1991

1991 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1991; MCMXCI
Ab urbe condita	2744
Armenian calendar	1440; ԹՎ ՌՆԽ
Assyrian calendar	6741
Baháʼí calendar	147–148
Balinese saka calendar	1912–1913
Bengali calendar	1398
Berber calendar	2941
British Regnal year	39 Eliz. 2 – 40 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar	2535
Burmese calendar	1353
Byzantine calendar	7499–7500
Chinese calendar	庚午年 (Metal Horse); 4688 or 4481; — to —; 辛未年 (Metal Goat); 4689 or 4482
Coptic calendar	1707–1708
Discordian calendar	3157
Ethiopian calendar	1983–1984
Hebrew calendar	5751–5752
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	2047–2048
- Shaka Samvat	1912–1913
- Kali Yuga	5091–5092
Holocene calendar	11991
Igbo calendar	991–992
Iranian calendar	1369–1370
Islamic calendar	1411–1412
Japanese calendar	Heisei 3; (平成３年)
Javanese calendar	1923–1924
Juche calendar	80
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar	4324
Minguo calendar	ROC 80; 民國80年
Nanakshahi calendar	523
Thai solar calendar	2534
Tibetan calendar	阳金马年; (male Iron-Horse); 2117 or 1736 or 964; — to —; 阴金羊年; (female Iron-Goat); 2118 or 1737 or 965
Unix time	662688000 – 694223999

1991 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1991; MCMXCI
Ab urbe condita	2744
Armenian calendar	1440; ԹՎ ՌՆԽ
Assyrian calendar	6741
Baháʼí calendar	147–148
Balinese saka calendar	1912–1913
Bengali calendar	1398
Berber calendar	2941
British Regnal year	39 Eliz. 2 – 40 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar	2535
Burmese calendar	1353
Byzantine calendar	7499–7500
Chinese calendar	庚午年 (Metal Horse); 4688 or 4481; — to —; 辛未年 (Metal Goat); 4689 or 4482
Coptic calendar	1707–1708
Discordian calendar	3157
Ethiopian calendar	1983–1984
Hebrew calendar	5751–5752
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	2047–2048
- Shaka Samvat	1912–1913
- Kali Yuga	5091–5092
Holocene calendar	11991
Igbo calendar	991–992
Iranian calendar	1369–1370
Islamic calendar	1411–1412
Japanese calendar	Heisei 3; (平成３年)
Javanese calendar	1923–1924
Juche calendar	80
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar	4324
Minguo calendar	ROC 80; 民國80年
Nanakshahi calendar	523
Thai solar calendar	2534
Tibetan calendar	阳金马年; (male Iron-Horse); 2117 or 1736 or 964; — to —; 阴金羊年; (female Iron-Goat); 2118 or 1737 or 965
Unix time	662688000 – 694223999

Centuries:	19th century · 20th century · 21st century
Decades:	1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s
Years:	1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.

Events

January

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January 4 - The United Nations Security Council votes unanimously to condemn Israel's treatment of the Palestinians.
January 10 - The SA State Government is forced to bail out the State Bank.
January 11 - The Soviets storm Vilnius to stop Lithuanian independence.
January 12 - Gulf War: The U.S. Congress passes a resolution authorizing the use of military force to liberate Kuwait.
January 13 - Soviet troops assault the Vilnius TV tower in Lithuania and kill 14 unarmed civilians; many more are injured.
January 13 - A fight and stampede at a pre-season exhibition match between South African football teams Chiefs and Pirates in the town of Orkney near Johannesburg, South Africa leaves 42 dead.
January 14 - Three PLO guerilla chiefs are assassinated in Tunis.
January 16 - US serial killer Aileen Wuornos confesses to the murders of 6 men.
January 16 - Gulf War: Operation Desert Storm begins with air strikes against Iraq.
January 17 - Gulf War: Iraq fires 8 Scud missiles into Israel.
January 17 - Harald V becomes King of Norway on the death of his father, Olav V.
January 18 - Eastern Air Lines shuts down after 62 years, citing financial problems.
January 26 - Somalia President Siad Barre flees his compound in Mogadishu.
January 27 - The New York Giants defeat the Buffalo Bills, 20-19, in Super Bowl XXV.
January 29 - Siad Barre is succeeded by Ali Mahdi Muhammad in Somalia.

February

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File:Highway of death.jpg

The Highway of Death, U.S. military decimates the Iraqi Army as it retreats from Kuwait.

February 5 - A Michigan court bars Dr. Jack Kevorkian from assisting in suicides.
February 7 - Haiti's first democratically-elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, is sworn in.
February 7 - The IRA launches a mortar attack on 10 Downing Street during a cabinet meeting.
February 9 - Voters in Lithuania support independence.
February 11 - UNPO, the Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organization, forms in the Hague, Netherlands.
February 13 - Gulf War: Two laser-guided "smart bombs" destroy an underground bunker in Baghdad, killing hundreds of Iraqis. Iraqi officials claim that the bunker was a bomb shelter, but United States military intelligence identified it as a military facility.
February 15 - The Visegrad Agreement, establishing cooperation to move toward free-market systems, is signed by the leaders of Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland.
February 16 - Gulf War: American and British war planes bomb the suburbs of Baghdad, injuring at least 11 civilians and killing 3 others.
February 18 - The IRA explodes bombs in the early morning at both Paddington station and Victoria station in London.
February 22 - Gulf War: Iraq accepts a Russian-proposed cease fire agreement. The U.S. rejects the agreement, but said that retreating Iraqi forces would not be attacked if they left Kuwait within 24 hours.
February 23 - Gulf War: Ground troops cross the Saudi Arabian border and enter Kuwait, thus starting the ground phase of the war.
February 23 - Thailand: General Sunthorn Kongsompong leads a bloodless coup d'état, deposing Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan.
February 25 - Gulf War: Part of an Iraqi Scud missile hits an American military barracks in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia killing 29 and injuring 99 U.S. soldiers. It is the single, most devastating attack on U.S. forces during that war.
February 26 - Gulf War: On Baghdad radio, Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein announces the withdrawal of Iraqi troops from Kuwait. Iraqi soldiers set fire to Kuwaiti oil fields as they retreat.
February 27 - Gulf War: Kuwait is liberated, and a ceasefire is declared, after 100 hours of ground fighting. Iraq accepts the terms of the ceasefire, which call for the country to disarm.

March

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March-April - Iraqi forces suppress rebellions in the southern and northern parts of the country, creating a humanitarian disaster on the borders of Turkey and Iran.
March 1 - The ballistic missile submarine USS-ex-Sam Houston SSBN-609 is deactivated.
March 1 - Clayton Keith Yeutter finishes as the United States Secretary of Agriculture.
March 3 - An amateur video captures the beating of Rodney King by Los Angeles police officers.
March 3 - Latvia and Estonia vote to become independent of the Soviet Union.
March 4 - The most primitive form of the World Wide Web goes online.
March 4 - In Iraq, Saddam Hussein releases 6 U.S., 3 British and 1 Italian prisoner of war.
March 4 - Sheik Saad Al-Abdallah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, the Prime Minister of Kuwait, returned to his country for the first time since Iraq's invasion.
March 4 - Vermont celebrates its bicentennial statehood.
March 9 - Massive demonstrations are held against Slobodan Milošević in Belgrade; 2 people are killed and tanks are in the streets.
March 10 - Gulf War: Operation Phase Echo - 540,000 American troops begin to leave the Persian Gulf.
March 11 - A curfew is imposed on black townships in South Africa after fighting between rival political gangs kills 49.
March 13 - The United States Department of Justice announces that Exxon has agreed to pay $1 billion for the clean-up of the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska.
March 14 - After 16 years in prison for allegedly bombing a pub in an Irish Republican Army attack, the "Birmingham Six" are freed when a court determines that the police fabricated evidence.
March 15 - Four Los Angeles, California police officers are indicted for the videotaped March 3, 1991 beating of motorist Rodney King during an arrest.
March 15 - Germany formally regains complete independence after the four post-World War II occupying powers (France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union) relinquish all remaining rights.
March 31 - Albania has the first multi-party elections.

April

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April 3 - Iraq disarmament crisis: The U.N. Security Council passes the Cease Fire Agreement, Resolution 687. The resolution calls for the destruction or removal of all of Iraq's chemical and biological weapons, all stocks of agents and components, and all research, development, support and manufacturing facilities for ballistic missiles with a range greater than 150km and production facilities; and for an end to its support for international terrorism. Iraq accepts the terms of the resolution on April 6.
April 4 - Senator John Heinz of Pennsylvania and six others are killed when a helicopter collides with their plane over Merion, Pennsylvania.
April 9 - The Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia declares independence.
April 10 - A rare tropical storm develops in the Southern Hemisphere off the coast of Angola (the first of its kind to be documented by satellites).
April 14 - In the Netherlands, thieves steal 20 paintings worth $500 million from the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. Less than an hour later they are found in an abandoned car near the museum.
April 17 - After approaching 3,000 in July 1990, the Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 3,000 for the first time ever, closing at 3,004.46.
April 18 - Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq declares some of its chemical weapons and materials to the UN, as required by Resolution 687, and claims that it does not have a biological weapons program.
April 26 - Seventy tornadoes break out in the central United States, killing 17. The most notable tornado of the day strikes Andover, Kansas. (see Andover, Kansas Tornado Outbreak)
April 29 - A tropical cyclone hits Bangladesh, killing an estimated 138,000 people.

May

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May 15 - Édith Cresson becomes France's first female premier.
May 16 - HM Queen Elizabeth II gives a speech to the U.S. Congress.
May 26 - In Thailand, a Lauda Air Boeing 767 crashes near Bangkok, killing all 223 people on-board.

June

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File:Byeltsin.jpg

Boris Yeltsin

June 3 - Mount Unzen erupts, killing 43 people as a result of pyroclastic flow (the victims are all either volcanologists or journalists).
June 5 - Phil Zimmermann releases PGP v1.0, the first freely available strong cryptography.
June 12 - Boris Yeltsin is elected President of Russia, the largest and most populous of the fifteen Soviet republics.
June 13 - A spectator is killed by lightning at the U.S. Open [1].
June 15 - Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Philippines.
June 17 - Apartheid: The South African Parliament repeals the Population Registration Act, which had required racial classification of all South Africans at birth.
June 17 - U.S. President Zachary Taylor is exhumed to discover whether or not his death was caused by arsenic poisoning, instead of acute gastrointestinal illness; no trace of arsenic is found.
June 23-June 28 - Iraq disarmament crisis: U.N. inspection teams attempt to intercept Iraqi vehicles carrying nuclear related equipment. Iraqi soldiers fire warning shots in the air to prevent inspectors from approaching the vehicles.
June 25 - Croatia and Slovenia declare their independence from Yugoslavia.

July

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July 1 - The Warsaw Pact is officially dissolved at a meeting in Prague.
July 7 - The Brioni Agreement ends the ten day war in Slovenia.
July 10 - Boris Yeltsin begins his 5-year term as the first elected president of Russia.
July 11 - A total Solar Eclipse is seen in(Hawaii, Mexico, Central America, Colombia and Brazil).
July 22 - Mike Tyson is arrested and charged with raping Desiree Washington, a Miss Black America contestant, 3 days earlier.
July 22 - Serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer is arrested after the remains of 11 men and boys are found in his Milwaukee, Wisconsin apartment. They soon found out that he is involved in 6 more murders.
July 24 - The government of India announces its New Industrial Policy, marking the start of India's economic reforms.
July 26 - Paul Reubens (aka Peewee Herman) is arrested in a theater for fondling himself.

August

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File:KGB Statue.jpg

The Statue of Felix Dzerzhinsky, founder of the KGB, is torn down in Moscow, signalling the Collapse of the Soviet Union.

August 6 - Tim Berners-Lee releases files describing his idea for the "World Wide Web."
August 7 - Shapour Bakhtiar, former prime minister of Iran, is assassinated.
August 8 - The Warsaw radio mast, the tallest construction ever built, collapses.
August 13 - The Super Nintendo Entertainment System is released in the United States.
August 17 - Strathfield Massacre: (Sydney, Australia) - Taxi driver Wade Frankum shoots 7 people and injures 6 others before turning the gun on himself.
August 19 - Collapse of the Soviet Union: Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev is put under house arrest while vacationing in the Crimea. The putsch is led by 8 high-ranking hard-liners led by Vice President Gennady Yanayev, and will collapse in less than 72 hours.
August 20 - Collapse of the Soviet Union: Estonia declares its independence from the Soviet Union, and more than 100,000 people rally outside the Soviet Union's parliament building protesting the coup that deposed President Mikhail Gorbachev.
August 21 - Collapse of the Soviet Union: Latvia declares its independence from the Soviet Union.
August 24 - Ukraine declares independence from Soviet Union.
August 25 - Student Linus Torvalds posts messages to a Usenet newsgroup. comp.os.minix about the new operating system kernel he has been developing
August 25 - Michael Schumacher makes his Formula 1 debut in the Belgian Grand Prix.
August 27 - Moldova declares independence from the Soviet Union.
August 29 - Maronite general Michel Aoun leaves Lebanon via a French ship into exile.
August 31 - Kyrgyzstan declares independence from the Soviet Union.
August 31 - Uzbekistan declares independence from the Soviet Union.

September

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September 2 - The United States recognizes the independence of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
September 3 - In Hamlet, North Carolina, a grease fire breaks out at the Imperial Foods chicken processing plant, killing 25 people.
September 5-September 7 - At the 35th Annual Tailhook Symposium in Las Vegas, 83 women and 7 men are assaulted.
September 6 - The Soviet Union recognizes the independence of the Baltic States.
September 6 - The name Saint Petersburg is restored to Russia's second-largest city, which had been renamed Leningrad in 1924.
September 8 - The Republic of Macedonia becomes independent.
September 15 - The C-17 Globemaster III flys for the first time, regarded by many in the industry as the best, safest and most capable aircraft in the history of aviation.
September 21 - Major earthquake killed multiple people in Taiwan.
September 21 - Armenia declares independence from the Soviet Union.
September 21 - September 30 - Iraq disarmament crisis: IAEA inspectors discover files on Iraq's hidden nuclear weapons program. Iraqi officials confiscate documents from UN weapons inspectors, and refuse to allow them to leave the site without turning over other documents. A 4-day standoff ensues. Iraq permits the team to leave with the documents after a statement from the UN Security Council threatens enforcement actions.
September 22 - The Dead Sea Scrolls are made available to the public for the first time, by the Huntington Library.
September 30 - Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide is removed from power.

October

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October 2 - Arkansas Governor William J. Clinton announces he will seek the 1992 Democratic Party nomination for President of the United States.
October 8 - The Croatian Parliament cuts all remaining ties with Yugoslavia.
October 11 - In Russia, the KGB is replaced by the SVR.
October 11 - Iraq disarmament crisis: The U.N. Security Council passes Resolution 715, which demands that Iraq "accept unconditionally the inspectors and all other personnel designated by the Special Commission". Iraq rejects the resolution, calling it "unlawful".
October 12 - Askar Akayev, previously chosen President of Kyrgyzstan by republic's Supreme Soviet, is confirmed president in an uncontested poll.
October 14 - Bulgarians celebrate the end of the rule of the Communist Party.
October 15 - Following a bitter confirmation hearing that involved allegations of sexual misconduct, the United States Senate votes 52-48 to confirm Judge Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court of the United States.
October 16 - George Hennard guns down 24 people in Texas.
October 19 - A 7.0 Richter Scale earthquake hits Northern Italy; 2,000 dead.
October 20 - The Oakland Hills firestorm kills 25 and destroys 3,469 homes and apartments.
October 27 - The first free parliamentary elections are held in Poland.
October 27 - Turkmenistan declared its independence from the USSR.
October 27 - The Minnesota Twins win the World Series.
October 29 - The American Galileo spacecraft makes its closest approach to 951 Gaspra, becoming the first probe to visit an asteroid.

November

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November 2 - Australia beats England 12-6 at Twickenham Stadium to lift the Rugby World Cup.
November 4 - Ronald Reagan's presidential library opens in Simi Valley.
November 5 - The body of publishing tycoon Robert Maxwell is found floating in the Atlantic Ocean - he had fallen off his yacht near the Canary Islands.
November 5 - David Duke, a white supremacist running as a Republican, loses the Louisiana Governor's race to Democratic candidate Edwin Edwards, by an overwhelming margin.
November 7 - Los Angeles Lakers point guard Magic Johnson announces that he has HIV, effectively ending his career in the NBA.
November 6 - The KGB officially stops operations.
November 7 - The last oil well fire is put out in Kuwait.
November 7 - The first report on Carbon nanotubes is published by Sumio Iijima in the journal Nature.
November 14 - American and British authorities announce indictments against 2 Libyan intelligence officials, in connection with the downing of the Pan Am Flight 103.
November 14 - Cambodian Prince Norodom Sihanouk returns to Phnom Penh after 13 years of exile.
November 18 - Shiite Muslim kidnappers in Lebanon set Anglican Church envoys Terry Waite and Thomas Sutherland free.
November 18 - Serb troops take Vukovar after a siege of 87 days.
November 23 - Freddie Mercury, lead singer of the band Queen, issues a public statement confirming that he has AIDS.
November 24 - Freddie Mercury dies in his sleep just 24 hours after announcing that he had AIDS.
November 27 - The United Nations Security Council unanimously adopts a resolution opening the way to the establishment of peacekeeping operations in Yugoslavia.
November 29 - The Federal Yugoslavian Army begins to withdraw from Zagreb.

December

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December 1 - Collapse of the Soviet Union: Ukrainians vote overwhelmingly for independence from the Soviet Union in a referendum.
December 4 - Journalist Terry Anderson is released after 7 years' captivity as a hostage in Beirut (he was the last and longest-held American hostage in Lebanon).
December 4 - Pan American World Airways ends operations.
December 8 - Leaders of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine meet and sign an agreement ending the Soviet Union and establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), in the Belovezhskaya Pushcha Nature Reserve in Belarus.
December 8 - A referendum on the constitution of Romania is accepted as valid.
December 12 - The Russian SFSR ceases to be a part of the Soviet Union.
December 15 - The Egyptian ferry Salem Express sinks in the Red Sea, killing more than 450.
December 19 - Paul Keating replaces Bob Hawke as Australian prime minister.
December 25 - Mikhail Gorbachev resigns as president of the Soviet Union.
December 26 - The Supreme Soviet meets and formally dissolves the Soviet Union.
December 31 - The Soviet Union officially ceases to exist.

Undated events

University of South Australia founded.
Impostor James Hogue exposed in Princeton University
Milo Kirk elected president of Mothers Against Drunk Driving.
Winter - Centennial of Basketball
Ely Petrol Riots

Births

January-May

January 8 - Asuka Hinoi, Japanese singer
January 15 - Rubab Raza, Pakistan swimmer
January 19 - Erin Sanders, American actress
January 21 - Paige and Ryanne Kettner, American actresses
January 21 - Brittany Tiplady, Canadian actress
February 10 - Emma Roberts' American actress
February 16 - Princess Alexandra of Luxembourg, royalty
February 17 - Bonnie Wright, English actress
February 18 - Malese Jow, American actress
March 4 - Diandra Newlin, American actress, singer, model
March 8 - Devon Werkheiser, American actor
March 23 - George William Carnegie, British noble
March 26 - Brittney Wilson, Canadian actress
March 28 - Amy Bruckner, American actress
April 4 - Jamie Lynn Spears, American actress and singer
April 10 - Sergiusz Zymelka, Polish actor
April 10 - AJ Michalka, American singer and actress
April 20 - Thomas Curtis, American actor
April 27 - Rebecca Ryan, British actress
May 17 - Daniel Curtis Lee, American actor
May 21 - Sarah Ramos, American actress
May 25 - Julianna Rose Mauriello, American stage actress
May 28 - Kristen Alderson, American actress

June-December

June 4 - Jordan Hinson, American actress
June 18 - Willa Holland, American model
June 27 - Madylin Sweeten, American actress
July 5 - Jason Dolley, American actor
July 6 - Victoire Thivisol, French actress
July 7 - Devon Alan, American actor
July 9 - Mitchel Musso, American actor
July 12 - Erik Per Sullivan, American actor
July 14 - Lewis McGibbon, British actor
August 28 - Kyle Massey, American actor
August 30 - Lauren Hartley, British actress
September 4 - Carter Jenkins, American actor
September 5 - Skandar Keynes, British actor
September 21 - Zoe Weizenbaum, American actress
October 19 - Christopher Gerse, American actor
November 6 - Camila Finn, Brazilian model
December 9 - Prince Joachim, Archduke of Austria-Este, Belgian Prince
December 13 - Jay Greenberg, American music composer
December 19 - Declan Galbraith, British singer

For more musicians born in 1991, see 1991 in music.

Deaths