European People's Party

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European People's Party
Party leader	Donald Tusk
Secretary General	Antonio López-Istúriz White
founding	1976
Headquarters	Rue du Commerce Handelsstraat 10 B-1000 Brussels
Youth organization	Youth of the European People's Party (YEPP)
Affiliate foundation	Wilfried Martens Center for European Studies
Alignment	Christian Democracy European Federalism Conservatism Social Market Economy
Colours)	blue and orange
Parliament seats	181/705
Government grants	€ 8,683,552 (2016, preliminary)
International connections	CDI , IDU
EP Group	EPP
Website	www.epp.eu

The European People's Party ( EPP ; French Parti populaire européen , PPE, English European People's Party , EPP ) is a European political party made up of Christian-Democratic and bourgeois-conservative to national -conservative - right-wing populist member parties in the European Union . In addition, parties outside the Union belong to the EPP as associate or observing members. From the German-speaking area, the CDU and the CSU from Germany , the ÖVP from Austria , the CSV from Luxembourg and the CSP from Belgium are members of the EPP; the Swiss CVP is an associate member and the South Tyrolean People's Party has observer status.

The EPP was founded in 1976 by mainly Christian-democratic parties. It takes the form of an international non-profit association under Belgian law. The EPP is one of three European regional departments of the International Democratic Union (IDU) .

In the European Parliament , the EPP with the Group of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats) since 1999 biggest fraction . The EPP Group currently has 187 MEPs, including some who do not belong to the EPP (as of February 1, 2020). There are also EPP political groups in the Committee of the Regions of the EU and in parliamentary assemblies in other transnational organizations such as the Council of Europe , the OSCE or NATO . In the 2014–2019 legislative period, the EPP has 14 members of the European Commission (including the Commission President ) and the President of the European Council .

history

Origins

Congress in Warsaw , 2009

The origins of the EPP can be traced back to the Secretariat International des partis démocratiques d'inspiration chrétienne , an association of Christian, mainly Catholic parties founded in 1925.

The Nouvelles Equipes Internationales (NEI) can be regarded as the predecessor organization . The pro-European organization was founded in 1947 by Western European Christian Democratic, predominantly Catholic, parties and Christian Democratic groups in exile from the Eastern Bloc countries. From it emerged in 1965 the European Union of Christian Democrats (EUCD), which, unlike the EPP, also included parties from non-EC countries and which finally merged with the EPP in 1998.

Another origin of the EPP lies in the Christian Democrats group in the European Parliament. This existed since 1952 and was renamed the EPP Group in 1978.

founding

On July 8, 1976, the European People's Party was founded in Luxembourg and the Belgian Leo Tindemans was elected its first president. In 1978 the 1st EPP Congress took place in Brussels , where the political program was adopted. The founding members were CDU and CSU, PSC and CVP ( Belgium ), CDS ( France ), Fine Gael ( Ireland ), DC and SVP ( Italy ), CSV (Luxembourg) and KVP , CHU and ARP ( Netherlands , today in the Christian Democratic Appèl (CDA) united).

From the outset, the German Union parties wanted to keep the organization open to conservative parties that did not see themselves as Christian Democrats. In Great Britain or Scandinavia, the word “Christian” in the party name could be misunderstood as meaning “clerical” or “papist”. The Belgian, Dutch and Italian member parties insisted, however, that the long form "European People's Party - Federation of Christian Democratic Parties of the European Community" was agreed. Although the CDU and CSU were the most important, if not dominant, members of the EPP, from 1978 onwards they worked in parallel in the competing European Democratic Union of conservative (non-Christian Democratic) parties, which included the British Tories . The ideological differences were not a problem for the Union parties, which from the beginning had a conservative and a liberal wing in addition to a Christian Democratic wing and were relatively strongly oriented towards the market economy. The Christian Democrats and Christian Socials in the Benelux countries and Italy, on the other hand, were more strongly positioned in terms of the welfare state.

Direct elections to the European Parliament

Before the first direct election to the European Parliament in 1979, the election platform was adopted at the II Congress. The EPP won 107 of the 419 seats in parliament. When Greece joined the European Community in 1981, the number of seats in the European Parliament increased to 434 and the number of members belonging to the EPP to 117. In 1983 the secretariats of the EUCD and the EPP in Brussels were merged and the German one CDU politician Thomas Jansen elected Secretary General of the EPP and the EUCD.

At the 5th Congress in Rome in 1984 , the party passed the action program for the second direct election to the European Parliament. The EPP won 110 seats in the second directly elected legislature. The Dutch Piet Bukman ( Christen-Democratisch Appèl ) was elected in 1985 to succeed Leo Tindemans, who had held the office of President since the EPP was founded.

In 1986 Spain and Portugal joined the European Community and the number of seats in the European Parliament increased to 518. The Portuguese CDS , the Spanish PDP (later renamed Democracia Cristiana), the Catalan UDC and the Basque PNV (Basque Nationalists) became members the EPP. As a result, the EPP Group in Parliament increased by 9 MEPs to a total of 118 members. In March 1986 a French MEP joined the group with 119 members. Jacques Santer was elected President of the EPP in 1987. The work program “On the People's Side” was adopted at the VII Congress of the EPP in Luxembourg.

Ideological opening and expansion of membership

After the third direct election to the European Parliament in June 1989, the Spanish parliamentarians of the Partido Popular (PP) joined the EPP group. Former Belgian Prime Minister Wilfried Martens was elected President of the EPP in 1990. The EPP program for the European Union was adopted at the 8th Congress in Dublin . In the years that followed, the EPP opened up to center-right parties that were not actually Christian-Democratic. This was facilitated by the disappearance of the Italian Democrazia Cristiana, up until then one of the largest member parties, which had always insisted on the ideological homogeneity of the EPP and had opposed a broad expansion, as desired by the German Union parties under Chancellor Helmut Kohl . The latter now prevailed, and EPP President Martens was in favor of opening up the party. The Spanish Partido Popular became a member of the EPP in 1991 - against the resistance of the Basque and Catalan Christian Democrats - as the first party that did not really belong to the Christian Democracy (it had a Christian Democratic wing, but also a liberal and conservative wing and a post-Francoist tradition) . The Austrian People's Party , the Swedish KDS and the Maltese Partit Nazzjonalista were approved as associate members of the EPP.

In 1992 the MEPs of the European Democrats (especially the conservative parties from Great Britain and Denmark ) decided to join the EPP Group as associate members. This grew to 162 members and was renamed the Group of the European People's Party and European Democrats (EPP-ED). Conservative parties from Scandinavia were invited in 1993 as permanent observers of the EPP. The action program “Europe 2000 - Unity and Diversity” for the fourth legislative term of the European Parliament was adopted at the 10th Congress in Brussels. The Portuguese CDS , however, was excluded because it rejected the Maastricht Treaty and also failed to pay its contributions.

With the expansion of membership, the EPP moved to the right on economic policy issues, as, for example, the German CDU-CSU and the newly admitted Spanish PP (which immediately became the second largest member party) and Swedish Moderata samlingspartiet (MS) like the British Conservatives, state intervention in the market rather opposed, while the more welfare state Christian Democrats in Italy and the Benelux countries were weakened. At the same time, the Swedish MS represented significantly different positions on questions of bioethics than the classic Christian Democratic parties from Catholic countries.

After the founding of the Committee of the Regions in 1994 as the new institution of the European Union, the EPP Group was formed within the Council of the Regions with 85 members under the chairmanship of the Belgian Jos Chabert . The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland and the Cypriot Dimokratikos Synagermos were admitted as associate members. The EPP won 125 seats in the European Parliament elections in June. By integrating similarly thinking conservative parliamentarians from Great Britain, Denmark and French liberals , the EPP group grew to a total of 157 members. The German Klaus Welle was elected Secretary General of the EPP and EUCD.

The Finnish Kansallinen Kokoomus , the Swedish Moderata Samlingspartiet and Kristdemokratiska Samhällspartiet , the Danish Conservative People's Party , the Austrian People's Party , the two Italian parties Centro Cristiano Democratico (CCD) and Cristiani Democratici Uniti (CDU) became full members and the Norwegian Høyre an associated member of the EPP. The European Union of Seniors (ESU) was also founded in 1995. The European Small and Medium Entrepreneurs Union (SME UNION) was founded in 1996 (and dissolved in 2012). In February, seven parties from Central and Eastern Europe became candidates for observer status. The EUCD, which had shared the office and the Secretary General with the EPP for many years, was finally merged with the EPP in 1998.

In 1998, the Forza Italia MEPs , who had previously formed their own parliamentary group in the EP, joined the EPP group. Against the admission of Forza Italia, the Athens Group formed from Irish, Italian, Belgian, Dutch, Luxembourg, Basque and Catalan Christian Democrats, who, under the leadership of John Bruton, wrote a “preservation of Christian democratic identity” on the flag. But she soon disappeared again. On the XIII. At the 1999 congress in Brussels , the action program for 1999 to 2004 with the title “On the way into the 21st century” was adopted. Alejandro Agag was elected Secretary General of the EPP and the EUCD as the successor to Klaus Welle , who was appointed Secretary General of the EPP Group in Parliament.

In response to the ÖVP-FPÖ coalition in Austria, some EPP European parliamentarians founded the Schuman Group to defend traditional Christian democratic values on the initiative of François Bayrou . The Belgian, French and Italian member parties as well as Spain’s Prime Minister José María Aznar have even called for the ÖVP to be excluded from the EPP. On October 10, 2000, Wilfried Martens was elected President and Alejandro Agag General Secretary of the Christian Democratic International. This year the status of associate member was given to the Latvian Tautas Partija , the Slovakian SMK-MKP, the Czech US and the Hungarian FKGP and FIDESZ-MPP. At the XIV EPP Congress in January 2001 in Berlin , the basic document “A Union of Values” was adopted. The Hungarian MDF became an associate member, the Italian UDEUR and the French RPR became full members.

In March 2002, the Political Bureau accepted the proposal to replace Alejandro Agag with Antonio Lopez-Isturiz as General Secretary, which it did. The EPP group for the European Constitutional Convention was founded on the proposal of Wilfried Martens. The Swiss Evangelical People's Party and the Slovak KDH were granted the status of associate members. The Slovak SDKÚ was admitted as an observer. In October on the XV. Congress in Estoril adopted the congress document “The Constitution for a Strong Europe” ( Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe ). At this congress, the amalgamation of EPP and EDU was completed, the latter had already become practically obsolete after the EPP was opened to non-Christian Democratic parties and had recently shared almost all members with it.

The French UDF and the Italian La Margherita , successor parties to the EPP founders Democrazia Cristiana and CDS, left the EPP in 2004 and founded the European Democratic Party (EDP) under the leadership of François Bayrou and Francesco Rutelli . They claimed that the EPP had opened up too far to the right and moved away from its European-federalist positions. After the European elections in 2004, the EDP formed a group with the Liberals under the name Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE).

After the European elections in 2009 , the members of the ED left the joint group and founded the new group of European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR), so that the European People's Party once again formed the EPP group alone . In addition, the only MP elected to the European Parliament for the Hungarian MDF party joined the ECR, whereupon this party was expelled from the EPP.

Crisis over the Hungarian Fidesz

The dispute over possibly illegal measures by the Hungarian Fidesz by Prime Minister Viktor Orbán in the run-up to the 2019 European elections led to tensions in the EPP. On the one hand, the EPP hesitated for years to deal with the European Parliament's procedure to suspend Hungary's EU membership for violations of the fundamental values ​​of the European Union , on the other hand, said Jean-Claude Juncker , President of the European Commission and prominent EPP member : "I think his place [Fidesz] is not in the European People's Party." Manfred Weber , the EPP's top candidate for the 2019 European elections, tried unsuccessfully at the beginning of March 2019 with an ultimatum from Viktor Orbán to force concessions, including leaving the University of Billionaire George Soros in Hungary and the ending of Orbán's "anti-Brussels campaign".

On March 20, 2019, the EPP deliberated on the whereabouts or exclusion of Fidesz, and 190 of 193 delegates decided to partially suspend it. After that, Fidesz is excluded from meetings and internal elections of the EPP "until further notice", but remains in the EPP group in the European Parliament . Fidesz has not followed through on its threat to withdraw from the EPP in the event of a sanction.

Political positions

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As a central component of the election campaign for the 2009 European elections , the EPP adopted its election manifesto at a party congress in Warsaw in April 2009 . The requirements include:

• Creating more jobs
• Continuing reforms and investments in education, lifelong learning and work to create opportunities for all
• Protectionism must be averted. Financial and monetary policy must be coordinated.
• Increased transparency and supervision of the financial markets
• Make Europe the market leader in environmental technology
• Increase the share of renewable energies to at least 20% of the energy mix
• Create family-friendly flexibility for working parents. Better childcare and accommodation must be created, family-friendly tax policies and parental leave should be encouraged.
• Europe should find a strategy to attract well-trained workers from around the world in order to make the European economy more competitive, dynamic and knowledge-based.

structure

Angela Merkel at the EPP summit in Meise , Belgium

EPP Congress in Bonn , 2009

The organs of the European People's Party are the Presidium as the administrative organ, the Executive Committee as the strategic organ and the Congress for the adoption of fundamental decisions and the election of the Presidium. The Foundation of the European People's Party, the Center for European Studies, has its own legal personality.

Party headquarters

Members of the presidium

• the president,
• ten vice-presidents,
• the treasurer and
• the Secretary General,

all elected by Congress and ex officio

• the President of the European Commission,
• the President of the European Council,
• the High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy and
• the President of the European Parliament,

insofar as they belong to the EPP, and

• the Chairman of the EPP Group in the European Parliament,

also to be elected by the board

• Honorary President.

The Presidium meets at least eight times a year.

The current EPP President is Donald Tusk . Also at the congress were Commissioners Johannes Hahn and Marija Gabriel as well as the Italian ex-Commissioner and ex-Parliamentary President Antonio Tajani ( Forza Italia ), the Irish Minister for European Affairs Helen McEntee , the former Finnish Minister for Economic Affairs Petteri Orpo ( Kok. ) And the MEPs David McAllister (CDU), Siegfried Mureșan (PNL), Esther de Lange ( CDA ) and Franck Proust (Les Républicains) elected as EPP Vice-Presidents. In addition, Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and EPP parliamentary group chairman Manfred Weber ( CSU ) are ex officio members of the Presidium. Former German Environment Minister Christian Schmidt (CSU) was elected Treasurer, and Antonio López-Istúriz White ( PP ) was again elected Secretary General .

General Secretaries

The day-to-day business is conducted by a general secretary. This office is currently held by Antonio López-Istúriz White (PP).

Period	Secretary General	country
1976 to 1983	Jean Seitlinger	France
1983 to 1994	Thomas Jansen	Germany
1994 to 1999	Klaus Welle	Germany
1999 to 2002	Alejandro Agag	Spain
Since 2002	Antonio López-Istúriz White	Spain

Associations

Similar to the CDU, there are also associations for certain population groups in the EPP (according to Article 17 of the statutes of the EPP):

founding	Union
1978	European women's union European Local and Regional Political Association
1995	European Seniors Union (ESU)
1976	European Union of Christian Democratic Workers (EUCDW)
0	European Working Group of Christian Democratic Jurists
2012	European Economic Association (SME Europe)
1961	European Democrat Students (EDS)
1997	Youth of the European People's Party (YEPP)

Center for European Studies

After the changes in the EU regulations that regulate European parties, it became possible to set up European foundations associated with the parties. Accordingly, in 2008 the EPP founded its official think tank , the Wilfried Martens Center for European Studies (CES). CES has been named after Wilfried Martens since 2015 . The CES has members from various national think tanks and foundations that are related to EPP member parties , such as the Konrad Adenauer Foundation (CDU), the Hanns Seidel Foundation (CSU), the Fundación para el Análisis y los Estudios Sociales (PP) , the Constantinos Karamanlis Institute for Democracy (ND), the Jarl Hjalmarson Foundation (MOD), the Political Academy of the ÖVP , the Estonian Institute Pro Patria and others.

activities

At the invitation of the EPP President, the President of the Commission, the President of the European Council and the President of Parliament, the EPP heads of government and opposition leaders usually meet a few hours before the meetings of the European Council in the Académie Royale in Brussels for the EPP summit to discuss common positions to develop. In addition, the party organizes 'EPP ministerial meetings' before the meetings of the Council of Ministers . These meetings are generally held at the party headquarters. The composition of these ministerial meetings corresponds to that of the Council formations . The EPP also organizes short-term meetings with the members of the European Commission and invites commissioners to the EPP summit and / or the EPP ministerial meetings.

The campaigns of the EPP member parties before European elections are also coordinated centrally by the EPP.

EPP members in European institutions

In the 2014-2019 legislative period, the EPP appointed the presidents of two EU institutions: Council President Donald Tusk (left), Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker (right)

European Council

The EPP is currently (November 2019) with Donald Tusk, the President of the European Council and eight of the 28 heads of state or government who belong to the European Council:

Countries with EPP Council members are highlighted in light blue

•  Germany : Angela Merkel (CDU)
•  Ireland : Leo Varadkar (FG)
•  Hungary : Viktor Orbán (Fidesz)
•  Latvia : Krišjānis Kariņš (Vienotība)
•  Bulgaria : Boyko Borissow (GERB)
•  Cyprus : Nikos Anastasiadis (DISY)
•  Romania : Klaus Johannis (PNL)
•  Croatia : Andrej Plenković (HDZ)
•  Greece : Kyriakos Mitsotakis (ND)

European Commission

The President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen, who has been in office since December 2019, and nine members of her commission belong to EPP member parties. Three of the commissioners are vice-presidents.

Commissioner	Department	Member state	national party
Ursula von der Leyen	President	Germany	CDU
Valdis Dombrovskis	Business for the People a Vice President	Latvia	Vienotība
Margaritis Schinas	Promoting the European way of life Vice-President	Greece	ND
Johannes Hahn	Budget and administration	Austria	ÖVP
Marija Gabriel	Innovation and youth	Bulgaria	GERB
Stella Kyriakides	health	Cyprus	DISY
Dubravka Šuica	New momentum for European democracy	Croatia	HDZ
Adina Vălean	traffic	Romania	PNL
Phil Hogan	trade	Ireland	FG
Olivér Várhelyi	Neighborhood and extension	Hungary	Fidesz

European Parliament

The EPP has been the largest political group in the European Parliament since 1999 . The parliamentary group currently has 187 members (as of February 1, 2020). After every European election , candidates who were elected on lists of the EPP member parties are obliged to join the EPP Group. According to the statutes, the EPP parliamentary group chairman, currently Manfred Weber , is also an ex officio member of the EPP Presidium. The EPP last provided the President of the European Parliament in the second half of the 2014–19 legislative period, Antonio Tajani .

Beyond the EU

The associated parties and parties with observer status in the EPP also represent Erna Solberg ( Norway , Høyre ) as the head of government in a non-EU member state.

The EPP also represents political groups in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , where Pedro Agramunt ( Spain , Partido Popular ) held the chair until 2017, and in the Parliamentary Assembly of the OSCE , where Walburga Habsburg Douglas ( Sweden , M ) chairs. The President-in-Office of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe is Jean-Claude Mignon ( France , UMP ). In recent years the EPP has developed bilateral relations with other conservative parties beyond European borders, particularly in North America. The EPP has a close relationship with the International Republican Institute (IRI).

The EPP is also a member of two global center-right party organizations: the Christian Democratic International (CDI) and the International Democratic Union (IDU). She also belongs to the European Movement International .

Member parties

Full members

logo	Abbreviation	Name of the party	country	MEP
	CDH / CSP	Center Démocrate Humaniste / Christian Social Party	Belgium ( FG / DG )	1 + 1
	CD&V	Christen Democratisch en Vlaams (Christian Democratic and Flemish)	Belgium ( Flanders )	2
	DSB	Democrati sa Silna Balgarija (Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria)	Bulgaria	1
	DBG	Dwischenie "Balgarija na Graschdanite" (Movement "Bulgaria of Citizens")	Bulgaria	-
	GERB	GERB (Citizens for a European Development of Bulgaria)	Bulgaria	6th
	SDS	Sajus na Demokratieitschnite Sili (Union of Democratic Forces)	Bulgaria	-
	KD	Kristdemokraterne (Christian Democrats)	Denmark	-
	C.	Det Conservative Folkeparti (Conservative People's Party)	Denmark	1
	CDU	Christian Democratic Union of Germany	Germany (except Bavaria)	23
	CSU	Christian-Social Union in Bavaria	Germany Bavaria)	6th
	IRL	Isamaa ja Res Publica Liit (Fatherland and Res Publica Union)	Estonia	1
	COOK	Kansallinen Kokoomus-Samlingspartiet (National Collection Party )	Finland	3
	KD	Kristillisdemokraatit (Christian Democrats)	Finland	-
	LR	Les Républicains (The Republicans)	France	7th
	ND	Nea Dimokratia (New Democracy)	Greece	8th
	FG	Fine Gael (Irish family)	Ireland	5
	FI	Forza Italia (Forward Italy)	Italy	7th
	AP	Alternative Popolare	Italy	-
	UDC	Unione di Centro (Union of the Middle)	Italy	-
	HDZ	Hrvatska demokratska zajednica (Croatian Democratic Community)	Croatia	4th
	V	Vienotība (unity)	Latvia	2
	TS-LKD	Tėvynės Sąjunga - Lietuvos krikščionys demokratai (Fatherland League - Christian Democrats of Lithuania)	Lithuania	3
	CSV	Chrëschtlech Sozial Vollekspartei (Christian Social People's Party)	Luxembourg	2
	PN	Partit Nazzjonalista (Nationalist Party)	Malta	2
	CDA	Christen-Democratisch Appèl (Christian-Democratic Appeal)	Netherlands	4th
	ÖVP	Austrian People's Party	Austria	7th
	PO	Platforma Obywatelska (Citizens' Platform)	Poland	14th
	PSL	Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe (Polish People's Party)	Poland	3
	Psd	Partido Social Democrata (Social Democratic Party)	Portugal	6th
	CDS-PP	Centro Democrático e Social - Partido Popular (Democratic and Social Center - People's Party)	Portugal	1
	PNL	Partidul Național Liberal (National Liberal Party)	Romania	10
	UDMR / RMDSZ	Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România / Romániai Magyar Demokrata Szövetség (Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania)	Romania	2
	PMP	Partidul Mișcarea Populară (People's Movement Party)	Romania	2
	KD	Kristdemokraterna (The Christian Democrats)	Sweden	2
	M.	Moderata samlingspartiet (The moderate gathering party)	Sweden	4th
	SMK-MKP	Strana maďarskej komunity / Magyar Közösség Pártja (Party of the Hungarian Community)	Slovakia	-
	KDH	Kresťanskodemokratické hnutie (Christian Democratic Movement)	Slovakia	2
	MH	Most – Híd (bridge)	Slovakia	0
	Spolu	Spolu - občianska demokracia (Together - Citizens' Democracy)	Slovakia	2
	SDS	Slovenska demokratska stranka (Slovenian Democratic Party)	Slovenia	2
	NSI	Nova Slovenija - Krščanska Ljudska Stranka (New Slovenia - Christian People's Party)	Slovenia	1
	SLS	Slovenska Ljudska Stranka (Slovenian People's Party)	Slovenia	1
	PP	Partido Popular (People's Party)	Spain	13
	TOP 09	TOP 09	Czech Republic	2
	KDU-ČSL	Křesťanská a democická unie - Československá strana lidová (Christian and Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party)	Czech Republic	2
	KDNP	Kereszténydemokrata Néppárt (Christian Democratic People's Party)	Hungary	1
	DISY	Dimokratikos Synagermos (Democratic Assembly)	Cyprus	2

Suspended members

logo	Abbreviation	Name of the party	reason	country	MEP
	Fidesz-MPSZ	Fidesz - Magyar Polgári Szövetség (Fidesz - Hungarian Citizens' Union)	suspended indefinitely by decision of the delegates of the EPP on March 20, 2019	Hungary	12

Associated Parties

logo	Abbreviation	Name of the party	country
	PDSH	Partia Demokratike e Shqipërisë (Democratic Party of Albania)	Albania
	BS	Bošnjačka stranka (Bosniak Party)	Montenegro
	VMRO-DPMNE	Vnatrešna Makedonska Revolucionerna Organizacija - Demokratska Partija na Makedonija za Nacionalno Edinstvo (Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity)	North Macedonia
	H	Høyre (Conservatives)	Norway
	CVP / PDC / PPD	Christian Democratic People's Party / Parti démocrate-chrétien / Partito popolare democratico svizzero	Switzerland
	SNS	Srpska napredna stranka (Serbian Progressive Party)	Serbia
	VMSZ / SVM	Vajdasági Magyar Szövetség / Savez vojvođanskih Mađara (Alliance of Vojvodin Hungarians)	Serbia (Vojvodina)

Parties with observer status

logo	Abbreviation	Name of the party	country	MEP
	HHK	Hajastani Hanrapetakan Kussakzutjun (Republican Party of Armenia)	Armenia	*
		Sharangutjun (heir)	Armenia	*
	SDA	Stranka demokratske akcije (Party of Democratic Action)	Bosnia and Herzegovina	*
	HDZBiH	Hrvatska demokratska zajednica Bosne i Hercegovine (Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina)	Bosnia and Herzegovina	*
	HDZ1990	Hrvatska demokratska zajednica 1990 (Croatian Democratic Union 1990)	Bosnia and Herzegovina	*
	PDP	Partija demokratskog progresa (Party of Democratic Progress)	Bosnia and Herzegovina	*
	ENM	United National Movement	Georgia	*
		European Georgia - Movement for Freedom	Georgia	*
	SVP	South Tyrolean People's Party	Italy (South Tyrol)	1
	PATT	Partito Autonomista Trentino Tirolese	Italy (Trentino)	-
	LDK	Lidhja Demokratike e Kosovës (Democratic League of Kosovo)	Kosovo	*
	PLDM	Partidul Liberal Democrat din Moldova (Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova)	Moldova	*
	PAS	Partidul Acțiune și Solidaritate (Party of Action and Solidarity)	Moldova	*
	PDA	Platforma Demnitate și Adevăr (Platform Dignity and Truth)	Moldova	*
	KrF	Kristelig Folkeparti (Christian People's Party)	Norway	*
	PDCS	Partito Democratico Cristiano Sammarinese (San Marino Christian Democratic Party)	San Marino	*
	UDAR	Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reforms	Ukraine	*
	VOB	Batkivshchyna (Fatherland)	Ukraine	*
	IT	European solidarity	Ukraine	*
	AHP	Abjadnanaja Hramadsjanskaja Partyja (United Citizens' Party of Belarus)	Belarus	*
	BChd	Belarusian Christian Democracy (Belaruskaja Chryszijanskaja Demakratyja)	Belarus	*

* Not in the European Union

partner

logo	Abbreviation	Name of the party	country
	FL	Forces Libanaises / al-Quwwāt al-lubnāniyya (Lebanese Forces)	Lebanon
	Kataëb	Phalanges libanaises / Hizb al-Kata'ib al-Lubnaniyya (Lebanese Phalanges)	Lebanon

former members

•  Bulgaria , Demokratitscheska Partija
•  France , Center des democrates sociaux (dissolved in 1995)
•  France , Union pour la démocratie française (until 2004, founded the European Democratic Party )
•  France , Rassemblement pour la République (2002 in UMP, today LR, dissolved)
•  Italy , Democrazia Cristiana , from 1994 Partito Popolare Italiano , PPI, merged into Democrazia è Libertà - La Margherita in 2002 (changed to EDP in 2004 )
•  Italy , Italian Renewal in 2002 Democracy is Freedom - The Daisy risen
•  Italy , Christian Democratic Center , CDC, in 2002 UDC risen
•  Italy , Cristiani Democratici Uniti , CDU, absorbed into UDC in 2002
•  Italy , Forza Italia (FI), merged into Il Popolo della Libertà , PdL, in 2009 , today FI again
•  Italy , Popolari UDEUR , merged into Forza Italia in 2013
•  Italy , Nuovo Centrodestra , NCD, merged into Alternativa Popolare in 2017
•  Italy , Popolari per l'Italia , PpI, disbanded in 2017 and largely merged into Forza Italia
•  Croatia , Hrvatska seljačka stranka , HSS, exit 2019 of the Croatian Peasant Party
•  Romania , Partidul Democrat , PD and Partidul Democrat-Liberal, PDL , PDL, merged in 2007 to form Partidul Democrat-Liberal, PD-L , which merged into the PNL in 2014
•  Romania , Partidul Național Țărănesc Creștin Democrat , National Christian Democratic Peasant Party, PNȚCD, 1997–2017, excluded
•  Slovakia , Slovenská Demokratická a Kresťanská Únia - Demokratická strana (SDKÚ-DS), excluded at the beginning of 2018 after membership fees were no longer paid
•  Spain , Eusko Alderdi Jeltzalea-Partido Nacionalista Vasco , until 2009, change to the European Free Alliance
•  Spain , Partido Popular Demócrata 1986 to 1989 went to Partido Popular on
•  Spain , Unió Democràtica de Catalunya , disbanded in 2017

literature

• Articles of Association & Rules of Procedure. (PDF; 611 kB;Adopted by the EPP Congress on October 21, 2015 in Madrid (Spain) & Approved by the EPP Board on June 2, 2015 in Oslo (Norway)). 
• Andreas von Gehlen: European Party Democracy ?, Diss. 2005, Part III - EPP (PDF, 456 kB)
• Michael Gehler , Wolfram Kaiser, Helmut Wohnout (eds.): Christian Democracy in Europe in the 20th Century. Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2001.
• Thomas Jansen : The emergence of a European party. Prehistory, foundation and development of the EPP. Europa-Union-Verlag, Bonn 1996, ISBN 3-7713-0526-8 .
• Thomas Jansen, Steven Van Hecke: At Europe's Service. The Origins and Evolution of the European People's Party. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2011.
• Karl Magnus Johansson: European People's Party. In Johansson, Peter Zervakis: European Political Parties between Cooperation and Integration. Nomos, Baden-Baden 2002, pp. 51–80
• Wolfram Kaiser: Transnational Christian Democracy. From the Nouvelles Equipes Internationales to the European People's Party In Michael Gehler, Wolfram Kaiser: Christian Democracy in Europe Since 1945. Volume 2. Routledge, London / New York 2004, pp. 194–208.
• Hans-Joachim Veen , Urs Altermatt , Thomas Jansen , Klaus Welle : Switzerland, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, European Democratic Union (EDU), European People's Party (EPP). Schöningh, Paderborn 2000, ISBN 3-506-79351-9 (Christian-Democratic and Conservative Parties in Western Europe, Vol. 5).
• 50 years of history of the EPP-ED Group 1953-2003, published by the Group

Web links

Commons : European People's Party  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• The official website
• Andreas von Gehlen: European party democracy? Publication with a detailed examination of the history, organizational form and program of the European People's Party
• Official database on the history of the European People's Party

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} European People's Party. In: Encyclopædia Britannica . Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. , accessed August 2, 2019 . 
2. ^ ^{A b c} James Bartholomeusz: European People's Party. In: Project for Democratic Union . Project for Democratic Union eV, May 8, 2014, accessed August 2, 2019 (British English). 
3. ↑ europarl.europa.eu
4. ^ Karl Magnus Johansson: European People's Party. In: European Political Parties between Cooperation and Integration. Nomos, Baden-Baden 2002, pp. 51–80, on p. 53.
5. ^ ^{A b} Karl Magnus Johansson: European People's Party. 2002, p. 54.
6. ^ Karl Magnus Johansson: European People's Party. 2002, p. 64.
7. ↑ ^{a b} Torsten Oppelland: The party system of the European Union. In: The party systems of Western Europe. VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2006, pp. 455-475, on p. 460.
8. ^ Karl Magnus Johansson: European People's Party. 2002, p. 65.
9. ^ Karl Magnus Johansson: European People's Party. 2002, pp. 64, 65.
10. ^ Announcement about the dissolution of the organization ( memento of April 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), website of the former SME Union, August 23, 2012.
11. ^ ^{A b} Karl Magnus Johansson: European People's Party. 2002, p. 66.
12. ^ David Hanley: Beyond the Nation State. Parties in the Era of European Integration. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke (Hampshire) 2008, p. 121.
13. ^ List of European conservative parties for and against Orbán's remaining in the EPP. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
14. ↑ EU Parliament votes in favor of criminal proceedings against Hungary. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
15. ↑ Juncker calls for Fidesz to be excluded from the EPP Retrieved March 5, 2019.
16. ↑ "Orban rejects ultimatum and risks exclusion from the EPP" euractiv.de, accessed on March 6, 2019.
17. ↑ EPP tip for suspension of Fidesz
18. ↑ A bit suspended
19. ↑ The commissioners. In: European Commission . European Union , accessed September 11, 2018 . 
20. ↑ http://www.europarl.europa.eu/pdf/divers/composition_EP/elections2009_composition-parliament_de.pdf
21. ↑ europarl.europa.eu
22. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Parties & Partners. In: epp. Retrieved November 11, 2018 (UK English). 
23. ↑ European center right suspends Hungarian PM Orbán . Retrieved March 20, 2019.
24. ↑ https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/evp-fidesz-101.html
25. ^ Italian metamorphoses after Renzi's resignation. In: The Standard . March 28, 2017. Retrieved March 29, 2017 . 
26. ^ Croatian party leaves EPP - because of Orbán. In: Spiegel Online . Spiegel Online, February 25, 2019, accessed March 2, 2019 . 
27. ↑ http://evz.ro/ppe-pntcd-exclus-executie.html
28. ↑ https://www.webnoviny.sk/europski-ludovci-zo-svojich-radov-vylucili-sdku-ds-neplatila-clenske-prispevky-prakticky-neexistuje/