List of well-known reform pedagogues

The list of well-known reform pedagogues compiles the representatives of the various epochs of reform education and alternative education according to the aspects of the innovation , sortable by year of birth, death and country of origin .

It remains to be seen whether Comenius and Rousseau as well as the philanthropists can be called forerunners or already representatives . They can be included in the following list.

For the period from 1890 onwards one speaks more of reform pedagogues in the specialist literature , after 1945 more of alternative pedagogues , see also alternative education . However, the transitions are very fluid.

Surname	born	died	nationality	Keyword / main work	image
Juerg Acklin	1945		Switzerland	Alternative school , psychoanalytic pedagogy
Kurt Adams	1889	1944	Germany	Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft der Kinderfreunde
August Aichhorn	1878	1949	Austria	Vienna school reform , psychoanalytic pedagogy
Amos Bronson Alcott	1799	1888	United States	Experimental Education , Temple School , Transcendentalism
Gerda Alexander	1908	1994	Germany	Rhythmic Education , Eutonia , New Education Fellowship
Hans Alfken	1899	1994	Germany	School farm movement (Association for School Farms), Free School Community Wickersdorf , Comprehensive School : Karl Marx School
Robert Baden-Powell	1857	1941	United Kingdom	Learning by doing , experiential education , scouting movement
John Haden Badley	1865	1967	United Kingdom	Landerziehungsheim movement , co-education , learning lab
Gertrud Bäumer	1873	1954	Germany	Social pedagogy
Johann Bernhard Basedow	1724	1790	Germany	Philanthropinum Dessau ("nursery for human beings")
Carl Heinrich Becker	1876	1933	Germany	Democratization , New Education Fellowship
Gerold Becker	1936	2010	Germany	Odenwald School
Wolfgang Bergmann (Pedagogue)	1944	2011	Germany	Child psychology , learning therapy
Siegfried Bernfeld	1892	1953	Austria	Psychoanalytic pedagogy , kibbutz education , Baumgarten children's home (Vienna-Baumgarten), youth research
Ferdinand Birnbaum	1892	1947	Austria	Integrative education , Vienna school reform
Elisabeth Blochmann	1892	1972	Germany	Early Education ( Kindergarten Theory )
Karl Justus Blochmann	1786	1855	Germany	Spread of Pestalozzi's elementary education in Saxony
Wilhelm Blume	1884	1970	Germany	School farm movement : Scharfenberg Island School Farm
Kees Boeke (educator)	1884	1966	Netherlands	Werkplaats Kindergemeenschap , Sociocracy , Iederwijs School
Otto Friedrich Bollnow	1903	1991	Germany	Humanities education , Odenwald School
Max Bondy	1892	1951	Germany Switzerland United States	Landerziehungsheim movement , school Marienau , Les rayons (England) , Windsor Mountain School . These projects were developed in close collaboration between Max Bondy and his wife Gertrud, a doctor and psychoanalyst.
Rudolf Bosselt	1871	1938	Germany
Ekkehard von Braunmühl	1940		Germany	Anti-pedagogy , children's rights
Hans Adolf von Brause	1847	1928	Germany	II. Municipal secondary school Leipzig (Leipzig-Reudnitz), counselor for Hugo Gaudig and Ephraim Carlebach
Paul Brockhaus	1879	1965	Germany	Upper secondary school to the cathedral
Hans Brügelmann	1946		Germany	Open teaching , LUST study , educational performance culture
Moses Calvary	1876	1944	Germany	"Jewish Pestalozzi"
Joachim Heinrich Campe	1746	1818	Germany	Philanthropinum Dessau , textbook development
Ephraim Carlebach	1879	1936	Germany	Higher Israelite School
Gerd-Bodo von Carlsburg	1942		Germany	World Federation for the Renewal of Education
Édouard Claparède	1873	1940	Switzerland	Jean-Jacques Rousseau Institute
Ruth Cohn	1912	2010	Germany	Topic-centered interaction ( lively learning )
Johann Amos Comenius	1592	1670	Czech Republic	Requirement of compulsory schooling , pedagogy from the child
Han Coray	1880	1974	Switzerland	Forest school , forest pedagogy , German Forest Protection Association
Georg Credner	1825	1899	Germany	Herbartianism , art education movement
Ovide Decroly	1871	1932	Belgium	Decroly Method, Centers of Interest, Global Approach to Learning; New Education Fellowship
Edmond Demolins	1852	1907	France	Rural Education Movement : École des Roches ( Éducation nouvelle )
Bernhard Gottlieb Denzel	1773	1838	Germany	Spread of Pestalozzi's idea of elementary education in southern Germany
John Dewey	1859	1952	United States	Learning by doing , project learning , democratization , democratic education , laboratory school
Adolph Diesterweg	1790	1866	Germany	Visual pedagogy , self-employment , Pestalozzi followers
Ingrid Dietrich	1944		Germany	Freinet pedagogy in Germany
Heinrich Dittmar (pedagogue)	1792	1866	Germany	Establishment and management of educational institutions based on Pestalozzian principles
Adolph Douai	1819	1888	Germany	First public kindergarten in the USA, Froebel supporter
Nikolaus Ehlen	1886	1965	Germany	Self- education , peace education
Martin Ehlers	1732	1800	Germany	Professionalization of the Teaching Profession, Thoughts on the Requirements Necessary to Improve Schools (1766)
Samuel Meyer Ehrenberg	1773	1853	Germany	Samson School
Alfred Ehrentreich	1896	1998	Germany	Free school community Wickersdorf , Karl Marx School
Hans Elsner	1923		Germany	Co-founder of German Montessori education
Ralph Waldo Emerson	1803	1882	United States	Transcendentalism ( The American Scholar )
Siegfried Engelmann	1931	2019	United States	Direct teaching
Anna Essinger	1879	1960	Germany United Kingdom	Landschulheim Herrlingen , after emigration Bunce Court School
Gertrud holiday	1890	1943	Germany	Adventure education , Caputh Jewish children's and rural school home
Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia	1859	1909	Spain	Escuela Moderna ( Ferrer Schools )
Adolphe Ferrière	1879	1960	Switzerland	Education nouvelle ( École active )
Wilhelm Flitner	1889	1990	Germany	Humanities education
Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster	1869	1966	Germany	Self- education , help for self-help , peace education , democratic education
Celestin Freinet	1896	1966	France	Freinet pedagogy , school printing , free expression
Élise Freinet	1898	1983	France	Freinet pedagogy
Paulo Freire	1921	1997	Brazil	Liberation education ( education of the oppressed ), active school
Friedrich Froebel	1782	1852	Germany	Early childhood education ( kindergarten ), Pestalozzi's pupil
Wilhelm Fröhlich	1892	1969	Switzerland	Experiment kit , work school
Paula Prince	1894	1942 approx.	Germany	Montessori pedagogy
Margaret Fuller	1810	1850	United States	Self-education , transcendentalism
Fritz Gansberg	1871	1950	Germany	Art education movement , democratic education , self-activity
Hugo Gaudig	1860	1923	Germany	Work pedagogy , free intellectual school work , project learning , group work (didactics) , independent activity
Edith Geheeb	1885	1982	Germany Switzerland	Odenwald School , Ecole d'Humanité
Paul Geheeb	1870	1961	Germany Switzerland	Rural Education Movement , Free School Community of Wickersdorf , Odenwald School , Ecole d'Humanité
Paul Goodman	1911	1972	United States	Children's rights and de-schooling movement ( educational city , growing up in contradiction ), humanistic pedagogy
Otto Glöckel	1874	1935	Austria	Austrian school reform : school of life , work school , comprehensive school , comprehensive school
Martha von Grot	1867	1962	Germany	Self-employment , experimental pedagogy
Nikolai Frederik Severin Grundtvig	1783	1872	Denmark	Community college movement
Clara Grunwald	1877	1943	Germany	Montessori Pedagogy : German Montessori Society
Ludwig Gurlitt	1855	1931	Austria	School farm movement (Association for School Farms)
Kurt Hahn	1886	1974	Germany United Kingdom	Education home movement : Schule Schloss Salem , experiential education , after emigration Gordonstoun
August Halm	1869	1929	Germany	Free school community Wickersdorf , musical youth movement
Wolf-Dieter Hasenclever	1945		Germany	Ecological humanism , rural education center movement , Marienau school , youth justice center
Ernst Innocent Hauschild	1808	1866	Germany	Girls' gymnastics , playgrounds and gymnastics areas suitable for children ( allotment garden )
Johann Julius Hecker	1707	1768	Germany	School garden , practice-oriented secondary school , teachers' seminar
Fritz Helling	1888	1973	Germany	Bund Resolute School Reformer , Schwelmer Kreis
Helene Helming	1888	1977	Germany	Montessori pedagogy
Hartmut von Hentig	1925		Germany	Laborschule Bielefeld , Oberstufenkolleg Bielefeld , active school
Otto heart	1944		Germany	Odenwald School , Laboratory School Bielefeld
Heinz-Joachim Heydorn	1916	1974	Germany	Liberation Education
August Heyn	1879	1959	Germany	Bund decided school reformer , the gardening school , interdisciplinary teaching
Ernst Hierl	1880	1981	Germany	Teachers and community. A School of Responsibility (1919)
Rudolf Hildebrand	1824	1894	Germany	Personality education
Paul Hildebrandt	1870	1948	Germany	Humanistic pedagogy
Franz Hilker	1881	1969	Germany	Bund Resolute School Reformer
Hermann Hirsch	1885	1942	Germany Israel	Founder and director of the Jewish rural school home in Coburg
John Caldwell Holt	1923	1985	United States	Children's rights and de- schooling movement ( Growing Without Schooling ), homeschooling , unschooling
Johann Peter Hundiker	1751	1836	Germany	Reading box , philanthropist Vechelde
Wilhelm Theodor Hundiker	1786	1828	Germany	Philanthropist Vechelde
Ivan Illich	1926	2002	United States	Children's rights and de-schooling movement ( Deschooling )
Israel Jacobson	1768	1828	Germany	first officially recognized interdenominational simultaneous school in Germany
Heinrich Jacoby	1889	1964	Germany	Odenwald School , ( development instead of education )
Adolf Jensen (politician)	1878	1965	Germany	Rütli school
Wilhelm Jerusalem	1854	1923	Austria	Schönbrunn Educational School
Fritz Jöde	1887	1970	Germany	Music education (school music), folk education through music , youth music movement
Ernest Jouhy	1913	1988	Germany France	In French exile, care for unaccompanied young refugees from the German Reich, home educators, teacher at the Odenwald School , professor of social pedagogy at the University of Frankfurt , founder of the Institute for “Pedagogy: Third World”, founder of intercultural learning .
Friedrich Junge (pedagogue)	1832	1905	Germany	Ecosystem research
Lotte Kaliski	1908	1995	Germany United States	Founder of the private forest school Kaliski , a Jewish school in the tradition of reform pedagogy.
Fritz Karsen	1885	1951	Germany France Colombia	Bund Resolute School Reformer : Unified School , Cooperative Comprehensive School , Karl Marx School , École nouvelle de Boulogne
Pink cat	1885	1976	Germany	Odenwald School , Montessori pedagogy
Siegfried Kawerau	1886	1936	Germany	Bund Resolute School Reformer : Coeducation
Georg Kerschensteiner	1854	1932	Germany	Work Education : Work School , Vocational School , Production School
Ellen Key	1849	1926	Sweden	Century of the child , learning environment
William Heard Kilpatrick	1871	1965	United States	Learning by doing , project method
Fritz Klatt	1888	1945	Germany	Leisure education , elementary school home
Johannes Kloecking	1883	1951	Germany	Youth music movement
Otto Koch (pedagogue)	1886	1972	Germany	Bund Resolute School Reformer
Elsa Koehler	1879	1940	Austria	Co-founder of educational factual research , Jena-Plan , creative lessons
Gustav Kolb (art teacher)	1867	1943	Germany	Art education movement
Janusz Korczak	1878 or 1879	1942	Poland	Children's republic , children's rights
Emil Krause	1870	1943	Germany	Advanced high school , people-friendly pedagogy
Pitt Kruger	1904	1989	Germany France	La Coûme , a school in exile founded in the tradition of the country school houses of Pitt and Yvès Krüger.
Johann Wilhelm Kuithan	1760	1831	Germany	Higher education without learning the ancient languages
Rudolf Lammel	1879	1962	Germany	Country Education Movement
Wilhelm Lamszus	1881	1965	Germany	School Tieloh
Homer Lane	1875	1925	United States	Little Commonwealth
Otto Lehmann (museum director)	1865	1951	Germany	Visual education , museum education
Alfred Lichtwark	1852	1914	Germany	Art education movement
Hermann Lietz	1868	1919	Germany	Rural Educational Home Movement : Rural Educational Home Walkemühle , Hermann Lietz School Haubinda , Bieberstein Castle (Hesse)
Theodor Litt	1880	1962	Germany	Humanities education : "Leading or letting grow" (1927)
Hans Loescher	1881	1946	Germany	Experimental school
William Lottig	1867	1953	Germany	Hamburger Tor community school in Hamburg
Kurt Lowenstein	1885	1939	Germany	International Falcon Movement , Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft der Kinderfreunde
Martin Luserke	1880	1968	Germany	Landerziehungsheim -, life reform -, art education movement , experiential education , performing games ( amateur play ); 1906–1925: Free School Community Wickersdorf , 1925–1934: School by the Sea , Juist
Hanns Maria Lux	1900	1967	Germany	Boys middle school Saarbrücken
Hans Maeder	1909	1988	Germany United States	Stockbridge School , an educational reform-oriented boarding school without racial segregation and without religious affiliation.
Anton Semyonovich Makarenko	1888	1939	Russia	Collective education
Makiguchi Tsunesaburō	1871	1944	Japan	Value-creating education
Jean-Pol Martin	1943		Germany	Learning through teaching ( constructivist , action-oriented teaching )
Frederick Mayer	1921	2006	Germany	Dynamic parenting
Ernst Meumann	1862	1915	Germany	Founder of educational psychology and experimental education in Germany.
Hilbert Meyer	1941		Germany	Action-oriented teaching
Maria Montessori	1870	1952	Italy	Montessori education : free work , mixed classes , school integration , active school , alternative school : Montessori school
Willy Moog	1888	1935	Germany	Personality education
Paul Moor (educator)	1899	1977	Switzerland	Curative education
Julius Moses (pedagogue)	1869	1945	Germany	Mannheim school system
Fritz Mueller	1887	1968	Germany	Chemnitz Humboldt Experimental School
Paul Natorp	1854	1924	Germany	Social pedagogy , social idealism
Oskar Negt	1934		Germany	Comprehensive school : Glocksee school , self-regulation , exemplary learning through project teaching
Alexander Sutherland Neill	1883	1973	United Kingdom	Alternative school : Summerhill , Democratic School , Anti-Authoritarian Education , Humanistic Education
Ena Neill	1910	1997	United Kingdom	Alternative School : Summerhill , Democratic School , Anti-Authoritarian Education
Leonard Nelson	1882	1927	Germany	Landerziehungsheim Movement : Landerziehungsheim Walkemühle
Waldus Nestler	1887	1954	Germany	Gaudig school , peace education
Georg Hellmuth Neuendorff	1882	1949	Germany	Dürerschule Hochwaldhausen
Igor Newerly	1903	1987	Poland	Action-oriented teaching influenced by Korczak
Herman Nohl	1879	1960	Germany	Humanities education
Ludwig nun	1785	1854	Germany	Spread of Pestalozzi's elementary education in Thuringia
Johann Friedrich Oberlin	1740	1826	France	Elementary education: "Alsatian Froebel"
Tami Oelfken	1888	1957	Germany	Bund Resolute School Reformer , Community School : Tami-Oelfken Community School
Paul Oestreich	1878	1959	Germany	Bund Resolute school reformers : occupational education , work school , comprehensive school , Production School
Berthold Otto	1859	1933	Germany	Total teaching , private tutoring school
Ludwig Pallat	1867	1946	Germany	Central Institute for Education and Teaching , Teaching Reform
Helen Parkhurst	1886	1973	United States	Dalton plan
Friedrich Paulsen	1846	1908	Germany	spiritual father of the modern grammar school, critic of new humanism
Wilhelm Paulsen	1875	1943	Germany	School Tieloh
Elizabeth P. Peabody	1804	1894	United States	Transcendentalism , first English-speaking kindergarten in the United States of America
Falko Peschel	1965		Germany	Alternative school , open lessons
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi	1746	1827	Switzerland	Visual education , elementary education , alternative school ( how Gertrud teaches her children ), humanistic education
Katharina Petersen	1889	1970	Germany Netherlands	First head of the Quäkerschule Eerde country school home founded in exile in the Netherlands , member of the educational committee of the German UNESCO Commission.
Peter Petersen	1884	1952	Germany	Jena Plan School, across all grades
Bertha von Petersenn	1862	1910	Switzerland	first German state educational home for girls
Georg Picht	1913	1982	Germany	Birklehof , critic of the educational disaster
Johann Ernst Plamann	1771	1834	Germany	Plamann educational institution
Willy Potthoff	1925	2006	Germany	Optimal distance , project lessons
Zoe Readhead	1946		United Kingdom	Democratic School : Summerhill
Cecil Reddie	1858	1932	United Kingdom	Rural education home movement , experiential education
Fritz Redl	1902	1988	Austria	Psychoanalytic Pedagogy
Anton Rée	1815	1891	Germany	Cross-denominational secondary school: foundation school from 1815 , later Anton Rée secondary school
Jürgen Reichen	1939	2009	Switzerland	Reading by writing
Adolf Reichwein	1898	1944	Germany	Working School , School Film , projects
Karl Reinhardt (school reformer)	1849	1923	Germany	Memorandum Die Frankfurter Reformplanes , Frankfurter Lehrplan
Friedrich Gabriel Resewitz	1729	1806	Germany	Realschule development , the education of the citizen for the use of common sense and for nonprofit business (1773)
Andreas Reyher	1601	1673	Germany	Enforcement of compulsory schooling , popular education with natural sciences and civics
Enja Riegel	1940		Germany	Helene Lange School (Wiesbaden)
Carl Rogers	1902	1987	United States	Open learning , humanistic pedagogy
Hermann Röhrs	1915	2012	Germany	Labor school , adventure education , world alliance for the renewal of education , peace education
Georg Rosenthal	1874	1934	Germany
Hugo Rosenthal	1887	1980	Germany Israel	Founder and director of the Jewish school home in Herrlingen
Theodor Rothschild	1879 or 1876	1944	Germany
Elisabeth Rotten	1882	1964	Germany	School farm movement : Schulfarm Insel Scharfenberg , Bund Resolute School Reformers : Montessori pedagogy , peace education , New Education Fellowship
Jean-Jacques Rousseau	1712	1778	France	Visual education , experiential education , free development of personality , alternative school ( Emile or through education ), humanistic education
Bertrand Russell	1872	1970	United Kingdom	libertarian experimental Beacon Hill School
Christian Gotthilf Salzmann	1744	1811	Germany	Philanthropinum Dessau , German Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Franz Scharmer	1891	1984	Austria	Vienna school reform
Heinrich Scharrelmann	1871	1940	Germany	Community school , experiential education , art education movement
Otto Scheibner	1877	1961	Germany	Gaudig school , work education
Emil von Schenckendorff	1837	1915	Germany	Sports movement (promotion of popular and youth games)
Ernst Schneider (Pedagogue)	1878	1957	Switzerland	Psychoanalytic Pedagogy
Heinrich Schulz	1872	1932	Germany	Unit school
Kurt Schumann	1885	1970	Germany	Association of Resolute School Reformers : Dürerversuchsschule (Dresden)
Sebald Black	1866	1934	Germany	Federation of Resolute School Reformers , Oberschule zum Dom (Lübeck)
Regine Seidler (pedagogue)	1895	1967	Austria	Vienna school reform
Monika Seifert	1932	2002	Germany	Mother of the anti-authoritarian children's shops , Freie Schule Frankfurt
Eva Seligmann	1912	1997	Germany	Bund Resolute School Reformer
Joseph Anton Sickinger	1858	1930	Germany	Mannheim school system , support in elementary and elementary school, sport, works
Anna Siemsen	1882	1951	Germany	Bund Resolute School Reformer
Alfons Simon	1897	1975	Germany	Vienna school reform , partner work
Minna Woodpecker	1879	1961	Germany Denmark United Kingdom	Rural Education Movement , Rural Education Walkemühle , Odenwald School
Oskar game	1892	1961	Austria	Vienna school reform
Erna Stahl	1900	1980	Germany	Lichtwark School
Rudolf Steiner	1861	1925	Austria	Alternative school : Waldorf school , Waldorf education
Frieda Stoppenbrink-Buchholz	1897	1993	Germany	Jenaplan pedagogy
Tao Xingzhi	1891	1946	People's Republic of China	Yucai school
John Tews	1860	1937	Germany	Unified school , society for the dissemination of popular education
Elisabeth von Thadden	1890	1944	Germany	Rural Education Movement (Protestant)
Albrecht Wilhelm Thaer	1855	1921	Germany	first school with Abitur without Latin
Henry David Thoreau	1817	1862	United States	Nonviolent upbringing , experiential education , transcendentalism
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy	1828	1910	Russia	Alternative school : Yasnaja Poljana (Tula)
Ernst Christian Trapp	1745	1818	Germany	influenced by Ehlers, Philanthropinum Dessau , the first German holder of a chair for education
Bernhard Uffrecht	1885	1959	Germany	Rural Education Movement , Free School and Work Community
Martin Wagenschein	1896	1988	Germany	Exemplary learning ( courage to fill gaps )
Carl Friedrich Wagner	1891	1981	Germany	Hamburg community school Telemannstrasse
Fritz Wartenweiler	1889	1985	Switzerland	Education permanent , people's education home
Hans Weil	1898	1972	Germany Italy	School on the Mediterranean . Reform pedagogy as a "German-Jewish symbiosis" in exile.
Hildegard Wegscheider	1871	1953	Germany	Bund Resolute School Reformer
Leo Weismantel	1888	1964	Germany	New Education Fellowship
Otto Bernhard Wendler (Peter Droß)	1895	1958	Germany	Bund Resolute School Reformer
Erich Less	1894	1961	Germany	Humanities Education , New Education Fellowship
Wilhelm Wetekamp	1859	1945	Germany	School farm movement (Bund für Schulfarmen), Bund für Schulreform , Werner-Siemens-Realgymnasium , Frankfurt curriculum
Rebeca Wild	1939	2015	Germany	Pesta Active School
Mauricio Wild	1937	2020	Switzerland	Pesta Active School
Karl Wilker	1885	1980	Germany	New Education Fellowship , Bund Resolute School Reformers
Wilhelm Wittbrodt	1878	1961	Germany	Life community school : School in Rütlistraße
Nelly Wolffheim	1879	1965	Germany	Psychoanalytic pedagogy , founder of the first psychoanalytic kindergarten in Germany
Heinrich Wolgast (pedagogue)	1860	1920	Germany	Art education movement , youth literature movement
Christian Heinrich Wolke	1741	1825	Germany	Philanthropinum Dessau ( thinking room )
Ludwig miracle	1878	1949	Germany	Rural Education Movement , founder of the Rural Education Home Walkemühle
Hans Würtz	1875	1958	Germany	Physically handicapped education
Gustav Wyneken	1875	1964	Germany	Free school community Wickersdorf
Franz Heinrich Ziegenhagen	1753	1806	Germany	Philanthropinum Dessau
Thomas Ziehe	1947		Germany	Comprehensive school : Glocksee school
Hans Zulliger	1893	1965	Switzerland	Psychoanalytic Pedagogy

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Röhrs, Reform Pedagogy and Internal Educational Reform, 1998, p. 49
2. ↑ Skiera, Reformed Education in Past and Present, 2009, p. 40

literature

• Matthias Hofmann , Past and Present of Independent Alternative Schools. An Introduction , 2013 - ISBN 978-3-86281-057-4
• Hermann Röhrs , Reformed Education and Internal Educational Reform , 1998 - ISBN 3-89271-825-3
• Ehrenhard Skiera , Reform Education Past and Present: A Critical Introduction , 2009 - ISBN 3-486-59107-X