List of heads of state 1831

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Africa

Egypt
- Viceroy: Muhammad Ali Pasha (1805–1848)

Ethiopia
- Emperor : Jesus IV. (1830-1832)

Burundi
- King: Ntare IV. Rugamba (approx. 1796 – approx. 1850)

Dahomey
- King: Gézo (1818-1856)

Morocco
- Sultan of the Alawid dynasty: Mulai Abd ar-Rahman (1822-1859)

Rwanda
- King: Mutara II (1802-1853)

America

North America

Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President Anastasio Bustamante (1829–1832, 1837–1841 )

United States of America
- Head of State or Government: President Andrew Jackson (1829–1837)

Central America

Haiti
- Head of State and Government: President Jean-Pierre Boyer (1818–1843)

Central American Confederation
- Costa Rica : Head of State Juan Mora Fernández (1825–1833)
- El Salvador : Head of State José María Cornejo (1830–1832)
- Guatemala :
  1. Head of State Antonio Rivera Cabezas (1830-10 February 1831)
  2. Head of State Gregorio Márquez (February 10 - August 28, 1831)
  3. Head of State José Mariano Felipe Gálvez (August 28, 1831–1838)
- Honduras :?
- Nicaragua :?

South America

Bolivia
- Head of State and Government: President Andrés de Santa Cruz (1829–1839)

Brazil
- Ruler:
  1. Emperor Peter I (1822–7 April 1831)
  2. Emperor Peter II (April 7, 1831–1889)

Chile
- Head of State and Government:
  1. (incumbent) Vice President José Tomás Ovalle (1830–8 March 1831)
  2. (provisional) Fernando Errázuriz Aldunate (March 8 - September 18, 1831)
  3. President José Joaquín Prieto Vial (September 18, 1831–1841)

Ecuador
- Head of State and Government: President Juan José Flores (1830–1834)

Greater Colombia (from November 23, New Granada )
- Head of State and Government:
  1. President Rafael José Urdaneta Farías (1830–30 April 1831)
  2. President Joaquín Mosquera (May 2-November 23, 1831)

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: Consul Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia (1814–1840)

Peru (controversial)
- Head of State and Government: President Agustín Gamarra (1829–1833)

Río de la Plata (now Argentina )
- Head of State and Government: (vacant)
- Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires: General Juan Manuel de Rosas (1828–1832)

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President Fructuoso Rivera (1830–1834)

Venezuela (declared independent from Greater Colombia on November 21, controversial)
- Head of State and Government: President José Antonio Páez (November 21, 1831–1835)

Asia

Abu Dhabi
- Sheikh: Shakhbut bin Dhiyab (1818–1833)
- Sheikh: Tahnun bin Shakhbut (1818–1833)

Afghanistan
- Emir: Abdul Wakil Panah Khan (1822–1839)
- Emir: Dost Mohammed (1826–1839)

Brunei
- Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II († 1852)

China
- Qing Dynasty Emperor : Dao Guang (1821–1850)

Japan -
- Emperor : Ninkō (1817–1846)
- Shogun ( Tokugawa ): Tokugawa Ienari (1786–1837)

Korea ( Joseon )
- King : Sunjo (1800–1834)

Persia ( Qajar dynasty)
- Shah : Fath Ali (1797–1834)

Thailand
- King : Rama III. (1824-1851)

Australia and Oceania

Hawaii
- King: Kamehameha III. (Kauikeaouli) (1824-1854)

Europe

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - King of the French : Louis-Philippe (1830–1848)
  - Bishop of Urgell : Simó de Guardiola i Hortoneda (1828-1851)

Belgium
- Provisional Government (1830-25 February 1831)
- Head of State:
  - Regent Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier (February 25, 1831– July 21, 1831)
  - King Leopold I (July 21, 1831-1865)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Étienne Constantin de Gerlache (February 27, 1831– March 10, 1831)
  - Prime Minister Joseph Lebeau (March 28, 1831– July 21, 1831, 1840–1841 )
  - Prime Minister Felix de Muelenaere (July 24, 1831–1832)

Denmark
- King : Friedrich VI. (1808–1839) (1808–1814 King of Norway)

German Confederation
- Austria
  - Emperor : Franz I (1804-1835)
- Prussia
  - King : Friedrich Wilhelm III. (1797-1840)
    - State Chancellor: Carl Friedrich Heinrich Graf von Wylich and Lottum (1823–1841)
- Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg
  - Duke : Alexius Friedrich Christian (1796–1834) until 1807 Prince
- Principality of Anhalt-Dessau
  - Duke : Leopold IV (1817–1871)
- Principality of Anhalt-Köthen :
  - Duke : Heinrich (1830–1847)
- to bathe
  - Grand Duke : Leopold (1830-1852)
- Bavaria
  - King : Ludwig I (1825–1848)
    - Minister of State : Georg Friedrich Freiherr von Zentner (1825–1832)
- Braunschweig
  - Duke : Charles II (1815–1831)
  - Duke: Wilhelm (1831–1884) 1830–1831 regent
- Bremen
  - Mayor : Johann Smidt (1821–1857)
  - Mayor: Heinrich Gröning (1821–1839)
  - Mayor: Simon Hermann Nonnen (1822–1847)
  - Mayor: Johann Michael Duntze (1824–1845)
- Frankfurt
  - Elderly Mayor : Georg Friedrich von Guaita (1822) (1824) (1826) (1831) (1833) (1837) (1839)
- Hamburg
  - Mayor : Wilhelm Amsinck (1802–1811) (1813–1831)
  - Mayor: Johann Arnold Heise (1807–1811) (1813–1834)
  - Mayor: Johann Heinrich Bartels (1820–1850)
  - Mayor: Martin Garlieb Sillem (1829–1835)
  - Mayor: Amandus Augustus Abendroth (1831–1842)
- Hanover (personalunionwith Great Britain 1815–1837)
  - King : Wilhelm IV. (1830–1837)
- Hessen-Darmstadt
  - Grand Duke : Ludwig II (1830–1848)
- Hessen-Homburg
  - Landgrave : Ludwig (1829–1839)
- Hessen-Kassel
  - Elector: Wilhelm II. (1821–1847)
- Hohenzollern-Hechingen
  - Prince : Friedrich (1810–1838)
- Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
  - Prince : Anton Aloys (1785–1831)
  - Prince: Karl (1831–1848)
- Holstein and Lauenburg (personal union with Denmark 1815–1864)
  - Duke: Friedrich VI. (1815-1839)
- Liechtenstein
  - Prince : Johann I. Josef (1805–1836)
- lip
  - Prince : Leopold II (1802-1851)
- Lübeck
  - Mayor : Christian Heinrich Kindler (1825) ( 1825 , 1827, 1829, 1831, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1837, 1839, 1841, 1843 )
  - Mayor: Adolph Hinrich Voeg (1826) (1828) (1830) (1832)
  - Mayor: Christian Nicolaus von Evers
  - Mayor: Peter Hinrich Tesdorpf (1827)
- Luxembourg (personal union with the Netherlands 1815–1890)
  - Grand Duke : Wilhelm I (1815–1840)
- Mecklenburg-Schwerin
  - Grand Duke : Friedrich Franz I (1785–1837) until 1815 Duke
- Mecklenburg-Strelitz
  - Grand Duke : Georg (1816–1860)
- Nassau :
  - Duke : Wilhelm I (1816–1839)
- Oldenburg
  - Grand Duke : Paul Friedrich August (1829-1853)
- Reuss older line :
  - Prince : Heinrich XIX. (1817-1836)
- Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf
  - Prince: Heinrich LXXII. (1822-1848)
- Reuss-Schleiz
  - Prince: Heinrich LXII. (1818-1848)
- Saxony
  - King : Anton (1827–1836)
- Saxony-Altenburg
  - Duke : Friedrich (1826–1834)
- Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
  - Duke : Ernst I (1826–1844)
- Saxony-Meiningen
  - Duke : Bernhard II. (1803–1866)
- Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
  - Grand Duke : Carl Friedrich (1828-1853)
- Schaumburg-Lippe
  - Prince : Georg Wilhelm (1787–1860) until 1807 Count
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
  - Prince : Friedrich Günther (1807–1867)
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
  - Prince : Günther Friedrich Karl I (1794–1835)
- Waldeck-Pyrmont
  - Prince : George II (1813–1845)
- Württemberg
  - King : Wilhelm I (1816–1864)

France
- King : Ludwig Philipp (1830–1848)
  - Prime Minister: Jacques Laffitte (1830–1831)
  - Prime Minister: Casimir Pierre Périer (1831–1832)

Greece
- Regent : Ioannis Kapodistrias (1828–1831)
- Regent: Augustinos Kapodistrias (1831–1832)

Italian states
- Papal States
  - Pope : Gregory XVI. (1831-1846)
- Lombardy-Veneto (personal union with Austria 1815–1859 / 66)
  - King : Franz (1815–1835)
- Lucca
  - Duke: Karl Ludwig (1824–1847)
- Modena and Reggio
  - Duke : Francis IV (1814–1846)
- Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla
  - Duchess : Marie-Louise (1814–1847)
- San Marino
  - Capitani Reggenti : Giambattista Onofri , Pier Antonio Damiani (October 1, 1830– April 1, 1831)
  - Capitani Reggenti: Lodovico Belluzzi , Biagio Martelli (April 1, 1831– October 1, 1831)
  - Capitani Reggenti: Francesco Maria Belluzzi , Pier Matteo Berti (October 1, 1831– April 1, 1832)
- Sardinia
  - King : Karl Felix (1821–1831)
  - King: Karl Albert (1831–1849)
- Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
  - King : Ferdinand II (1830-1859)
- Tuscany
  - Grand Duke Leopold II (1824-1859)

Monaco
- Prince : Honoré V. (1819–1841)

Montenegro (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
- Prince-Bishop (Vladika) : Petar II. Petrović-Njegoš (1830-1851)

Netherlands (personal union with Luxembourg 1815–1890)
- King : Wilhelm I (1815–1840)

Norway
- King : Charles III. Johann (1818–1844) (identical to Karl XIV. John of Sweden; Norwegian-Swedish personal union)

Ottoman Empire
- Sultan: Mahmud II. (1808–1839)

Portugal
- King : Michael I (1828–1834)

Russia
- Emperor : Nicholas I (1825–1855)

Sweden
- King : Karl XIV. Johann (1818–1844) (1818–1844 King of Norway)

Serbia (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
- Prince : Miloš Obrenović (1817–1839, 1858–1860 )

Spain
- King : Ferdinand VII ( 1808 , 1813–1833)

Hungary
- King : Ferdinand V (1830–1848) (1835–1848 King of Bohemia, 1835–1848 Emperor of Austria)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: King Wilhelm IV (1830–1837) (1830–1837 King of Hanover)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Charles Gray, 2nd Earl Gray (1830–1834)

Wallachia (under Ottoman rule)
- Russian military administration (1828–1834)