Nava , originally Celtic Wild River ) is an approximately 125 km long left tributary of the Rhine in Saarland and Rhineland-Palatinate .

geography

course

Idar-Oberstein before the Nahe development (approx. 1980)
Nahe development ( Nahehochstrasse ; B 41 ) in the Oberstein district

The Nahe divides the low mountain range of the North Palatinate Bergland and Hunsrück as well as the natural areas Saar-Nahe-Bergland and Hunsrück. It flows through the Saarland district of St. Wendel and the Rhineland-Palatinate districts of Birkenfeld , Bad Kreuznach and Mainz-Bingen .

The river has its source in the Saarland in the Primstaler Heights natural area on the southern slope of the 505  m high Eckersberg . The source is located northwest of Selbach on the edge of the forest. Initially, the Nahe flows through two Nohfelden districts, initially Selbach and below Gonnesweiler . There it receives an inflow via the Bos from the Bostalsee reservoir , which it passes in the southeast. After flowing through the main town of Nohfelden, it leaves the Saarland in a north-easterly direction and crosses the border with Rhineland-Palatinate.

The course of the river continues in this direction through Hoppstädten-Weiersbach to Idar-Oberstein . In 1985, in the Oberstein district, the Nahe was built over a length of 1875 m with the Nahe High Road in order to relieve the old town of the through traffic of the federal road 41 . Down the river follow the towns of Kirn , Monzingen , Bad Sobernheim and Niederhausen as well as Bad Münster am Stein , Bad Kreuznach and Gensingen .

Finally, the Near happened - well north flowing - the Rochusberg and arrives at Bingen am Rhein , where she at Rheinknie from the south at Rhine kilometer 529.1 of the Rhine flows . The Nahe has an average water flow of 30 m³ / s here. The Nahe estuary is considered the border between the Upper and Middle Rhine .

Catchment area

The catchment area of the Nahe covers an area of ​​4065 km². It is drained over the Rhine to the North Sea

Because of this large catchment area in comparison to the length of the river, very strong floods can occur in the middle and lower reaches within a few hours , but they also drain away quickly. This can lead to discharge rates of over 1000 m³ / s in Bad Kreuznach and over 1300 m³ / s at the mouth.

The extent of the catchment area is shown on the map. Its boundaries are clockwise, starting in the east:

Tributaries

The length of the tributaries is greater than 10 km

The tributaries on the left are shown in dark, the ones on the right in light blue.

The catchment area larger than 25 km²

The tributaries on the left are shown in dark, the ones on the right in light blue.

Sortable table

Most of the tributaries of the Nahe are listed in the following table. The orographic position of the mouth, the length including the source rivers, the catchment area , the altitude of the mouth and the water body number are given .

Surname

 location

 Length
in km
 EZG
in km²
 muzzle Natural space

 GKZ

 comment
Height
in m. ü.
NHN 		place
Oberthaler Bruchbach right 0.900 approx. 2.5 km east of Selbach Leißberg in Saarland
Neunkircher Bach Left 3.500 3,944 389 Theley-
Selbacher Hochmulde Leißberg 		254-1112
Leißbach
brook from the Silzwald 		right 2.400 3, 000 at Nohfelden-Elzenberger Mühle Leißberg 254-1114
Enkersbruchbach Left 0.300 north of the Elzenberger mill 254-1115?
Kochlands-Weiher-Bach Left 0.900 254-1115?
Buckhorn right 0.800 254-1115?
Schossberggraben right 0.600 at Nohfelden- Gonnesweiler 254-1115?
Bos Left 5.800 12.634 379 in Nohfelden-Gonnesweiler 254-1116
Gonnesweiler Dörrenbach Left 1.100 northeast of Nohfelden- Gonnesweiler 254-1117?
Walhausen brook right 4.300 7.775 366 opposite Nohfelden- Türkismühle Hirsteiner Bergland
Nohfelder Kuppenland 		254-1118
Söterbach Left 9.800 31,452 365 in turquoise mill Prims-Traun-Senke
Söterner Mulde
Nohfelder Kuppenland 		254-112
Kappbach Left 4.200 3.407 358 254-1132
Pedelsbach right 1.544
Moat right 0.700 in Nohfelden 254-113?
Freisbach right 12.900 43,369 350 in Nohfelden 254-114
Kellerbach Left 2.811 3,922 344 254-1152 in Rhineland-Palatinate
Neubrücker Mühlbach Left 0.443 0.134 337 at Ellweiler -Neubrücker Mühle 254-1154 Origin: tee from Traunbach
Traunbach Left 19,183 64.671 335 at Ellweiler-Neubrücker Mühle 254-116
Obels river / Rohwies raft right 1,348 2,441 332 254-1172
Bach from the Weisenberg right 1.515 0.898 331 254-11792
Steinaubach Left 10,471 26.092 330 to Hoppstädten-Weiersbach - Neubrücke 254-118
Hoppstädter Bach Left 0.855 1.353 328 254-11912
Weiersbach right 2.171 2.306 327 254-119192
Staffelbach Left 5.292 10,439 326 to Hoppstädten-Weiersbach-Hoppstädten 254-1192
Mühlenbach Left 1.162 1.040 325 254-11992
Bach at the Mausemühle right 0.899 0.394 322 254-11994
Bach at the Stone Man right 1,833 1.666 322 254-11996
Heimbach with upper course Reichenbach right 10,451 74.136 317 in front of Heimbach -Bahnhof Heimbach (Nahe) 254-12
NN Left 0.860 1.678 300 Nohen / Hoppstädten border 254-132
Little Hohlbach right 0.473 0.332 298 towards Nohen 254-1332
Nohen Bach Left 0.569 0.333 298 in Nohen 254-1334
Hohlbach right 1.065 0.779 298 towards Nohen 254-1336
Röhmbach Left 2,615 2.765 297 in Nohen 254-134
Kippbach / Odelsgraben Left 1.216 1.147 290 254-13912
Pressure wood trench Left 0.325   289 254-13919a
Reilsbach / Landsgraben right 1.353 1.807 288 at Nohen 254-1392
Brook from the lock head / lock ditch right 0.772 0.636 284 at Kronweiler 254-1394
Schwollbach Left 14,451 66.194 283 in Kronweiler 254-14
Reibertsbach right 1.575 1.282 281 Frauenberg / Reichenbach border 254-1512
Ellenbach right 3.823 4,670 277 north of the ruins of Frauenburg 254-152
Frauenberger Bach / Selbach right 1.415 0.873 273 near Frauenberg 254-15312
Waldbach right 0.563 0.249 273 to Frauenberg 254-153192
Schachersgraben Left 0.877 271 Length: own measurement
Klausgraben right 1.122 1.032 269 254-1532
Devil's Trench Left 0.767 0.604 269 254-1534
Lambach Left 2.167 2,671 267 across from Idar-Oberstein- Hammerstein 254-154
Siesbach Left 11,348 24.825 263 on the municipality boundary from Oberbrombach to Idar-Oberstein- Enzweiler 254-156
Hasbach right 0.846 0.662 249 before Idar-Oberstein 254-1592
Idarbach Left 21,516 93.665 252 in central Idar-Oberstein 254-16 Estuary built over by the B41
Wüstlautenbach right 4,542 4,296 252 in central Idar-Oberstein 254-172 Estuary built over by the B41
Schönlauterbach right 6.165 10,028 247 in central Idar-Oberstein 254-174 Estuary built over by the B41
Seitzenbach Left 1.498 0.735 247 254-1751112 Estuary built over by the B41
Fallbach right 0.373 0.862 237 254-1751192
Kleintiefenbach right 0.753 0.687 234 254-17512
Großtiefenbach right 3.356 3.124 233 between central Idar-Oberstein and Idar-Oberstein- Nahbollenbach 254-1752
Bollenbach right 7.594 15.614 225 in Nahbollenbach 254-176
Ringelbach Left 3.227 3.791 224 across from Nahbollenbach 254-1792
Heidengraben Left 0.983 0.298 221 opposite Nahbollenbach 254-17932
Kesselgraben Left 0.542 0.518 215 opposite Weierbach 254-17934
Schnorrenbach right 2.809 2.391 215 in Weierbach 254-1794
Dickesbach right 4,515 5.648 209 in Weierbach 254-17992
Fischbach Left 21,335 97.614 208 in Fischbach 254-18
Reidenbach right 7,868 11,913 206 at Idar-Oberstein-Niederreidenbacher Hof 254-192
Bärenbach right 11.875 20.780 200 near Bärenbach 254-194
Rohrsbach Left 2.272 2,390 195 near Kirnsulzbach 254-1952
Bärenbach right 1.079 0.620 194 opposite Kirnsulzbach 254-19592
Grossbach right 15.192 41.848 189 in Kirn -ölmühle Spielmann 254-196
Hahnenbach Left 37.964 268.273 184 in the central Kirn 254-2
Heidegraben / Meckenbach right 4.825 7.431 179 to Kirn 254-32
Itzbach Left 3.018 2.740 177 254-332
Simmerbach Left 57.159 395,061 168 at the Simmerhammer ( Simmertal ) 254-4
Aresbach right 3.222 2.557 162 before Merxheim 254-512
Naugraben right 1.457 1.627 161 north of Merxheim 254-5132
Etterbach Left 3.657 4.830 160 opposite Merxheim 254-514
Albach right 5.503 8.213 160 north of Merxheim 254-516
Gaulsbach Left 12,862 44.576 156 in Monzingen 254-52
Altenberger Bach right 6,047 8,852 146 near Meddersheim 254-54
Hottenbach right 6.402 13.765 145 opposite Bad Sobernheim 254-552
Dornbach Left 6,983 10.603 142 in Bad Sobernheim 254-56
Castle moat right 1,300 3.101 141 254-5712
Botzbach Left 4,683 4,191 141 in Bad Sobernheim 254-572
Linenborn trench Left 0.917 1.554 140 east of Bad Sobernheim 254-5792
Höhnebach / Hoenerbach Left 0.698 0.720 140 east of Bad Sobernheim 254-57992
Grundbach right 5.707 10.159 137 in Staudernheim 254-58
Glan right 89.686 1220,446 131 to Staudernheim 254-6
Brühlgraben right 0.929 1.118 128 254-712
Oberstreiterbach / Oberstreiter Bach Left 2.080 2.858 128 254-714
Seibersbach Left 5,997 10,870 127 at the former station in Waldböckelheim 254-72
Eisbach / Entenbach Left 3,696 9,388 125 254-732
Hagenbach right 5.748 19.078 122 to Oberhausen an der Nahe 254-74
Trombach right 4,541 6.538 121 opposite Niederhausen 254-76
Niederhauser Wingertbach / Großbruckergraben Left 0.739 0.989 117 254-79114
Naumberger brook Left 0.628 0.618 116 254-79114
Grasbach right 3.281 2,778 110 in Bad Kreuznach - Ebernburg 254-792
Alsenz right 49.919 327.664 110 at Ebernburg 254-8
Ellerbach Left 27.245 185.998 099 in Bad Kreuznach 254-92
Winzenheimer Graben Left 1.532 2.524 096 254-932
Birnbach right 0.511 9.164 096 254-934
Appelbach right 39.631 171.252 094 near Bad-Kreuzbach- Planig 254-94
Guldenbach Left 32.689 172.463 093 to Bretzenheim 254-96
Wiesbach right 44.649 202.010 088 near Gensingen 254-98
Guldenbach Left 1.011 8.284 085 254-99192
Aspisheimerbach right 6.800 7.420 082 254-992
Trollbach Left 4,218 8.990 082 at Münster-Sarmsheim -Trollmühle 254-994
Ockenheimer Graben right 4.470 7,566 082 254-994
Sarmsheimer Graben Left 0.960 0.012 081 254-9956
Krebsbach Left 4.870 6,781 080 in Münster-Sarmsheim Waldalgesheimer Kalkmulde
Horetriegel
Outer Kreuznach loess
hill country near lowland 		254-996
Büdesheimer Graben right 3.350 5.910 080 254-9972
Mühbach Left 1.717 2.136 079 Waldalgesheimer Kalkmulde
Rochusberg breakthrough 		254-998

Reservoirs

Weir Niederhausen
  • The Kammerwoog is located directly above Idar-Oberstein. With this dam, the flow volume of the Nahe is regulated if necessary, since the river in Idar-Oberstein has only a limited level under the Nahe overbuilding.
  • The Gänsmühle in Martinstein uses the water of the slightly dammed river to generate electricity, which generates a maximum of 30 kW.
  • At Hüster's mill in Idar-Oberstein, electricity is also generated using hydropower; the power of the system is a maximum of 200 kW. The operator and the Birkenfeld district installed a fish ascent and descent aid at the weir in 2008/2009 , the first and so far the only one on the Nahe.
  • At Niederhausen, the Nahe flows through the reservoir of the same name , which is located behind a barrage and has a volume of 800,000 m³. Here, too, electricity is generated; under optimal conditions, two generators feed a total of 3200 kW into the 20 kV network.

places

The following places are on the river from the source to the mouth (with country and district ) :

Boos on the Nahe, the Nahe Valley Railway touches the place
Aerial view of Bingen; Bingen core city with Scharlachberg, Nahe with Drususbrücke, Bingerbrück

geology

Kreuznach formation in Bad Kreuznach

The valleys of the Nahe and their tributaries formed in geologically recent times as a result of an uplift of the earth's surface. This gave the waters a steeper gradient. Especially in melting periods during the ice ages, when the tundra climate prevailed here and the soil was not protected by dense vegetation, there was strong erosion due to the rapid currents of the streams and rivers. Depending on how hard the bedrock was, narrow valleys with craggy rock slopes or spacious, gently shaped valleys were created. In the Nahe area, the frequent change between the two forms is attractive. Narrow and rocky sections of the valley can be found where hard volcanic rocks stand, wide areas in the area of ​​softer sedimentary rocks. Most of the rocks belong to the geological epoch of Rotliegend at the end of the ancient world . At that time there was lively volcanism in the area of ​​the Nahe area.

Rotliegend rhyolite ("quartz porphyry") of the Saar-Nahe basin in the outcrop . Wöllstein near Bad Kreuznach, Rhineland-Palatinate

The reddish volcanic rock rhyolite weathered into relatively acidic soil in the higher-lying, more precipitous parts of the Nahe area. There the typical flora is only weakly represented. In the area around Bad Kreuznach and Bad Münster am Stein, however, there is a warm and quite dry climate in the rain shadow of the Hunsrück. There, the rhyolite provides neutral to alkaline soils during weathering, on which a “hot spot” of botanical biodiversity has developed. This is also due to the fact that the Nahe has gnawed its way through a mighty rhyolite massif and created steep rocky slopes, including the famous Rotenfels , which rises almost vertically for around 200 m and is the highest rock face in Germany outside the Alps. It presents itself as a huge natural rock garden.

View to the Gangelsberg

The more basic volcanic rock andesite , whose occurrences are spread over the entire North Palatinate Upland , also offers ideal locations for the warmth-loving flora . Several times the Nahe had to gnaw its way through andesite crossbars, which is why botanically significant rocky slopes, most of which are classified as nature reserves , accompany their course like pearls on a chain. The Hellberg near Kirn , the Flachsberg near Martinstein and the Gangelsberg near Duchroth should be mentioned.

The upper reaches of the Nahe crosses the andesite plateau of Baumholder. It was created at the time of the Rotliegend as a huge lava blanket with a diameter of around 20 km. The gem town of Idar-Oberstein lies on its edge. It is embedded in rocky slopes, which are also characterized by rich botanical occurrences. Upstream from Idar-Oberstein, the xerothermal vegetation gradually fades away as the climate there becomes cooler and more humid.

Also in the area of ​​the andesite plateau is the almost 12,000 hectare Baumholder military training area , which is an excellent nature reserve. Due to extensive driving with tracked vehicles and grazing by herds of migrating sheep, the agricultural landscape of the early 20th century was preserved there. The entry ban for military reasons guarantees particularly effective protection of fauna and flora.

flora

The gold aster

Since the 19th century, the Nahe valley and the north-eastern Palatinate uplands to the south-east of it have been the destination of domestic and foreign botanists and nature lovers. Numerous scientific and local history publications have made it known that there are large numbers of heat-loving plant species that are mainly found in southern Europe and in the steppe areas from Eastern Europe to Asia. Characteristic species include mountain alyssum ( Alyssum montanum subsp. Montanum ) Gold Aster ( Aster linosyris ) Grundblütige sedge ( Carex Halleriana ) Diptam ( Dictamnus albus ), Cheddar pink ( Dianthus grationopolitanus ) Bleicher Wallflower ( Erysimum crepidifolium ) Pale fescue ( Festuca pallens ), rock yellow star ( Gagea bohemica subsp. Saxatilis ), blue-green bedstraw ( Galium glaucum ), steppe pointed keel ( Oxytropis pilosa ), great feather grass ( Stipa pulcherrima ) and horse-tail feather grass ( Stipa tirsa ).

These plants immigrated to Europe in a post-glacial warm period. When the climate became considerably cooler and more humid afterwards, they died out again in most of Germany. They only survived in places where, due to special geographical conditions, there was still warmth and drought on a small scale, to which they are adapted. In the Nahe valley and its side valleys, these are particularly rocky slopes that face south or south-west, so that the sun's rays strike at a steep angle in summer. On hot summer days, truly steppe-like conditions develop there with soil temperatures of 60 ° C or more. But not only rocks, but also deciduous forests and bushes, which cover less rocky steep slopes, have a fairly warm and dry local climate and are suitable as habitats for warmth-loving and drought-bearing plants. Their entirety is called xerothermal vegetation .

tourism

The region known as Naheland offers a variety of tourist attractions :

  • The Nahe cycle path makes it possible to get to know the entire course of the river from its source to its mouth.
  • The landscape of the middle and lower Nahe is almost congruent with the Nahe wine-growing region , which, despite its small size, had nine German wine queens by 2017 .
  • On the heights of the Hunsrück and North Palatinate Uplands on both sides of the river are numerous castles and palaces , such as the Ebernburg , where the rebellious knight Franz von Sickingen was born in 1481 . The Disibodenberg monastery , whose ruins crown the Disibodenberg at the confluence of the Nahe and Glan rivers, was founded at the beginning of the 8th century.
  • The gemstone museum in Idar-Oberstein and the spa facilities with thermal and brine baths and the bridge houses in Bad Kreuznach , as well as the old village center of Monzingen with its historic buildings such as the Alt'schen House and other buildings worth seeing are worth a visit. The Drusus Bridge near Bingen is the oldest stone bridge of the Middle Ages in Germany; it was built in the 11th century. The Rhineland-Palatinate Open-Air Museum in Bad Sobernheim presents four villages with restored historic houses from the various regions of Rhineland-Palatinate.
  • The 202  m high and 1200 m long Rotenfels near Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg was created by the Nahe and is the largest steep face between the Alps and Scandinavia .
  • In the Soonwald 9 km north of the Nahe, around 1800 the robber Johannes Bückler , who was known under the name "Schinderhannes" , is said to have hid in the cave named after him .
  • Hahn Airport is located on the heights of the Hunsrück, exactly on the watershed of the Nahe river .
  • Worth seeing

  • Disibodenberg Monastery

  • Nature reserve between Boos and Niederhausen

  • Ebernburg, west view (2007)

  • Old Nahe bridge in Bad Kreuznach with bridge houses

  • Drusus Bridge in Bingen

  • Hahn Airport, Terminal 1 (2007)

literature

Web links

Commons : Nahe  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Topographic map 1: 25,000.
  2. ↑ a b c GeoExplorer of the Rhineland-Palatinate Water Management Authority ( information )
  3. ↑ Grolsheim gauge value increased by the area runoff of approx. 5 l / (s * km²) in the remaining catchment area of ​​54 km².
  4. ↑ a b c Rhineland Water Management Administration ( memento of the original dated February 9, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wasser.rlp.de
  5. ↑ If on the map viewer Saarland studs Born called
  6. ^ Name at the Saarland map viewer