Goltz (noble family)

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Family coat of arms of those von der Goltz

Goltz is an old Brandenburg noble family . The von der Goltz family , some of whose branches still exist today, belong to the primeval nobility in Neumark . Tribal affinities exist numerous letter noble branches, two lines were due to adoptions in the 19th century ennobled .

history

origin

According to a family legend, the family is said to have descended from the Counts of Dienheim, who originally lived in the Rhineland . Andreas Graf von Dienheim therefore became supreme warlord of the Polish king Boleslaw III at the beginning of the 12th century . He came into the possession of the Golczewo estate through marriage to the heiress of the wealthy district judge at Gostyn, Johann Prawda .

The family was first mentioned in a document on March 8, 1297 with Arnoldus de Goltzen . He founded the city of Dramburg in Neumark on behalf of the Margraves of Brandenburg . The family probably came from the Uckermark and came to East Pomerania in the course of the German East Settlement . From there relatives in connection with the Order of St. John and the Teutonic Order settled all over Pomerania and East Prussia .

Spread and personalities

Robert von der Goltz (1817–1869)
Rüdiger von der Goltz (1837–1910)
Colmar von der Goltz (1843–1916)
Rüdiger von der Goltz (1865–1946)
Rüdiger von der Goltz (1894–1976)

As early as 1361, after Kneschke 1369, two tribes appear. After a division of property, the black, also Clausdorf line and the white or Heinrichsdorf line were founded. The black line remained in the country until the partitions of Poland , the white line settled in Brandenburg early on. In August 1361 the Johanniter order master Hermann von Werberg awarded the brothers Ludekin and Georg von der Goltz the villages of Blumenwerder, Karsbaum, Machlin, Mielkau and Brotzen as hereditary fiefdoms. This donation formed the cornerstone for the von der Goltz family's extensive land holdings.

In West Prussia , the family was well off before it fell under the Prussian Crown as a province. Among others they were Starosts from Tuchel. In Pomerania, Joachim Rüdiger Freiherr von der Goltz acquired the goods Barsin and Barwin from the Massow , Quakenburg from the Zitzewitz , Wobeser, Trebblin and Neuendorf from the Puttkamer and Pöppel from the Brünow in the 17th century .

The count's tribe owned the houses in Clausdorf, Heinrichsdorf and Sortlack in the middle of the 19th century , with the first two houses each having a younger and an older branch. The two branches to Clausdorf were called lines to Teschendorf and to Tlukum. The baronial lines established the houses in Sortlack , Brotzen, Giesen, Curtow and Clausdorf. The Sortlack house owned the branches to Leißienen , Fingatten , Domnaw, Mertensdorf and Großlaut and the Clausdorf house owned the branches to Schellin, Konsbruch and Kopriewe. The Counts von der Goltz were well off with the Schönau estates in Marienwerder , Czaicze, Tinkum and other properties in East and West Prussia. The Freiherren von der Goltz owned Kreitzig near Schivelbein , Kattun near Schneidemühl , Kopriewe, Pozdanzig and Pflastermühle near Schlochau , Tillitz near Strasburg in West Prussia , Mertensdorf and Sortlack near Friedland in East Prussia and Kallen near Fischhausen .

After Austria the family with Gunther von der Goltz, the 1598 Maria Salome came to and Polheim married. He became the imperial commanding general of the cavalry and acted as governor of Bohemia and Moravia . His outstanding service should be rewarded with the title of imperial prince , which he refused. On February 3, 1613, he married Katharina Freiin von Landau on Sitzendorf for the second time . In July 1614, he took part in the first Austrian Diet in Linz as a Moravian envoy . At the end of the 16th century, Günther acquired today's Goltz Palace in the Moravian town of Znaim , where he died on February 11, 1615 and was buried in St. Michael's Church. His brother Reinhard von der Goltz was an imperial colonel, married Leonora von Puchheim on October 19, 1615 in Znaim and acquired the Starrein estate in Lower Austria on June 12, 1618 . Joachim Ferdinand von der Goltz was the imperial court chamber councilor in Prague and died in Vienna in 1678 . He was buried in the large church vault of the Augustinian Church in Vienna. From another branch of the family came the Imperial General Feldzeugmeister Martin Maximilian von der Goltz, who became famous during the Thirty Years' War and after whom the Czech town of Golčův Jeníkov was named. A great-great-nephew of Günther, Johann Ernst Wenzel Graf von der Goltz, had the Goltz-Kinsky Palace built on the Old Town Square in Prague from 1755 to 1765 . With the death of Ernst Ignatz Johann Nepomuk Graf von der Goltz, the Catholic line died out at the end of the 18th century.

The family produced important diplomats, civil servants, scholars, but above all officers, including five field marshals and 38 generals . Of the relatives in the Prussian service, 19 received the order Pour le Mérite . In 1806 21 counts, barons, barons and lords von der Goltz served in the Prussian army , in 1836 there were 26 members of the family.

Joachim Rüdiger Freiherr von der Goltz (* 1620) from the Clausdorf family was initially in royal French service. In 1654 he entered the Brandenburg service as a colonel, where he was promoted to general of the infantry and was head of the regiment . In 1661 he became governor of Berlin . In 1665 he entered the royal Danish service and in 1680 that of Elector Johann Georg von Sachsen , who appointed him Field Marshal General and a real secret war council . In 1683, when Vienna was relieved from the Turks, he commanded the troops of Electoral Saxony . He was only briefly married to a widow von Canitz, née von Burgsdorff , the mother of the important poet Friedrich Rudolph Ludwig von Canitz , and died in 1688 without descendants. Goltzstrasse in Vienna was named after him.

His cousin Heinrich Freiherr von der Goltz studied with the Jesuits and later served with the French and Dutch. King Friedrich I took him into his service as major general , but a short time later gave him the post of commander of the free city of Danzig . He became a Polish lieutenant general, but only a few months later he joined the army of Russian Tsar Peter I as a field marshal lieutenant . He fought against the Swedes in the Battle of Mogilev and was envoy to Constantinople . In 1725 he died on his Clausdorf estate in East Prussia.

Christoph Heinrich von der Goltz († 1739) was a Prussian lieutenant general, head of a regiment on foot, commander of Magdeburg , Drost of Rheinsberg and knight of the Order of the Black Eagle . He owned important goods, but since he did not leave any children from his marriage to Elisabeth Juliane von Bonin , they reverted to the Crown as an opened fief .

Georg Conrad von der Goltz became a Prussian major general, head of the Gensdarmes regiment , general war commissioner , governor of Cottbus , Peitz and Aschersleben , knight of the Order of St. John and the Pour le Mérite and designated Komtur on Lagow. He died in Berlin on August 4, 1747. He played a major role in the successful occupation of Glogau in the battle of March 8th to 9th, 1741 during the First Silesian War , which earned him the special grace of Frederick the Great .

August Graf von der Goltz distinguished himself in the civil service . He was the Prussian Foreign Minister and was also entrusted with delegations at several courts and at the German Bundestag . In July 1807 he signed the Tilsiter peace treaty together with Field Marshal Count Kalckreuth . He died on January 17, 1832 as the Prussian court marshal in Berlin.

Important members of the family from more recent times included the theologian Hermann von der Goltz (1835-1906), who had been spiritual vice-president of the Evangelical Upper Church Council since 1892 and thus the highest-ranking clergyman of the Evangelical Church in the older provinces of Prussia , the agricultural scientist Theodor von der Goltz ( 1836–1905) and the Prussian field marshal and military historian Colmar von der Goltz (1843–1916). He was head of the Turkish military education system from 1883 to 1895 and was appointed Governor General of Belgium in 1914 with the outbreak of the First World War . At his own request he returned to Turkey in the same year and took over the leadership of the 6th Army; he died at his headquarters in Baghdad in 1916 . The Goltzhaus and Goltzstrasse in Berlin-Spandau , built in 1912 by the Jungdeutschland-Bund in Hameln, were named in his honor.

On December 1, 1890, a family association was founded in Potsdam that holds family days every two years.

Status surveys

In the course of time, the various lines and houses of the von der Goltz family have received numerous rankings . The oldest is from 1634, the last was in 1913.

Bread rolls line

The founder of the house Jenikau , the imperial colonel and commander to Regensburg Martin Maximilian von der Goltz, received on September 15, 1634 to Ebersdorf the realm baron .

On March 18, 1912, by the highest cabinet order, and on November 5, 1913 in Berlin, by heraldry rescript, the Kreitzig family received the descendants of Dr. jur. Rüdiger von der Goltz auf Kreitzig, state director out of service , obtained a Prussian permit to use the title of baron.

Heinrichsdorf line

Joachim Rüdiger von der Goltz, royal French colonel, received the French baronate in Paris in August 1653 , as did the descendants of his grandfather Johann von der Goltz auf Reppow, Heinrichsdorf and Clausdorf, royal Polish burgrave in the German crown .

The cousins Wilhelm Bernhard von der Goltz , Prussian colonel, wing adjutant and envoy in Paris, and Karl Alexander von der Goltz , Prussian lieutenant colonel and wing adjutant, both from the Heinrichsdorf family, received the Prussian count on November 19, 1786. Wilhelm Bernhard's brothers, Leopold Heinrich von der Goltz, Prussian Colonel and envoy to Saint Petersburg, and Carl Franz Freiherr von der Goltz, Prussian Colonel and Intendant , were elevated to the Prussian counts on May 9, 1789. Frederik Adriaan Graf von der Goltz, royal Dutch colonel and son of Wilhelm Bernhard, was accepted into the Zeeland knighthood on August 28, 1814 .

Gustav von der Goltz, Prussian colonel and commander of the 22nd Infantry Regiment , received from the House of Leißienen on December 15, 1859 in Berlin a Prussian approval to use the title of baron through the highest cabinet orders. The descendants of Alexander von der Goltz, Prussian lieutenant colonel, who died in 1870, were granted permission to use the title of baron on March 18, 1912 by the highest cabinet order and on November 5, 1913 in Berlin by means of a herald's office rescript.

From the House of Sortlack , the Prussian Colonel Johann Wilhelm Freiherr von der Goltz was elevated to the Prussian count status in Berlin on January 18, 1787. The two Prussian second lieutenants Richard Freiherr von der Goltz, on August 13, 1858, and Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz, on July 20, 1865, received a Prussian confirmation of the use of the title of baron by means of a herald's office rescript in Berlin. A Prussian recognition of the baron status took place for Wilibald Freiherr von der Goltz, Prussian lieutenant colonel, on April 15, 1873 in Berlin through a rescript of the ministers of the interior and justice. The descendants of the deceased brothers Leonard von der Goltz auf Tillitz and Gorczenica and Kuno von der Goltz, Prussian general of the infantry z. D. , received on March 18, 1912 by the highest cabinet order and on November 5, 1913 by heraldry rescript in Berlin, a permit to use the title of baron.

Raakow line

The brothers Anton von der Goltz , who came from the House of Kallen , were a Prussian lieutenant . D. , Friedrich von der Goltz auf Mertensdorf and Sortlack and Carl Freiherr von der Goltz auf Wolfshöhe, Prussian major, received a Prussian confirmation of the use of the title of baron on September 20, 1887 by herald's office rescript in Berlin. The son of Carl, Siegfried Freiherr von der Goltz, received on November 9, 1896 in Potsdam Neues Palais by the highest cabinet order together with his wife Ernestine, née von Domhardt, a Prussian name and coat of arms association with those of Domhardt as Freiherr von der Goltz- Domhardt . The title was linked to the inherited Domhardt property of Fideikommiss Groß-Bestendorf. The coat of arms awarded here is square, covered with a central shield and has two helmets. The middle shield shows the split family coat of arms, 1 and 4 in black a golden sheaf, 2 and 3 in blue a jumping silver horse. On the right helmet with red and silver helmet covers the growing lion from the center shield, on the left with blue and silver helmet covers the growing horse.

On September 20, 1887 Otto Freiherr von der Goltz, ducal captain of Schleswig-Holstein , received from the Wildenow family . D., Prussian Prime Lieutenant and senior tax inspector a. D. and insurance general agent in Halle an der Saale , a Prussian confirmation of the use of the baron title through herold office rescript in Berlin.

Wuhrow line

The brothers from the house of Clausdorf August Stanislaus von der Goltz , royal Polish and electoral Saxon lieutenant general, and Carl Friedrich von der Goltz, royal Polish and electoral Saxon a. D., received the Prussian count status in Berlin on September 19, 1786.

Out of the house Lüben the Prussian district Builder received on 22 April 1868 by Berlin Most High cabinet order Burgsteinfurt Karl von der Goltz, a Prussian approval for resumption of the baron title. Likewise, on December 31, 1883 the Curt von der Goltz brothers, Prussian second lieutenant a. D., Oscar von der Goltz, Prussian prime lieutenant, Waldemar von der Goltz, Prussian second lieutenant, and Albrecht von der Goltz auf Pagdanzig, Prussian prime lieutenant of the Landwehr ret . D.

From the House of Maschau, the royal Bohemian councilor , court lieutenant and chamber law assessor Johann Ernst Wenzel von der Goltz was raised to the bohemian baron status in Vienna on May 13, 1724. On February 18, 1729 in Vienna he also received the old Bohemian gentry and on July 4, 1731 in Vienna the Bohemian count. Johann Franz von der Goltz, who worked in the Bohemian mining and coinage business, was elevated to the status of a Bohemian baron on March 20, 1764 in Vienna. On April 12, 1766 in Vienna, together with his brother Ernst Johann von der Goltz, imperial captain in the Daun infantry regiment, he received the bohemian count with the salutation high and well-born .

Postage-like lines

1678 and 1693

Georg Casper and Johann Rüdiger, the natural sons of the royal Danish and electoral Brandenburg field marshal lieutenant and secret war councilor Joachim Rüdiger Baron von der Goltz from the Heinrichsdorf family, received an imperial nobility legitimation in Vienna on May 10, 1678, with their father's name and coat of arms attached. The first named Georg Casper von der Goltz received the imperial baron status in Vienna on June 2, 1689, which was recognized by the Elector of Brandenburg on November 7, 1691. Balthasar Wilhelm, another natural son of Joachim Rüdiger Baron von der Goltz, received imperial nobility legitimation in Vienna on September 6, 1693, also with the addition of his father's name and coat of arms.

1787

On March 3, 1787 in Berlin, Carl, the natural son of Leopold Heinrich von der Goltz from the Heinrichsdorf family, Prussian colonel and envoy to St. Petersburg, received a Prussian nobility legitimation. On May 9, 1789, he and his descendants were raised to the Prussian count.

1836

The Prussian ensign in the 3rd Cuirassier Regiment , Hermann Goltz, an adopted son of the Prussian major Friedrich Leopold von der Goltz from the House of Leißienen, received the Prussian nobility with the predicate von der Goltz on March 25, 1836 in Berlin .

1861

The niece and since December 20, 1860 adopted daughter of the Prussian major general August Freiherr von der Goltz from the house of Leißienen, Anna Epping, was elevated to the Prussian noble and baron class as von der Goltz on April 29, 1861 in Berlin.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the von der Goltz, carried since the end of the 17th century
Coat of arms of the Count von der Goltz zu Heinrichsdorf (1786)

Family coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows a silver rafter in red . Seven black cock feathers on the helmet with its red and silver covers .

Split coat of arms

The family has had a split coat of arms with two helmets since the end of the 17th century . In front a silver-grooved red battlement wall (also in red a silver battlement wall) from which a golden lion , holding a gold ring between his paws, grows. In the back a golden rafter in blue, accompanied by three (2, 1) golden lilies . The right helmet with red and silver helmet covers, the lion with a ring, on the left helmet with blue and gold helmet covers, the growing torso of a virgin with crumpled arms, open golden hair, in gold and blue clothes, the head with three gold blue split alarms busy.

Coat of arms history

According to Gustav Adelbert Seyler , the coat of arms of the Polish coat of arms community Prawdzic, also Prawda, was added to the family coat of arms of those von der Goltz , probably because of a marriage. The Pravda coat of arms is described: in red, a golden lion growing out of a red tin wall, holding a golden ring in its paws. Older genealogists relate the lion to the Lords of Dienheim, who led a gold-crowned silver lion under a silver shield head in red. The ring or key ring is the talking coat of arms of Pravda.

The rafter was therefore a special coat of arms , which was mainly used for military trips abroad and where the tinging was adapted to the respective purpose. A French coat of arms from 1653 mentions that the von der Goltz coat of arms is currently a gold rafter in blue, while Georg von der Goltz has a silver rafter in red in 1608. In another variant, the rafter is silver-black divided into red according to the figure ( Siebmacher's Wappenbuch 1605).

The royal French officer Joachim Rüdiger von der Goltz received permission from the French King Louis XIV in 1653 for himself and his co-arms ( alliés ) to add three golden lilies to the golden rafter in blue . Initially, the family was reluctant to use the permit, and it was only later that the color scheme became common.

In 1786 the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm II raised the cousins ​​Wilhelm Bernhard and Carl Alexander von der Goltz from the Heinrichsdorf house and in 1789 the former brothers Leopold Heinrich and Carl Franz to the Prussian count status. As a royal Prussian sign of grace, a crowned black eagle was placed on a silver heart shield crowned by a count . The eagle is repeated as a crest on a third helmet placed in the middle.

Known family members

Mausoleum of the Counts von der Goltz on Luisenfriedhof II in Charlottenburg

literature

Web links

Commons : Goltz  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c New General German Adels Lexicon Volume 3, pp. 593-596.
  2. ^ Berlin State Archives or Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis . ; 1, 18, p. 215.
  3. ↑ a b Klaus Peter Hoepke:  Goltz, from the. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1964, ISBN 3-428-00187-7 , p. 627 ( digitized version ).
  4. ^ Journal of the West Prussian History Association , Issue 39, Bertling, Danzig 1899, pp. 13, 31
  5. ^ Journal of the German Association for the History of Moravia and Silesia , Volume 19, Verlag des Verein, Brno 1915, p. 72
  6. ^ Christian d'Elvert : Contributions to the history of the Bohemian lands, especially Moravia in the seventeenth century , Winiker, Volume 23, Brno 1878, p. 86
  7. ^ Journal of the German Association for the History of Moravia and Silesia , Volume 20, Verlag des Verein, Brno 1916, p. 223
  8. ^ Journal of the German Association for the History of Moravia and Silesia , Volume 19, Verlag des Verein, Brno 1915, p. 74
  9. ^ Otto Freiherr Stockhorner von Starein: The Stockhorner von Starein. Attempt to present the history of this family , Carl Konegen, Vienna 1896, p. 66
  10. ^ A b New Prussian nobility lexicon. Volume 2, pp. 261-265.
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume IV, Volume 67 of the complete series, pp. 189–195.
  12. ↑ a b c d Otto Hupp : Munich Calendar 1916. P. 29.