Elections 2014
The elections and referendums listed here took place (or should take place) in 2014 .
Far from all of the elections listed took place in accordance with internationally recognized democratic standards. This list can also contain bogus elections in dictatorships without alternative candidates or elections which, based on the given political situation, are likely or clear that they were brought about through electoral fraud or without fair, equal access to the mass media for the competing candidates or parties
Events
Web links
Commons : Elections in 2014 - collection of images, videos and audio files
- Election dates for Germany
- electionguide.org
- Elections in Latin America 2014
- electionscalendar. ndi.org
- Election dates of the member countries of the European Union. German Bundestag
- ostseeparlamentariankonferenz.de
- Swiss voting dates
- Caribbean Elections
- Election dates “More Democracy” Austria
Individual evidence
- ↑ Governing party wins controversial election. In: Spiegel Online . January 6, 2014, accessed November 27, 2014 .
- ^ Felix Langhammer, Axel Gebauer: Parties boycott election in Bangladesh . In: New Germany . ( neue-deutschland.de [accessed on April 9, 2017]).
- ↑ Bangladesh. Retrieved April 9, 2017 .
- ↑ Deutschlandfunk - DLF24 news reading. Retrieved April 9, 2017 .
- ^ Latin America: Seven presidential elections in 2014 »latinapress news . In: latinapress news . January 5, 2014 ( latina-press.com [accessed April 9, 2017]).
- ^ Latin America: Seven presidential elections in 2014 »latinapress news . In: latinapress news . January 5, 2014 ( latina-press.com [accessed April 9, 2017]).
- ^ El Salvador: News, current information, background and analysis. In: amerika21. Retrieved April 9, 2017 .
- ↑ Markus Plate: Elections in El Salvador - match ball FMLN? In: Newspool Latin America e. V. ( npla.de [accessed on April 9, 2017]). Elections in El Salvador - match point FMLN? ( Memento from June 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ "There is no comparable archive in El Salvador" »Latin America News. Retrieved April 9, 2017 .
- ↑ Ex-guerrillas apologize to victims . In: Lucerne newspaper . ( Ex-guerrillero apologizes to victims ( memento of January 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed April 9, 2017]).
- ^ Moldova - A country in the shadow of the Crimean crisis . In: Deutschlandfunk . ( deutschlandfunk.de [accessed April 24, 2017]).
- ↑ Gagauzia wants to decide between East and West in a referendum. Retrieved April 26, 2017 .
- ↑ 70 percent of the population take part in referendums in Gagauzia. Retrieved April 26, 2017 .
- ^ Moldova (Moldau): Unruly Gagauzia. Peace Council, February 2, 2014, accessed April 26, 2017 .
- ↑ Moscow uses the Gagauz minority to disrupt Moldova's EU course. In: Eurasian magazine. Retrieved April 26, 2017 .
- ↑ Ukrinform news. Retrieved April 26, 2017 .
- ↑ Bangkok: Thailand elects new parliament in February. In: Zeit Online . December 9, 2013, accessed May 18, 2017 .
- ↑ Thailand: Prime Minister takes refuge in a new election . In: The press . ( diepresse.com [accessed on May 18, 2017]).
- ↑ Parliament in Thailand dissolved after protests ( Memento from February 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Astrid Frefel: Failed elections in Libya: shambles in Tripoli . In: NZZ . February 28, 2014 ( nzz.ch [accessed on May 18, 2017]).
- ↑ Armed men attack journalists. In: Spiegel Online . February 12, 2014, accessed November 27, 2014 .
- ^ Elections in Libya: Elections in Libya. In: Frankfurter Rundschau. Retrieved May 18, 2017 .
- ↑ dw.de
- ↑ Salvadorans elect new president. In: Welt Online . Retrieved August 21, 2017 .
- ↑ agencies / editorial; rufi: El Salvador confirms left-wing government - still runoff . February 3, 2014, accessed August 21, 2017 .
- ↑ Left candidate is ahead in El Salvador. Retrieved August 21, 2017 .
- ^ Grafschafter Nachrichten. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on June 26, 2015 ; accessed on August 21, 2017 (German).
- ↑ derstandard.at
- ↑ dw.de
- ↑ pressburger.eu ( Memento from February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ derstandard.at
- ↑ a b c d e f election dates. Wahlrecht.de; accessed on January 4, 2014
- ^ Parliamentary elections in Serbia on March 16. In: news.orf.at. January 29, 2014, accessed October 29, 2018 .
- ↑ dw.de
- ↑ handelsblatt.com
- ↑ salzburg24.at ( Memento from February 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ derstandard.at
- ^ Crimean parliament for connection to Russia. In: nzz.ch. March 6, 2014, accessed October 14, 2018 .
- ↑ Ukraine is threatened with secession of Crimea. In: Spiegel Online . February 27, 2014, accessed November 27, 2014 .
- ↑ stj: Ukraine crisis: EU is planned Crimean referendum "illegal". In: Focus Online . March 6, 2014, accessed October 14, 2018 .
- ↑ Travel advice for: Maldives on the website of the Swiss Department of Foreign Affairs, as of March 12, 2014, accessed on March 21, 2014
- ↑ Information on voting in the Election Guide of the International Foundation for Electoral Systems, accessed on March 21, 2014 (English)
- ↑ Election of a mayor and a referendum to plan a furniture store center /
- ↑ Dossier élections municipales 2014
- ↑ Federal Chancellery BK: Blank voting dates. Retrieved February 1, 2018 .
- ↑ nw.ch ( Memento from March 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ pressburger.eu ( Memento from February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ derstandard.at
- ↑ bernerzeitung.ch
- ↑ sta.be.ch
- ↑ bdp.info
- ↑ wamister.ch ( Memento from March 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ tagesschau.de ( Memento from September 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Andrea Spalinger: Karzai tries to be a kingmaker . In: NZZ . April 4, 2014 ( nzz.ch [accessed August 7, 2018]).
- ↑ http://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/afghanistan-wahl110.html ( Memento from April 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Costa Rica: runoff election without competition. Deutsche Welle, April 4, 2014, accessed August 7, 2018 .
- ↑ Cecibel Romero: El Salvador and Costa Rica: run-off elections for President offices . In: The daily newspaper: taz . February 3, 2014 ( taz.de [accessed August 7, 2018]).
- ↑ CostaRica-Election-President: Presidential candidate in Costa Rica does not want to go into the runoff election. In: The world. March 5, 2014, accessed August 7, 2018 .
- ↑ Costa Rica-El Salvador-Elections-President-Parliament: Costa Rica determines head of state in runoff election in April. (No longer available online.) In: Zeit Online. February 3, 2014, archived from the original on February 21, 2014 ; Retrieved February 3, 2014 .
- ^ India names general election dates. BBC News, March 5, 2014, accessed March 5, 2014 .
- ↑ News from the Vatican - All News from the Church - Vatican News. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on April 9, 2014 ; accessed on August 7, 2018 .
- ↑ Felix Langhammer, Axel Gebauer: Before the choice of the lesser evil . In: New Germany . ( neue-deutschland.de [accessed on August 7, 2018]).
- ↑ Marco Kauffmann Bossart: Indonesia is looking for a clean man . In: NZZ . April 6, 2014 ( nzz.ch [accessed on August 7, 2018]).
- ↑ Aleks: Election dates in the Republic of Macedonia in 2014. Retrieved on December 10, 2019 (German).
- ↑ Ednlich, Guinea-Bissau may choose. German wave
- ↑ EU sends election observers to the elections in Guinea-Bissau. In: Press release. European Commission, accessed December 25, 2017 .
- ↑ swissaid.ch ( Memento from April 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ un.org (PDF)
- ↑ Election observation missions (EUEOMs) - EEAS - European External Action Service. European Commission, accessed December 25, 2017 .
- ↑ afri-russ-archiv.blog.de ( Memento from April 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Reiner Wandler: Presidential election in Algeria: the carrots are cooked . In: The daily newspaper: taz . March 5, 2014 ( taz.de [accessed December 25, 2017]).
- ^ Algeria election president: Presidential election in Algeria on April 17th. In: Zeit Online . January 17, 2014, accessed December 25, 2017 . Algeria-Election-President: Presidential election in Algeria on April 17th ( Memento from December 26th 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Presidential election Algeria. In: North Africa News. Retrieved December 25, 2017 (German).
- ↑ erwaertiges-amt.de
- ↑ russland-gus.de ( Memento from December 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Early parliamentary elections in the Republic of Macedonia on April 27, 2014
- ↑ deutschlandfunk.de (only one week online)
- ↑ tagesspiegel.de
- ↑ handelsblatt.com
- ^ New parliamentary elections at the end of April 2014. In: sueddeutsche.de. November 4, 2013, accessed March 18, 2018 .
- ↑ president.gov.mt ( Memento from May 4, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ gov.mt
- ↑ europa-auf-einen-blick.de
- ↑ electionguide.org
- ^ Elections: National Assembly 2014. In: IFES Election Guide. Retrieved December 17, 2017 .
- ^ Latin America: Seven presidential elections in 2014 »latinapress news . In: latinapress news . January 5, 2014 ( latina-press.com [accessed December 17, 2017]).
- ↑ erwaertiges-amt.de
- ↑ neue-deutschland.de
- ↑ wirtschaftsblatt.at ( Memento from January 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ arte.tv ( Memento from February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ freitag.de
- ↑ erwaertiges-amt.de
- ↑ vrk.lt
- ↑ The latest developments in the news blog: NATO doubts the withdrawal of Russian troops . In: sueddeutsche.de . 2014 ( sueddeutsche.de [accessed November 20, 2017]).
- ↑ mp: "Donetsk People's Republic": Putin calls for postponement of the referendum in Eastern Ukraine. In: Focus Online . May 7, 2014, accessed October 14, 2018 .
- ↑ Ukraine referendum: Putin's diplomacy meets with skepticism. In: Zeit Online . May 8, 2014, accessed November 20, 2017 .
- ↑ Sputnik: Despite Putin's appeal: Donetsk and Lugansk refuse to postpone the referendums. Retrieved November 20, 2017 .
- ↑ ANP Agenda . In: ANP . ( zapaday.com [accessed November 20, 2017]).
- ^ Elections Calendar. Retrieved December 10, 2019 .
- ↑ deutschlandfunk.de (1 week online)
- ^ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung GmbH: Right-wing extremists in Greece: Gold becomes people. February 2, 2014, accessed November 20, 2017 .
- ↑ Fateful year for Greece. Retrieved November 20, 2017 .
- ^ Elections: President (Second Round) 2014. In: IFES Election Guide. Retrieved November 20, 2017 .
- ^ Elections Calendar. Retrieved November 9, 2017 .
- ↑ Trailer - Local Elections May 2014. Accessed November 9, 2017 (English).
- ↑ Elections . In: Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs . March 23, 2016 ( belgium.be [accessed November 9, 2017]).
- ↑ Direct elections 2014 page of the Lower Saxony election officer, accessed on May 19, 2014
- ↑ The head of the regional vote for Berlin - referendum Tempelhofer Feld 2014 - general information. Retrieved November 9, 2017 .
- ↑ Referendum THF 100%. Retrieved November 9, 2017 .
- ↑ Open space: Berlin decides on Tempelhofer Feld by referendum. In: Zeit Online . January 28, 2014, accessed November 9, 2017 .
- ↑ integrationsratswahlen-nrw.de ( Memento from May 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Right-wing extremists in Greece: Gold becomes a people. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. February 2, 2014, accessed November 9, 2017 .
- ↑ Fateful year for Greece. Retrieved November 9, 2017 .
- ↑ voxxi.com ( Memento from April 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Latin America: Seven presidential elections in 2014 »latinapress news . In: latinapress news . January 5, 2014 ( latina-press.com [accessed June 27, 2018]).
- ↑ vrk.lt
- ↑ Youth unemployment: Spaniards demonstrate against austerity programs. Retrieved August 7, 2018 .
- ↑ derstandard.at
- ↑ New school study math and listening weak. Retrieved on October 13, 2017 (German).
- ^ Elections Calendar. Retrieved June 27, 2018 .
- ↑ tagesschau.de ( Memento from April 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ russland-gus.de ( Memento from December 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Presidential election in Israel - Netanyahu wants to vote for the enemy. tagesspiegel.de, June 5, 2014
- ↑ June 12 Election Day . In: Antigua Observer Newspaper . May 16, 2014 ( antiguaobserver.com [accessed August 7, 2018]).
- ^ Attack on presidential candidate Abdullah. In: Spiegel Online . June 6, 2014, accessed November 27, 2014 .
- ^ Afghanistan determines new president in mid-June. In: Spiegel Online . May 15, 2014, accessed November 27, 2014 .
- ↑ tagesschau.de ( Memento from September 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Andrea Spalinger: Elections in Afghanistan: Karzai tries to be a kingmaker . In: NZZ . April 4, 2014 ( nzz.ch [accessed October 13, 2017]).
- ↑ tagesschau.de ( Memento from April 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ /integrationsratswahlen-nrw.de ( Memento from May 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ russland-gus.de ( Memento from December 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Elections Calendar. Retrieved October 13, 2017 .
- ↑ Presidential election in Colombia: Santos and Zuluaga have to go to the runoff. In: Zeit Online. May 26, 2014, accessed June 3, 2014 .
- ↑ tagblatt.ch
- ↑ voxxi.com ( Memento from April 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ latina-press.com
- ↑ derstandard.at Fewer voters in Libyan parliamentary elections
- ↑ srf.ch
- ↑ srf.ch
- ↑ afp.com: Libya-Election-Parliament-Conflicts: Libyans elect new parliament. In: welt.de . June 25, 2014, accessed October 7, 2018 .
- ↑ radiovaticana.va ( Memento from April 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Deutschlandfunk Sunday, June 1st, 2014 Slovenia elects new parliament on July 13th (only one week online)
- ↑ dtj-online.de
- ↑ handelsblatt.com
- ↑ deutsch-tuerkische-nachrichten.de
- ↑ AFP: Istanbul: Erdoğan speaks of the end of patience. In: Zeit Online . June 10, 2013, accessed January 9, 2014 .
- ↑ Sputnik: Abkhazia: Early presidential elections scheduled for August 24 - Republic chief Ankwab dismissed. Retrieved June 27, 2018 .
- ^ Power struggle in Abkhazia: presidential election scheduled . In: news.ORF.at . May 31, 2014 ( orf.at [accessed June 27, 2018]).
- ↑ electionguide.org
- ↑ electionguide.org
- ↑ Date for state election in Brandenburg is . Berliner Morgenpost ; Retrieved November 13, 2013.
- ↑ russland-gus.de ( Memento from December 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ dpa: United Russia: Kremlin party wins local election in Crimea. In: Zeit Online. September 15, 2014, accessed October 24, 2014 .
- ↑ sueddeutsche.de. Süddeutsche Zeitung , September 14, 2014, accessed on August 27, 2020 .
- ↑ Election campaigns, culture and a little princess. Radio Sweden, accessed September 30, 2017 .
- ↑ ndi.org
- ↑ 2014 General Election . In: Electoral Commission . ( org.nz [accessed September 30, 2017]).
- ^ Country Profile: New Zealand. In: IFES Election Guide. Retrieved September 30, 2017 (English).
- ^ State of Vorarlberg - press. Retrieved September 30, 2017 .
- ↑ http://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/senatswahlen-103.html ( Memento from September 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Country Profile: Kazakhstan. In: IFES Election Guide. Retrieved September 30, 2017 (English).
- ↑ electionguide.org
- ^ Elections: Brazil President (1st Round). In: IFES Election Guide. Retrieved October 15, 2017 .
- ↑ Country Profile: Brazil. In: IFES Election Guide. Retrieved September 30, 2017 (English).
- ^ Elections: Brazil President (1st Round). In: IFES Election Guide. Retrieved September 30, 2017 (English).
- ^ Latin America: Seven presidential elections in 2014 »latinapress news . In: latinapress news . January 5, 2014 ( latina-press.com [accessed September 30, 2017]).
- ^ Presidential Elections in Brazil: The Fear of the Left in Latin America »latinapress Nachrichten . In: latinapress news . September 25, 2014 ( latina-press.com [accessed September 30, 2017]).
- ↑ wirtschaftsblatt.at ( Memento from September 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Before the election: Brazil is slipping into recession . In: evening newspaper . ( Abendzeitung-muenchen.de [accessed September 30, 2017]).
- ↑ electionguide.org
- ↑ electionguide.org
- ↑ latina-press.com
- ↑ latina-press.com
- ↑ dw.de
- ↑ dw.de
- ↑ ndi.org
- ↑ rep-srpska.at ( Memento from October 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ kosmo.at ( Memento from October 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ pesterlloyd.net
- ↑ dpa: Local elections Hungary: Right-wing extremist Jobbik party increases significantly in the election. In: Zeit Online. October 13, 2014, accessed October 24, 2014 .
- ↑ hungarianvoice.wordpress.com
- ↑ pesterlloyd.net
- ↑ new-ungarn.de
- ↑ pesterlloyd.net
- ↑ electionguide.org
- ↑ President Rousseff has to stand in the runoff election
- ↑ electionguide.org
- ↑ latina-press.com
- ↑ latina-press.com
- ↑ wirtschaftsblatt.at ( Memento from September 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Abendzeitung-muenchen.de
- ↑ orf.at
- ^ Country Profile: Tunisia. In: IFES Election Guide. Accessed August 7, 2018 (English).
- ^ The Tunisian Parliamentary Elections: An Overview of the Major Parties . In: Heinrich Böll Foundation . ( boell.de [accessed on August 7, 2018]).
- ↑ laender-analysen.de (PDF)
- ↑ laender-analysen.de ( Memento from October 25, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Ukraine Poroshenko: Poroshenko dissolves parliament. In: Frankfurter Rundschau. Retrieved November 20, 2017 .
- ↑ voxxi.com ( Memento from April 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ latina-press.com
- ↑ Politics. Retrieved November 20, 2017 .
- ↑ derstandard.at
- ↑ Eastern Ukraine: Over 300 dead in ten days. In: kurier.at. October 31, 2014, accessed December 22, 2017 .
- ^ Elections: House of Representatives. In: IFES Election Guide. Retrieved November 20, 2017 .
- ^ Elections: Non-Voting Delegate. In: IFES Election Guide. Retrieved February 1, 2018 .
- ^ Elections: Legislature of Guam. In: IFES Election Guide. Retrieved February 1, 2018 .
- ↑ sueddeutsche.de
- ↑ wienerzeitung.at
- ↑ ioff.de ( Memento of 2 February 2014 Internet Archive )
- ↑ dw.de
- ↑ tt.com
- ↑ Vietnamese are pushing into Polish politics
- ↑ abc.net.au
- ↑ Country Profile: Solomon Islands. In: IFES Election Guide. Accessed August 7, 2018 (English).
- ↑ deutschlandfunk.de
- ↑ Thomas Fastermann: German-Chinese Society e. V. - Friends of Taiwan. In: fatzi.de. Retrieved August 7, 2018 .
- ^ Habib Toumi: Bahrain parliamentary elections on November 22 . In: GulfNews . September 23, 2014 ( gulfnews.com [accessed October 13, 2017]).
- ^ Opposition in Bahrain wants to boycott parliamentary elections. In: IRIB - The German Program. Retrieved October 13, 2017 .
- ↑ german.irib.ir
- ↑ AhlulBayt News Agenc . August 7, 2018 ( abna.ir [accessed August 7, 2018]).
- ↑ Test drilling in the Atlantic: Canaries want to vote on oil exploration . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . October 3, 2014 ( faz.net [accessed August 28, 2017]).
- ↑ Oil exploration: Canaries are planning a referendum. In: derStandard.at. Retrieved August 28, 2017 .
- ^ Parliament - TDN. Retrieved August 25, 2017 (American English).
- ↑ 106 candidates for Tonga's General Election 2014. October 24, 2014, accessed August 25, 2017 .
- ↑ Greenlanders vote on November 28th (Danish) Danmarks Radio, October 1st, 2014
- ↑ ECN: Namibia will vote on November 28th. Allgemeine Zeitung, October 1, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2014
- ↑ russland-gus.de ( Memento from December 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ voxxi.com ( Memento from April 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Elections: Parliament. In: IFES Election Guide. Retrieved August 25, 2017 .
- ^ Elections: Parliament. In: IFES Election Guide. Retrieved August 25, 2017 .
- ↑ Vice-Premier Venizelos: "Critical Moment" for Hellas . ( tagesspiegel.de [accessed on August 25, 2017]).
- ↑ Liberia votes - despite Ebola. Deutsche Welle, December 20, 2014, accessed August 25, 2017 .
- ↑ wdr.de
- ^ Elections: Senate. In: IFES Election Guide. Retrieved August 25, 2017 .
- ↑ Fewer Ebola infections: Liberia catches up with the Senate election . ( handelsblatt.com [accessed August 25, 2017]).
- ^ Runoff election for Tunisian President announced. Deutsche Welle, December 8, 2014, accessed August 25, 2017 .
- ↑ Tunisia elections. In: euronews. Retrieved August 25, 2017 .
- ↑ tagesschau.de ( Memento from November 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Tunisians apparently have to determine presidents in a runoff election. In: Spiegel Online . November 24, 2014, accessed November 27, 2014 .
- ↑ Tunisia: Presidential candidates go into the runoff election. In: Zeit Online . November 24, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2017 .
- ↑ The Central Election Commission of Uzbekistan announced the start of the election campaign for the parliamentary elections. Embassy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, accessed August 25, 2017 .
- ↑ russland-gus.de ( Memento from December 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Message from the Central Election Commission. Embassy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, accessed August 25, 2017 .
- ↑ Vice-Premier Venizelos: "Critical Moment" for Hellas . ( tagesspiegel.de [accessed on August 25, 2017]).
- ↑ russland-gus.de ( Memento from December 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Disappointment before presidential elections in Croatia. Deutsche Welle, December 27, 2014, accessed on August 12, 2017 .
- ^ Presidential elections in Croatia 2014. Accessed August 12, 2017 .
- ↑ Four candidates for the 2014 presidential election. In: Kroatien News Magazine - Current news in German. Retrieved August 12, 2017 .
- ↑ J. Barukčić: How the elections stole Christmas . In: Voice of Croatia . December 10, 2014 ( hrt.hr [accessed August 12, 2017]).
- ↑ Croatia - Veterans protest casts shadow on presidential election. In: Tiroler Tageszeitung Online. Retrieved March 5, 2020 .
- ↑ Croatia. In: derStandard.at. Retrieved August 12, 2017 .
- ^ Social democrats in Croatia in crisis. In: derStandard.at. Retrieved August 12, 2017 .
- ↑ Vice-Premier Venizelos: "Critical Moment" for Hellas . ( tagesspiegel.de [accessed on August 12, 2017]).