Washington Football Team

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Washington Football Team
Founded in 1932
playing in Landover , Maryland
Washington Football Team logo
league

National Football League (1932-present)

  • Eastern Division (1933-1949)
  • American Conference (1950–1952)
  • Eastern Conference (1953-1969)
    • Capitol Division (1967–1969)
  • National Football Conference (1970-present)
    • NFC East (1970-present)
Team colors Burgundy red, gold, white
staff
owner Daniel Snyder
General manager Scot McCloughan
Head coach Ron Rivera
Team history
  • Boston Braves (1932)
  • Boston Redskins (1933-1936)
  • Washington Redskins (1937-2019)
  • Washington Football Team (2020-present)
Nicknames
The Skins
successes
NFL Champions (5) * NFL Championships (2)
1937 , 1942
Conference winner (5)
  • NFC: 1972, 1982, 1983, 1987, 1991
Division Winner (14)
  • NFL East: 1936, 1937, 1940, 1942, 1943, 1945
  • NFC East: 1972, 1983, 1984, 1987, 1991, 1999, 2012, 2015
Play-off appearances (24)
  • NFL: 1936, 1937, 1940, 1942, 1943, 1945, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1976, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1999, 2005, 2007, 2012, 2015
Stages
The Washington Redskins cheerleaders on support in Bahrain on November 29, 2004
Uniforms

The Washington Football Team , formerly the Boston Braves , Boston Redskins, and Washington Redskins , is an American football team from Washington, DC that plays in the National Football League (NFL). You play in the National Football Conference (NFC) in the Eastern Division . The team won three Super Bowls between 1982 and 1991 with their coach Joe Gibbs and three different quarterbacks ( Joe Theismann , Doug Williams and Mark Rypien ) .

history

The Boston Braves football team was founded in 1932 and soon renamed the Boston Redskins and moved to Washington in 1937, forming today's Washington Redskins. The team of owner George Preston Marshall , who led the Redskins for 37 years, coach Ray Flaherty and the two stars Sammy Baugh (on offense as quarterback , defensive as defensive back , in special teams as punter ) and running back Cliff Battles won both the 1937 NFL Championship Game and the 1942 NFL Championship Game . But in the post-war years, the Redskins sank into mediocrity, and made headlines rather outside the field: The reason for this was the racism of owner George Preston Marshall, who only signed white players. It was not until the US Congress threatened Marshall with draconian penalties that the first black players were signed in 1962.

The play-offs were not reached again until 1971 , but even under the new quarterback Sonny Jurgensen Washington was always eliminated early. It was only with the arrival of coach Joe Gibbs (1981) that the Redskins became a top team: he built a strong offensive line around center Jeff Bostic , the guards Russ Grimm and Mark May , the tackles Joe Jacoby and George Starke and the tight ends Don Warren and Rick Walker , nicknamed "The Hogs" for their dominant line control. The Hogs kept their backs for new running back John Riggins as well as starting quarterback Joe Theismann and wide receiver Art Monk , and on the defensive cornerback Darrell Green established himself as a valuable reinforcement. Under Gibbs, the Redskins won Super Bowl XVII in January 1983 . After Theismann had to end his career after a complicated broken leg, his replacement Doug Williams won Super Bowl XXII with the Redskins in 1988 . Williams made history by becoming the first black quarterback to win the Super Bowl - for the Redskins of all people, who were once infamous for their racism. In 1992, the Redskins won the title for the third time when they beat the Buffalo Bills 37:24 in Super Bowl XXVI , this time with Mark Rypien as quarterback. After Gibbs resigned in 1993 in favor of motorsport, the Redskins sank back into mediocrity, while Joe Gibbs Racing was the NASCAR champion several times.

Since then (as of 2019) the team has reached the play-offs six times, including again with Gibbs as coach in 2005 and 2007, but always missed the conference finals. As of 2014 , Jay Gruden , brother of former head coach and Super Bowl winner Jon Gruden , was head coach of the Redskins. The season was marked by setbacks as the Redskins u. a. had to play with three starting quarterbacks . In the end the season ended with a 4–12 record. For the 2015 season Kirk Cousins ​​was appointed starting quarterback, and you could win the division after the regular season. The wild card game against the Green Bay Packers was lost 18:35. The 2016 season was characterized by the performance of the offense , as it gained more than 6,000 yards of space and eight players ran or caught more than 500 yards each. Nevertheless, they missed the play-offs with an 8–7–1 record, as they did not win against the New York Giants on the last day of the game .

For the 2018 season, after Kirk Cousins ​​left for the Minnesota Vikings, the experienced former number one draft pick Alex Smith was brought in by the Kansas City Chiefs as quarterback. However, since he was seriously injured during the season, the Redskins ended the season with a 7-9 record in third place for the NFC East and again did not take part in the playoffs.

The Redskins began the 2019 season with Case Keenum , who had been brought in by the Denver Broncos and who received a lot of praise for his strong 2017 season with the Minnesota Vikings. However, even this could not lead the game of the Redskins with the necessary stability, so they started with five games without a win. Due to this development, Coach Gruden was fired from the Redskins on October 8, 2019.

Although the Washington Redskins name and logo had been criticized for decades for being racist, the leadership held on to it for a long time, despite protests. In the wake of the social protests after the death of George Floyd in 2020, however, criticism of the team's name and logo grew again. After several major sponsors of the team had distanced themselves, the team management announced in July 2020 that the name Redskins would be dropped. This season they will appear temporarily under the name Washington Football Team until a new name is found.

title

  • NFL championships before the introduction of the Super Bowl
1937: 28:21 against the Chicago Bears
1942: 14: 6 against the Chicago Bears
XVII - 1982: 27:17 against the Miami Dolphins
XXII - 1987: 42:10 against the Denver Broncos
XXVI - 1991: 37:24 against the Buffalo Bills
  • NFC championship: 1972, 1982, 1983, 1987 and 1991

people

player

Current squad

Washington Redskins squad

Quarterbacks

Running backs

Wide receiver

Tight ends

Offensive linemen

Defensive linemen

Linebacker

Defensive backs

Special teams

Reserve List

Practice Squad

Rookies in italics

Roster as of October 3, 2019
Depth ChartTransactions

54 active, 13 inactive, 9 practice squad

Jersey numbers that are no longer assigned

Washington Redskins Retired Numbers
No. player position Period
33 Sammy Baugh QB , P 1937-1952

The Redskins have only officially withdrawn Sammy Baugh's shirt number . However, there are other numbers that have either only been unofficially withdrawn or are only rarely given. The following numbers from former Redskins players fall into this category:

Washington Redskins' unofficially retired numbers
No. player position Period annotation
7th Joe Theismann QB 1974-1985 Quarterback with most yards thrown with the Redskins
9 Sonny Jurgensen QB 1964-1974 Quarterback with the most touchdowns thrown with the Redskins
28 Darrell Green CB 1983-2002 Has played the most games for the Redskins with 295 games
42 Charley Taylor WR 1964-1977 Most captured touchdowns for the Redskins (79)
43 Larry Brown RB 1969-1976
44 John Riggins RB 1976-1979,
1981-1985
Most touchdowns run for the Redskins (79)
49 Bobby Mitchell RB 1962-1968
65 Dave Butz DT 1975-1988
70 Sam Huff LB 1985-1999
81 Art Monk WR 1980-1993 1. Wide receiver who has caught 900 passes in his career

Sean Taylor's number 21 has not been used again since his death in 2007. However, those responsible do not agree whether his number should be added to the "unofficially withdrawn" numbers. OJ Atogwe , who had always worn the number 21 in his career, changed his number out of respect for Taylor and wore the 20 at the Redskins. Joe Theismann's number 7 was no longer awarded from 1985 to 2019. Theismann agreed that the number would be reassigned to quarterback Dwayne Haskins , selected by the Redskins in the first round of the 2019 NFL Draft .

Members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame

With 33 people, the Redskins have the most members in the Hall of Fame next to the Bears . With Sammy Baugh , Earl "Curly" Lambeau and the co-founder of the Redskins George Preston Marshall , they also have three founding members in the hall. With the former General Manager Bobby Beathard , the last person who worked for the Redskins was accepted into the hall in 2018.

Sammy Baugh's jersey number is the only officially withdrawn Redskins shirt number so far.
Russ Grimm played 11 years as a guard for the Redskins.
Jason Taylor is the last player to be inducted into the Hall to play for the Redskins.
Jersey number Surname position Active for the Braves / Redskins Year of admission
33 Sammy Baugh QB 1937-1952 1963
- Earl "Curly" Lambeau Head coach 1952-1953 1963
- George Preston Marshall Owner,
founder
1932-1969 1963
- Otto Graham Head coach 1966-1968 1965
35 Bill Dudley RB 1950-51, 1953 1966
20th Cliff Battles HB 1932-1937 1968
40 Wayne Millner TE 1936-1941 1968
17th Albert Glen "Turk" Edwards T 1932-1940 1969
- Vince Lombardi Head coach 1969 1971
- Ray Flaherty Head coach 1936-1942 1976
75 Deacon Jones DE 1974 1980
70 Sam Huff LB 1964-1969 1982
9 Sonny Jurgensen QB 1964-1974 1983
49 Bobby Mitchell RB 1962-1968 1983
- Mike McCormack Assistant coach 1965-1972 1984
42 Charley Taylor WR 1964-75, 77 1984
27 Ken Houston S. 1973-1980 1986
73 Stan Jones DT 1966 1991
44 John Riggins RB 1976-1979,
1981-1985
1992
- Joe Gibbs Head coach 1981-1992,
2004-2007
1996
26th Don Shula CB 1957 1997
26th Paul Krause S. 1964-1967 1998
- George Allen Head coach 1971-1977 2002
28 Darrell Green CB 1983-2002 2008
81 Art Monk WR 1980-1993 2008
- Emmitt Thomas Assistant coach 1986-1994 2008
78 Bruce Smith DE 2000-2003 2009
68 Russ Grimm G 1981-1991 2010
55 Chris Hanburger LB 1965-1978 2011
21st Deion Sanders CB 2000 2011
89 Dave Robinson LB 1973-1974 2013
60 Dick Stanfel G 1956-1958 2016
55 Jason Taylor DE 2008 2017
- Bobby Beathard GM 1978-1989 2018

The 80 Greatest Redskins

In honor of the 70th anniversary of the Redskins on June 13, 2002, a committee selected the 70 Greatest Redskins to honor the players, coaches and officials who were instrumental in contributing to the glorious past and on site have contributed to the five championships of the Redskins. Together with a special halftime ceremony at the 26:21 victory of the Redskins over the Indianapolis Colts , they were honored between October 25 and 27, 2002 on the festival weekend.

The panel that selected the 70 consisted of former news anchor Bernard Shaw , former player Bobby Mitchell , Senator George Allen (son of coach George Allen ), radio announcer Ken Beatrice , editor of the Washington Post Noel Epstein, the former diplomat Joseph J. Sisco , Phil Hochberg, who stepped down as stadium announcer in 2001 after 38 years , Pro Football Hall of Fame historian Joe Horrigan, sports reporter George Michael , sports director Andy Pollin , NFL Films president Ed Sabol, and news anchor Jim Vance .

The list included three head coaches and 67 players, of whom 41 played in the offense , 23 in the defense and 3 in the special team .

On August 24, 2012, on the 80th anniversary of the Redskins, ten more people were added to the list ( The 80 Greatest Redskins ). Legend:

= Were 10 years later to the Greatest Redskins added
No. Surname position Period
21st Terry Allen RB 1995-98
56 LaVar Arrington LB 2000-05
41 Mike Bass CB 1969-75
20th Cliff Battles B. 1932-37
33 Sammy Baugh QB 1937-52
31 Don Bosseler FB 1957-64
53 Jeff Bostic C. 1980-93
4th Mike Bragg P 1968-79
80 Gene Brito DE 1951-53, '55-58
43 Larry Brown RB 1969-76
77 Bill Brundige DE 1970-77
65 Dave Butz DT 1975-88
21st Earnest Byner RB 1989-93
84 Gary Clark WR 1985-92
51 Monte Coleman LB 1979-94
53 Al DeMao C. 1945-53
36 Chuck Drazenovich LB 1950-59
35 Bill Dudley RB 1950-51, '53
17th Turk Edwards T 1932-40
44 Andy Farkas FB 1938-44
37 Pat Fischer CB 1968-77
28 Darrell Green CB 1983-2002
68 Russ Grimm G 1981-91
55 Chris Hanburger LB 1965-78
57 Ken Harvey LB 1994-98
56 Len Hauss C. 1964-77
75 Terry Hermeling T 1970-80
27 Ken Houston S. 1973-80
70 Sam Huff LB 1964-67, '69
66 Joe Jacoby T / G 1981-93
47 Dick James RB 1955-63
76 Jon Jansen T 1999-2008
80 Roy Jefferson WR 1971-76
9 Sonny Jurgensen QB 1964-74
22nd Charlie Justice RB 1950, '52-54
17th Billy Kilmer QB 1971-78
26th Paul Krause DB 1964-67
79 Jim Lachey T 1988-95
14th Eddie LeBaron QB 1952-53, '55-59
72 Dexter Manley DE 1981-89
71 Charles Mann DE 1983-93
58 Wilber Marshall LB 1988-92
73 Mark May T 1981-89
79 Ron McDole DE 1971-78
63 Raleigh McKenzie G 1985-94
53 Harold McLinton LB 1969-78
40 Wayne Millner DE 1936-41, '45
49 Bobby Mitchell FL 1962-68
30th Brian Mitchell RB 1990-99
81 Art Monk WR 1980-93
3 Mark Moseley K 1974-86
29 Mark Murphy S. 1977-84
21st Mike Nelms KR 1980-84
52 Neal Olkewicz LB 1979-89
23 Brig Owens DB 1966-77
26th Clinton Portis RB 2004-10
65 Vince Promuto G 1960-70
44 John Riggins RB 1976-79, '81-85
11 Mark Rypien QB 1987-93
83 Ricky Sanders WR 1986-93
60 Chris Samuels T 2000-09
76 Ed Simmons T 1987-97
87 Jerry Smith TE 1965-77
60 Dick Stanfel G 1956-58
74 George Strong T 1973-84
72 Diron Talbert DT 1971-80
42 Charley Taylor WR 1964-77
84 Hugh Taylor WR 1947-54
21st Sean Taylor S. 2004-07
7th Joe Theismann QB 1974-85
67 Rusty Tillman LB 1970-77
85 Don Warren TE 1979-92
25th Joe Washington RB 1981-84
17th Doug Williams QB 1986-89
- George Allen Head coach 1971-77
- Bobby Beathard GM 1978-89
- Joe Bugel O-Line Coach 1981-89, 2004-09
- Ray Flaherty Head coach 1936-42
- Joe Gibbs Head coach 1981-92, 2004-07
- Richie Petitbon DC 1978-92

Trainer (Head Coaches)

Lud Wray was the first head coach of the Redskins, who were still playing in Boston as the Boston Braves at the time.
George Allen was Head Coach of the Redskins from 1971 to 1977 . In 2002 he was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame .
Norv Turner coached the Redskins from 1994 to 2000 .
Jay Gruden was the head coach of the Redskins from 2014 to 2019 .
# Order of trainers
Games Play as a coach
S. Victories
N Defeats
UE draw
Won% Win rate
* Exclusively active as head coach for the Braves / Redskins
# Surname Period Regular season Play-offs Achievements / Awards reference
Games S. N UE Won% Games S. N
Boston Braves
1 Lud Wray 1932 10 4th 4th 2 .500 - - -
Boston Redskins
2 Lone Star Dietz * 1933-1934 24 11 11 2 .500 - - -
3 Eddie Casey * 1935 11 2 8th 1 .200 - - -
Washington Redskins
4th Ray Flaherty 1936-1942 78 54 21st 3 .720 4th 2 2 NFL Championships (1937, 1942)
5 Dutch Bergman * 1943 10 6th 3 1 .667 2 1 1
6th Dudley DeGroot * 1944-1945 20th 14th 5 1 .737 1 0 1
7th Turk Edwards * 1946-1948 35 16 18th 1 .471 - - -
8th John Whelchel * 1 1949 7th 3 3 1 .500 - - -
9 Herman Ball * 2 1949-1951 20th 4th 16 0 .500 - - -
10 Dick Todd * 1951 9 5 4th 0 .556 - - -
11 Curly Lambeau 1952-1953 24 10 13 1 .435 - - -
12 Joe Kuharich 1954-1958 60 26th 32 2 .448 - - - Sporting News NFL Coach of the Year (1955)
UPI AFL Coach of the Year (1955)
13 Mike Nixon 1959-1960 24 4th 18th 2 .182 - - -
14th Bill McPeak * 1961-1965 70 21st 46 3 .313 - - -
15th Otto Graham * 1966-1968 42 17th 22nd 3 .436 - - -
16 Vince Lombardi 3 1969 14th 7th 5 2 .583 - - -
17th Bill Austin 1970 14th 6th 8th 0 .429 - - -
18th George Allen 1971-1977 98 67 30th 1 .691 7th 2 5 AP NFL Coach of the Year (1971)
Pro Football Weekly NFL Coach of the Year (1971)
Sporting News NFL Coach of the Year (1971)
UPI NFC Coach of the Year (1971)
19th Jack Pardee 1978-1980 48 24 24 0 .500 - - - AP NFL Trainer of the Year (1979)
UPI NFC Trainer of the Year (1979)
20th Joe Gibbs * 1981-1992 184 124 60 0 .674 21st 16 5 AP NFL Coach of the Year (1982, 1983)
Pro Football Weekly NFL Coach of the Year (1982, 1983)
Sporting News NFL Coach of the Year (1982, 1983, 1991)
UPI NFC Coach of the Year (1982)
Super Bowl XVII , XXII and XXVI
21st Richie Petitbon * 1993 16 4th 12 0 .250 - - -
22nd Norv Turner 1994-2000 109 49 59 1 .454 2 1 1
23 Terry Robiskie 2000 3 1 2 0 .333 - - -
24 Marty Schottenheimer 2001 16 8th 8th 0 .500 - - -
25th Steve Spurrier * 2002-2003 32 12 20th 0 .375 - - -
- Joe Gibbs * 2004-2007 64 30th 34 0 .469 3 1 2
26th Jim Zorn * 2008-2009 32 12 20th 0 .375 - - -
27 Mike Shanahan 2010-2013 64 24 40 0 .375 1 0 1
28 Jay Gruden * 4 2014-2019 85 35 49 1 .418 1 0 1
29 Bill Callahan 2019 11 3 8th 0 .273 - - -
30th Ron Rivera 2020– 0 0 0 0 .000 - - -
1 Was released after seven games in 1949.
2 Was released after three games in 1951.
3 Lombardi passed away before the 1970 season began.
4th Sacked after five games in 2019.

Stadiums and spectators

season Average attendance
(home games)
Total audience
(home games)
2006 season 87,631 701.049
2007 season 88,090 704.722
2008 season 88,604 708.835
2009 season 84,794 678.352
2010 season 83.172 665.380
2011 season 76,921 615,368
2012 season 79,654 637.236
2013 season 77,220 617,767
2014 season 77,964 623.715
2015 season 76.209 609,672
2016 season 78,304 626.432
2017 season 75,175 601.405
2018 season 61,028 488.227
Season 2019 65,488 523.906

The Redskins and the former Braves played in different stadiums. In its founding year 1932 , the team played at Braves Field as the Boston Braves . The stadium, actually designed for baseball , is located in Boston , Massachusetts and has been used over the years for several other football teams ( Boston Bulldogs ( AFL, 1926 ), Boston Bulldogs ( NFL, 1929 ), Boston Shamrocks ( AFL II , 1936-1937), Boston Yanks (NFL)) also has a homestead. After a 4–4–2 season, the Braves moved to Fenway Park and changed their name to Boston Redskins . The team played there until 1936 , but then moved Washington, DC to Griffith Stadium and have since played as Washington Redskins . The baseball stadium, which was built in 1911 and was called a National Park until 1920 and was named after Clark Griffith , had seating for between 27,000 and 32,000 and was also home to the Washington Senators . After the Senators moved to Minneapolis , Minnesota , the Redskins left the stadium after 24 seasons and an 81-58-6 record in 1960 and moved to the newly built DC Stadium . On January 18, 1969, the venue was renamed the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium (RFK Stadium for short) in honor of the 1968 assassinated US Senator and presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy . The multi-purpose stadium, in which American football , baseball and soccer was played, could accommodate around 45,000 spectators during American football and baseball games. Since the stadium could not be expanded, the former owner of the Redskins Jack Kent Cooke was looking for a job for a new stadium in 1994. He found a job, which is why the Redskins moved to the newly built FedExField in the 1997 season after 266 regular season games . Between 1997 and 1999 the stadium was named after Jack Kent Cooke nor Jack Kent Cooke Stadium . After Cooke's death and the sale of the Redskins to Daniel Snyder , the latter sold the naming rights to FedEx , which pays around $ 7.6 million annually for it. Between 2004 and 2010, the FedExField had the largest stadium capacity in the NFL with over 90,000 seats. Only the newly built AT&T Stadium of the Dallas Cowboys , which can be expanded to over 100,000 seats, surpassed this size. Since 2015, the stadium has normally fit 82,000 spectators. The stadium is mainly designed for American football. However, some international soccer games have also been played. On the one hand, some games of the 1999 Women's World Cup and, on the other hand, games of the International Champions Cup were played in the stadium.

Since the team has not been very successful in recent years, the attendance at home games was only between 85 and 90 percent and thus at the bottom of the NFL. However, since FedExField is one of the largest stadiums in the NFL, the Redskins' home games still attract more spectators than other stadiums.

Balance sheets and records

Washington Redskins / Numbers and Records represents important records for the Braves / Redskins, the direct comparisons with the other American football teams, the season balances since 1932 and the first round draft picks since 1936.

Others

The name "Redskins" (dt. Redskins ) was considered controversial because it is perceived as racist by some Native Americans (similar to, for example, the Kansas City Chiefs , the Cleveland Indians or the Atlanta Braves ). The team has therefore been involved in multiple conflicts with Native Americans; for example in 1972, when a delegation tried to persuade team president Edward Bennett Williams to change his name. This attempt failed. On the other hand, removing the line “ Scalps you! “Can be obtained from the battle song of the team. In 1992, Cheyenne activist Suzan Harjo sued the use of the name (Harjo et al. V. Pro Football, Inc.), but lost in court. In a Native American survey, 81% said they had no problem with the name of the team. In late June 2017, Navajo activist Amanda Blackhorse and four other Native American plaintiffs withdrew their lawsuit against the team after the United States Supreme Court passed a 1946 rule two weeks earlier that brand names are not allowed if they are used could be perceived as offensive, had been declared unconstitutional because it would contravene the principle of freedom of expression. In 2020 the nickname was dropped.

In the television series South Park , the name discussion about the team was parodied in the first episode of the 18th season.

The Redskins, who play their home games not far from the White House of the US government, are part of the so-called "Redskins Rule". This superstition says that the outcome of any US presidential election depends on the outcome of the last Redskins home game before this election: if the Redskins win, the incumbent president or his successor remains in office, the Redskins lose, and the incumbent president is voted out of office Party successor loses. Since the Redskins moved to Washington (1937), this rule was always correct until 2000, but recently there were two exceptions ( 2004 and 2012 ). Nevertheless, the last Redskins home game before the presidential election always attracted increased media interest.

Web links

Commons : Washington Redskins  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

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  7. Kevin Patra: Dwayne Haskins gets Theismann blessing to wear No. 7 at nfl.com, May 1, 2019, accessed July 26, 2019.
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  13. Statistics by Eddie Casey . Retrieved September 10, 2015.
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  16. ^ Statistics from Dudley DeGroot . Retrieved September 10, 2015.
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  18. ^ Statistics by John Whelchel . Retrieved September 10, 2015.
  19. Statistics from Herman Ball . Retrieved September 10, 2015.
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  22. ^ Statistics from Joe Kuharich . Retrieved September 10, 2015.
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  31. statistics Richie Petitbon . Retrieved September 10, 2015.
  32. ^ Statistics from Norv Turner . Retrieved September 10, 2015.
  33. Statistics by Terry Robiskie . Retrieved September 10, 2015.
  34. ^ Statistics from Marty Schottenheimer . Retrieved September 10, 2015.
  35. Statistics by Steve Spurrier . Retrieved September 10, 2015.
  36. Statistics by Jim Zorn . Retrieved September 10, 2015.
  37. Statistics by Mike Shanahan . Retrieved September 10, 2015.
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  40. ^ Statistics from Ron Rivera . Retrieved January 11, 2020.
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  60. ^ SL Price: The Indian Wars The campaign against Indian nicknames and mascots presumes that they offend Native Americans - but do they? We took a poll, and you won't believe the results. Sports Illustrated, March 4, 2002, accessed March 23, 2018 .
  61. Lick Yourself. Retrieved July 5, 2020 .
  62. The Redskins Rule , TIME Magazine
  63. ^ Will Redskins Rule again determine outcome of presidential election? , Washington Post