List of heads of state 1838
Overview
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Africa
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Egypt
- Viceroy : Muhammad Ali Pasha (1805–1848)
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Ethiopia
- Kaiser : Sahle Dengel (1832–1841)
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Bunyoro
- King: Nyabongo II (1835–1848)
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Burundi
- King: Ntare IV. Rugamba (1796-1852)
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Madagascar
- Queen: Ranavalona I (1782–1861)
- Prime Minister : Rainiharo († 1852)
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Sokoto Caliphate
- Caliph:
- Muhammad Bello (1814-1837)
- Abu Bakr Atiku I (1837–1842)
- Grand Vizier: Gidago dan Laima (1817–1842)
- Caliph:
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Zulu
- King: Dingane ka Senzangakhona (1828–1840)
America
North America
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Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President Anastasio Bustamante (1837–1839, 1839–1841 )
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United States of America
- Head of State and Government: President Martin Van Buren (1837–1841)
Central America
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Haiti
- Head of State and Government: President Jean-Pierre Boyer (1818–1843)
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Central American Confederation
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Costa Rica (independent from November 14th)
- Head of State Manuel Aguilar Chacón (1837–1841)
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El Salvador :
- Head of State Diego Vigil (1837–6 January 1838)
- Head of State Timoteo Menéndez (January 6, 1838–1839)
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Guatemala :
- Head of State José Mariano Gálvez (1831–3 March 1838)
- Head of State Pedro José Valenzuela (March 3 - July 29, 1838)
- Head of State Mariano Rivera Paz (July 29, 1838–1839)
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Honduras (independent from October 26th)
- Head of state: ?
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Los Altos (founded February 2nd)
- Head of state: ?
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Nicaragua (independent from April 30th)
- Head of State José Núñez (1837 – January 1838)
- Chief Director Francisco Jiménez Rubio (January – March 13, 1838)
- Chief Director José Núñez (March 13, 1838–1839)
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Costa Rica (independent from November 14th)
South America
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Bolivia
- Head of State and Government: President Andrés de Santa Cruz (1829–1839)
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Chile
- Head of State and Government: President José Joaquín Prieto (1831–1841)
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Ecuador
- Head of State and Government: Vicente Rocafuerte (1834–1839, in rebellion )
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New Granada (now Colombia )
- Head of State and Government: President José Ignacio de Márquez (1837–1841)
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Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: Consul Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia (1814–1840)
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Peru (controversial)
- Head of State and Government:
- Supreme Protector of the Confederation Andrés de Santa Cruz (1836–25 August 1838)
- President Agustín Gamarra (August 25, 1838–1841)
- Head of State and Government:
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Río de la Plata (now Argentina )
- Head of State and Government: (vacant)
- Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires: General Juan Manuel de Rosas (1835-1852)
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Uruguay
- Head of State and Government:
- President Manuel Oribe (1835– October 24, 1838)
- (incumbent) Senate President Gabriel Antonio Pereira (October 24 - November 11, 1838)
- President Fructuoso Rivera (November 11, 1838–1843)
- Head of State and Government:
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Venezuela (controversial)
- Head of State and Government: President Carlos Soublette (1837–1839, 1843–1847 )
Asia
-
Abu Dhabi
- Caliph: Kalif bin Shakhbut (1833–1845)
- Sultan: Sultan bin Shakhbut (1833–1845)
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Afghanistan
- Emir: Abdul Wakil Panah Khan (1822–1839)
- Emir: Dost Mohammed Khan (1826–1839)
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Bahrain
- Sheikh: Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifah (1834–1842)
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Brunei
- Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II († 1852)
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China ( Qing Dynasty )
- Emperor: Daoguang (1821–1850)
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British India
- Governor General : George Eden (1836–1842)
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Persia ( Qajar dynasty)
- Shah : Mohammed Shah (1834–1848)
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Thailand
- King: Rama III. , King of Thailand (1824-1851)
Australia and Oceania
-
Hawaii
- King : Kamehameha III. (1825-1854)
Europe
-
Andorra
-
Co-princes :
- King of the French : Louis-Philippe (1830–1848)
- Bishop of Urgell : Simó de Guardiola i Hortoneda (1828-1851)
-
Co-princes :
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Belgium
- Head of State: King Leopold I (1831–1865)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt (1834–1840, 1846–1847, 1871–1874 )
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Denmark
- King : Friedrich VI. (1808–1839) (1808–1814 King of Norway)
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German Confederation
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Austria
- Emperor : Ferdinand I (1835–1848)
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Prussia
-
King : Friedrich Wilhelm III. (1797-1840)
- State Chancellor: Carl Friedrich Heinrich Graf von Wylich and Lottum (1823–1841)
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King : Friedrich Wilhelm III. (1797-1840)
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Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg
- Duke : Alexander Carl (1834–1863)
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Principality of Anhalt-Dessau
- Duke : Leopold IV (1817–1871)
- Principality of Anhalt-Köthen :
-
to bathe
- Grand Duke : Leopold (1830-1852)
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Bavaria
-
King : Ludwig I (1825–1848)
- Minister of State : Friedrich August Freiherr von Gise (1832–1846)
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King : Ludwig I (1825–1848)
- Braunschweig
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Bremen
- Mayor : Johann Smidt (1821–1857)
- Mayor: Heinrich Gröning (1821–1839)
- Mayor: Simon Hermann Nonnen (1822–1847)
- Mayor: Johann Michael Duntze (1824–1845)
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Frankfurt
- Senior mayor : Johann Gerhard Christian Thomas (1832) (1835) (1838)
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Hamburg
- Mayor : Johann Heinrich Bartels (1820–1850)
- Mayor: Amandus Augustus Abendroth (1831–1842)
- Mayor: Christian Daniel Benecke (1835–1851)
- Mayor: David Schlüter (1835–1843)
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Hanover (personalunionwith Great Britain 1815–1837)
- King : Ernst August (1837-1851)
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Hessen-Darmstadt
- Grand Duke : Ludwig II (1830–1848)
- Hessen-Homburg
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Hessen-Kassel
- Elector: Wilhelm II. (1821–1847)
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Hohenzollern-Hechingen
- Prince : Friedrich (1810–1838)
- Prince: Constantine (1838–1849)
- Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
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Holstein and Lauenburg (personal union with Denmark 1815–1864)
- Duke: Friedrich VI. (1815-1839)
- Liechtenstein
-
lip
- Prince : Leopold II (1802-1851)
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Lübeck
- Mayor : Christian Nicolaus von Evers (1836) (1838) (1840) (1842) (1844)
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Luxembourg (personal union with the Netherlands 1815–1890)
- Grand Duke : Wilhelm I (1815–1840)
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Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- Grand Duke: Paul Friedrich (1837–1842)
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Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- Grand Duke : Georg (1816–1860)
- Nassau :
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Oldenburg
- Grand Duke : Paul Friedrich August (1829-1853)
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Reuss older line
- Prince : Heinrich XX. (1836-1859)
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Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf
- Prince: Heinrich LXXII. (1822-1848)
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Reuss-Schleiz
- Prince: Heinrich LXII. (1818-1848)
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Saxony
- King : Friedrich August II. (1836-1854)
- Saxony-Altenburg
- Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
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Saxony-Meiningen
- Duke : Bernhard II. (1803–1866)
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Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
- Grand Duke : Carl Friedrich (1828-1853)
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Schaumburg-Lippe
- Prince : Georg Wilhelm (1787–1860) until 1807 Count
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Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- Prince : Friedrich Günther (1807–1867)
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Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- Prince : Günther Friedrich Karl II. (1835–1880)
- Waldeck-Pyrmont
- Württemberg
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Austria
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France
-
King : Ludwig Philipp (1830–1848)
- Prime Minister: Louis-Mathieu Molé (1836–1839, 1848)
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King : Ludwig Philipp (1830–1848)
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Italian states
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Papal States
- Pope : Gregory XVI. (1831-1846)
- Lombardy-Veneto (personal union with Austria 1815–1859 / 66)
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Lucca
- Duke: Karl Ludwig (1824–1847)
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Modena and Reggio
- Duke : Francis IV (1814–1846)
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Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla
- Duchess : Marie-Louise (1814–1847)
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San Marino
- Capitani Reggenti : Giuseppe Mercuri , Marc 'Antonio Tassini (October 1, 1837– April 1, 1838)
- Capitani Reggenti: Girolamo Gozi , Francesco Guidi Giangi (April 1, 1838– October 1, 1838)
- Capitani Reggenti: Mariano Begni , Domenico Maria Belzoppi (October 1, 1838– April 1, 1839)
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Sardinia
- King : Karl Albert (1831–1849)
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Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
- King : Ferdinand II (1830-1859)
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Tuscany
- Grand Duke Leopold II (1824-1859)
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Papal States
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Montenegro (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
- Prince-Bishop (Vladika) : Petar II. Petrović-Njegoš (1830-1851)
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Netherlands
- King: Wilhelm I (1815–1840)
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Norway
- King: Charles III. Johann (1818–1844) (identical to Karl XIV. John of Sweden; Norwegian-Swedish personal union)
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Ottoman Empire
- Sultan: Mahmud II. (1808–1839)
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Portugal (common rule 1837-1853)
- Queen : Mary II ( 1826–1828 , 1834–1853)
- King: Ferdinand II. (1837-1853) (1853-1855 regent)
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Russia
- Emperor : Nicholas I (1825–1855)
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Sweden
- King : Karl XIV. Johann (1818–1844) (1818–1844 King of Norway)
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Serbia (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
- Prince : Miloš Obrenović (1817–1839, 1858–1860 )
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Spain
- Queen : Isabella II (1833–1868)
- Regent: Maria Christina (1833–1840)
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Hungary
- King : Ferdinand V (March 2, 1835–1848) (1835–1848 King of Bohemia, 1835–1848 Emperor of Austria)
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United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Victoria (1837–1901) (1877–1901 Empress of India)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne ( 1834 , 1835–1841)
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Wallachia (under Ottoman rule)
- Prince : Alexandru II Ghica (1834–1842, 1856–1858 )