List of heads of state 1848

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Africa

Egypt
- Viceroy : Muhammad Ali Pasha (1805–1848)
- Viceroy: Ibrahim Pasha (1848)

Ethiopia
- Kaiser : Sahle Dengel (1845–1850)

Buganda
- King : Suna II (1836-1856)

Bunyoro
- King : Nyabongo II (1835–1848)
- King: Olimi V. (1848-1852)

Burundi
- King : Ntare IV. Rugamba (1796-1852)

Dahomey
- King : Gézo (1818-1856)

Liberia
- President : Joseph Jenkins Roberts (1847–1856)

Madagascar
- Queen: Ranavalona I (1782–1861)
- Prime Minister : Rainiharo († 1852)

Morocco
- Sultan : Mulai Abd ar-Rahman (1822-1859)

Rwanda
- King : Mutara II (1830-1853)

Sokoto Caliphate
- Caliph : Aliyu Babba (1842-1859)

Zulu
- King : Mpande ka Senzangakhona (1840–1872)

America

North America

Mexico
- Head of State and Government:
  1. (temporarily) Pedro María de Anaya (1847–8 January 1848)
  2. (temporarily) José Manuel de la Peña y Peña (January 8th - May 13th, 1848)
  3. President José Joaquín de Herrera (May 13, 1848-1851)

United States of America
- Head of State or Government: President James Polk (1845–1849)

Central America

Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government: President José María Castro Madriz (1847–1849, 1866–1868 )

Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government:
  1. President Pedro Santana (1844– August 4, 1848, 1853–1856, 1859–1861 )
  2. President Manuel Jimenez (August 4, 1848–1849)

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government:
  1. President Eugenio Aguilar (1846– February 1, 1848)
  2. (officiating) Tomás Medina (February 1 - February 4, 1848)
  3. (officiating) José Félix Quirós (February 4 - February 7, 1848)
  4. President Doroteo Vasconcelos (February 7, 1848-1851)

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government:
  1. President Rafael Carrera y Turcios (1844– August 16, 1848, 1851–1865 )
  2. (temporarily) Juan Antonio Martínez (August 16 - November 28, 1848)
  3. President José Bernardo Escobar (November 28 – December 30, 1848)

Haiti
- Head of State and Government: President Faustin-Élie Soulouque (1847-1859)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government: President Juan Nepomucemo Fernández Lindo (1847-1852)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: Supreme Director José María Guerrero (1847–1849)

South America

Bolivia
- Head of State and Government:
  1. President Eusebio Guilarte (1847–2 January 1848)
  2. President José Miguel Velasco (January 18 – December 6, 1848)
  3. President Manuel Isidoro Belzu (December 6, 1848–1855)

Brazil
- Ruler: Emperor Peter II (1831–1889)

Chile
- Head of State and Government: President Manuel Bulnes Prieto (1841-1851)

Ecuador
- Head of State and Government: President Vicente Ramón Roca (1845–1849)

New Granada (now Colombia )
- Head of State and Government: President Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera (1845–1849, 1861–1863, 1866–1867 )

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: President Carlos Antonio López ( 1841–1844 , 1844–1862)

Peru (controversial)
- Head of State and Government: President Ramón Castilla (1845-1851)

Río de la Plata (now Argentina )
- Head of State and Government: (vacant)
- Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires: General Juan Manuel de Rosas (1835-1852)

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President Joaquín Suárez (1843-1852)

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President José Tadeo Monagas (1847–1851)

Asia

Abu Dhabi
- Emir: Sa'id (1845–1855)

Ajman
- Sheikh: Abdul Aziz I (1841–1848)
- Sheikh: Humaid I. (1848–1872)

Afghanistan
- Emir: Dost Mohammed Khan (1842–1863)

Bahrain
- Emir: Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifah (1842–1868)

Brunei
- Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II († 1852)

China ( Qing Dynasty )
- Emperor: Daoguang (1821–1850)

British India
- Governor General :
  - Henry Hardinge (1844-1848)
  - James Andrew Broun-Ramsay (1848-1856)

Japan
- Emperor : Kōmei (1846–1867)
- Shogun : ( Tokugawa ): Tokugawa Ieyoshi (1837-1853)

Korea
- King: Heonjong (1834–1849)

Kuwait
- Emir: Djabir I (1814-1859)

Oman :
- Sultan: Sa'id IIibn Sultan (1804-1856)

Persia ( Qajar dynasty)
- Shah : Mohammed Shah (1834–1848)
- Shah: Naser od-Din Shah (1848–1896)

Thailand
- King: Rama III. , King of Thailand (1824-1851)

Australia and Oceania

Hawaii
- King : Kamehameha III. (1825-1854)

Europe

Abkhazia
- Prince: Mikheil Sharvashidze (1822–1864)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - France :
    - King of the French: Louis-Philippe (1830–1848)
    - President of France: Charles-Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (1848–1870)
  - Bishop of Urgell : Simó de Guardiola i Hortoneda (1828-1851)

Belgium
- Head of State: King Leopold I (1831–1865)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Charles Rogier (1847–1852, 1857–1868 )

Denmark (constitutional monarchy since 1848)
- Head of State:
  - King : Christian VIII (1839–20 January 1848)
  - King Frederick VII (January 20, 1848–1863)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Adam Wilhelm Moltke (March 22, 1848–1852)

German Confederation
- Austria
  - Emperor : Ferdinand I (1835–1848)
  - Emperor: Franz Joseph I (1848–1916)
    - State Chancellor Klemens Wenzel Lothar von Metternich (1821–1848)
    - Prime Minister: Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky (March 21, 1848 - April 5, 1848)
    - Prime Minister: Karl Ludwig Graf von Ficquelmont (April 19, 1848 - May 4, 1848)
    - Prime Minister: Franz Freiherr von Pillersdorf (May 4, 1848 - July 8, 1848)
    - Prime Minister: Anton Freiherr von Doblhoff-Dier (July 8, 1848 - July 18, 1848)
    - Prime Minister: Johann Freiherr von Wessenberg-Ampringen (July 18, 1848 - November 21, 1848)
    - Prime Minister: Felix Prinz zu Schwarzenberg (November 21, 1848 - 1852)
- Prussia
  - King : Friedrich Wilhelm IV. (1840–1861)
    - Prime Minister : Adolf Heinrich Graf von Arnim-Boitzenburg (March 19, 1848 - March 29, 1848)
    - Prime Minister: Ludolf Camphausen (March 29, 1848 - June 20, 1848)
    - Prime Minister: Rudolf von Auerswald (June 25, 1848 - September 8, 1848)
    - Prime Minister: Ernst von Pfuel (September 21, 1848 - November 1, 1848)
    - Prime Minister: Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von Brandenburg (1848–1850)
- Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg
  - Duke : Alexander Karl (1834–1863)
- Principality of Anhalt-Dessau
  - Duke : Leopold IV (1817–1871)
- to bathe
  - Grand Duke : Leopold (1830-1852)
- Bavaria
  - King : Ludwig I (1825–1848)
  - King: Maximilian II (1848–1864)
- Braunschweig
  - Duke : Wilhelm (1831-1884)
- Bremen
  - Mayor : Johann Smidt (1821–1857)
  - Mayor: Johann Daniel Noltenius (1839-1852)
  - Mayor: Isak Hermann Albrecht Schumacher (1847-1853)
- Frankfurt
  - Senior mayor : Carl Heinrich Georg von Heyden (1845) (1848) (1850) (1853)
- Hamburg
  - Mayor : Johann Heinrich Bartels (1820–1850)
  - Mayor: Christian Daniel Benecke (1835–1851)
  - Mayor: Heinrich Kellinghusen (1843–1844) (1845–1846) (1847–1848) (1851–1852) (1853–1854) (1855–1856) (1857–1858) (1859–1860)
  - Mayor: Johann Ludewig Dammert (1843–1855)
- Hanover
  - King : Ernst August (1837-1851)
- Hessen-Darmstadt
  - Grand Duke : Ludwig II (1830–1848)
  - Grand Duke: Ludwig III. (1848–1877)
- Hessen-Homburg
  - Landgrave : Gustav (1846–1848)
  - Landgrave: Ferdinand (1848–1866)
- Hessen-Kassel
  - Elector: Friedrich Wilhelm (1847–1866)
- Hohenzollern-Hechingen
  - Prince : Constantine (1838–1849)
- Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
  - Prince : Karl (1831–1848)
  - Prince: Karl Anton (1848–1849)
- Holstein and Lauenburg (personal union with Denmark 1815–1864)
  - Duke: Christian I (1839-1848)
  - Duke: Friedrich II. (1848–1863)
- Liechtenstein
  - Prince : Alois II. (1836-1858)
- lip
  - Prince : Leopold II (1802-1851)
- Lübeck
  - Mayor : Johann Joachim Friedrich Torkuhl (1847–1848) (1851–1852) (1857–1858)
- Luxembourg and Limburg (personal union with the Netherlands 1815–1890)
  - Grand Duke : Wilhelm II (1840–1849)
- Mecklenburg-Schwerin
  - Grand Duke : Friedrich Franz II. (1842–1883)
- Mecklenburg-Strelitz
  - Grand Duke : Georg (1816–1860)
- Nassau
  - Duke : Adolf I (1839–1866)
- Oldenburg
  - Grand Duke : Paul Friedrich August (1829-1853)
- Reuss older line
  - Prince : Heinrich XX. (1836-1859)
- Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf fell to Schleiz in 1848
  - Prince: Heinrich LXXII. (1822-1848)
- Reuss-Schleiz receives Lobenstein-Ebersdorf in 1848 and calls itself Reuss younger line
  - Prince: Heinrich LXII. (1818-1848)
- Saxony
  - King : Friedrich August II. (1836-1854)
- Saxony-Altenburg
  - Duke : Joseph (1834–1848)
  - Duke: Georg (1848-1853)
- Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
  - Duke : Ernst II (1844-1893)
- Saxony-Meiningen
  - Duke : Bernhard II. (1803–1866)
- Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
  - Grand Duke : Carl Friedrich (1828-1853)
- Schaumburg-Lippe
  - Prince : Georg Wilhelm (1787–1860) until 1807 Count
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
  - Prince : Friedrich Günther (1807–1867)
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
  - Prince : Günther Friedrich Karl II. (1835–1880)
- Waldeck-Pyrmont
  - Prince : Georg Viktor (1845-1893)
- Württemberg
  - King : Wilhelm I (1816–1864)

France
- King : Ludwig Philipp (1830–1848)
- President : Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (1848-1851)
  - Prime Minister: Louis-Mathieu Molé (1836–1839) (1848)

Greece
- King : Otto I (1832–1862)

Italian states
- Papal States
  - Pope : Pius IX (1846–1870) (1870 dissolution of the Papal States - pontificate ends in 1878)
- Lombardy-Veneto (personal union with Austria 1815–1859 / 66)
  - King : Ferdinand (1835–1848)
  - King: Franz Joseph (1848–1859 / 66)
- Modena and Reggio (receives Guastalla in 1848)
  - Duke : Franz V (1846-1859)
- Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla (Guastalla falls to Modena in 1848)
  - Duke : Karl II. Ludwig (1847–1849)
- San Marino
  - Capitani Reggenti : Giuliano Malpeli , Biagio Martelli (October 1, 1847– April 1, 1848)
  - Capitani Reggenti: Girolamo Gozi , Marino Malpeli (April 1, 1848– October 1, 1848)
  - Capitani Reggenti: Giovanni Benedetto Belluzzi , Pietro Righi (October 1, 1848– April 1, 1849)
- Sardinia
  - King : Karl Albert (1831–1849)
- Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
  - King : Ferdinand II (1830-1859)
- Tuscany
  - Grand Duke Leopold II (1824-1859)

Monaco
- Prince Florestan (1841-1856)

Montenegro (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
- Prince-Bishop (Vladika) : Petar II. Petrović-Njegoš (1830-1851)

Neutral Moresnet
- Ruler: Leopold I , King of Belgium (1831–1865)
- Ruler: Friedrich Wilhelm IV. , King of Prussia (1840–1861)
- Mayor: Arnold Timothée de Lasaulx (1817-1859)

Netherlands
- King: Wilhelm II. (1840–1849)

Norway
- King: Oskar I (1844-1859) (identical to Oskar I of Sweden; Norwegian-Swedish personal union)

Ottoman Empire
- Sultan: Abdülmecid I (1839–1861)

Portugal (common rule 1837-1853)
- Queen : Mary II ( 1826–1828 , 1834–1853)
- King: Ferdinand II. (1837-1853) (1853-1855 regent)

Russia
- Emperor : Nicholas I (1825–1855)

Sweden
- King : Oskar I (1844-1859) (1844-1859 King of Norway)

Serbia (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
- Prince : Aleksandar Karađorđević (1842–1858)

Spain
- Queen : Isabella II (1833–1868)

Hungary
- King : Ferdinand V (1835–1848) (1835–1848 King of Bohemia, 1835–1848 Emperor of Austria)
- King: Franz Joseph I (1848–1916) (1848–1916 King of Bohemia, 1848–1916 Emperor of Austria)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Victoria (1837–1901) (1877–1901 Empress of India)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Russell (1846–1852, 1865–1866 )

Wallachia (under Ottoman rule)
- Prince : Gheorghe Bibescu (1843–1848)