List of heads of state 1850

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Africa

• Egypt
  • Viceroy : Abbas Hilmi I (1849–1854)

• Ethiopia
  • Kaiser : Sahle Dengel (1845–1850)
  • Emperor: John III. (1850-1851)

• Buganda
  • King : Suna II (1836-1856)

• Bunyoro
  • King : Olimi V. (1848-1852)

• Burundi
  • King : Ntare IV. Rugamba (1796-1852)

• Dahomey
  • King : Gézo (1818-1856)

• Liberia
  • President : Joseph Jenkins Roberts (1847–1856)

• Madagascar
  • Queen: Ranavalona I (1782–1861)
  • Prime Minister : Rainiharo († 1852)

• Morocco
  • Sultan : Mulai Abd ar-Rahman (1822-1859)

• Rwanda
  • King : Mutara II (1830-1853)

• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph : Aliyu Babba (1842-1859)

• Zulu
  • King : Mpande ka Senzangakhona (1840–1872)

America

North America

• Mexico
  • Head of State and Government: President José Joaquín de Herrera (1848-1851)

• United States of America
  • Head of State and Government:
    1. President Zachary Taylor (1849– July 9, 1850)
    2. President Millard Fillmore (July 9, 1850-1853)

Central America

• Costa Rica
  • Head of State and Government: President Juan Rafael Mora Porras (1849-1859)

• Dominican Republic
  • Head of State and Government: President Buenaventura Báez (1849–1853, 1856–1858, 1868–1873, 1876–1878 )

• El Salvador
  • Head of State and Government:
    1. President Doroteo Vasconcelos (1848–1 February 1850)
    2. (incumbent) Ramón Rodríguez (February 1 - February 4, 1850)
    3. President Doroteo Vasconcelos (February 4, 1850-1851)

• Guatemala
  • Head of State and Government: (temporarily) Mariano Paredes (1849-1851)

• Haiti
  • Ruler: Emperor Faustin I (1847-1859)

• Honduras
  • Head of State and Government: President Juan Nepomucemo Fernández Lindo (1847-1852)

• Nicaragua
  • Head of State and Government: Supreme Director Norberto Ramírez (1849-1851)

South America

• Bolivia
  • Head of State and Government: President Manuel Isidoro Belzu (1848–1855)

• Brazil
  • Ruler: Emperor Peter II (1831–1889)

• Chile
  • Head of State and Government: President Manuel Bulnes Prieto (1841-1851)

• Ecuador
  • Head of State and Government:
    1. (officiating) Manuel de Ascásubi (1849–10 June 1850)
    2. (temporarily) Diego Noboa (June 10, 1850–1851, as President from December 8 )

• New Granada (now Colombia )
  • Head of State and Government: President José Hilario López (1849-1853)

• Paraguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Carlos Antonio López ( 1841–1844 , 1844–1862)

• Peru (controversial)
  • Head of State and Government: President Ramón Castilla (1845-1851)

• Río de la Plata (now Argentina )
  • Head of State and Government: (vacant)
  • Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires: General Juan Manuel de Rosas (1835-1852)

• Uruguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Joaquín Suárez (1843-1852)

• Venezuela
  • Head of State and Government: President José Tadeo Monagas (1847–1851)

Asia

• Abu Dhabi
  • Emir: Sa'id (1845–1855)

• Ajman
  • Sheikh: Humaid I. (1848–1872)

• Afghanistan
  • Emir: Dost Mohammed Khan (1842–1863)

• Bahrain
  • Emir: Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifah (1842–1868)

• Brunei
  • Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II († 1852)

• China ( Qing Dynasty )
  • Emperor: Daoguang (1821–1850)
  • Emperor: Xianfeng (1850–1861)

• British India
  • Governor General : James Andrew Broun-Ramsay (1848-1856)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Kōmei (1846–1867)
  • Shogun : ( Tokugawa ): Tokugawa Ieyoshi (1837-1853)

• Korea
  • King: Cheoljong (1849–1864)

• Kuwait
  • Emir: Djabir I (1814-1859)

• Oman
  • Sultan: Said ibn Sultan (1804-1856)

• Persia ( Qajar dynasty)
  • Shah : Naser od-Din Shah (1848–1896)

• Thailand
  • King: Rama III. , King of Thailand (1824-1851)

Australia and Oceania

• Hawaii
  • King : Kamehameha III. (1825-1854)

Europe

• Abkhazia
  • Prince: Mikheil Sharvashidze (1822–1864)

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • President of France : Charles-Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (1848–1870)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Simó de Guardiola i Hortoneda (1828-1851)

• Belgium
  • Head of State: King Leopold I (1831–1865)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Charles Rogier (1847–1852, 1857–1868 )

• Denmark
  • Head of State: King : Christian VIII. Friedrich VII. (1848–1863)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Adam Wilhelm Moltke (1848–1852)

• German Confederation
  • Austria
    • Emperor : Franz Joseph I (1848–1916)
      • Prime Minister: Felix Prinz zu Schwarzenberg (November 21, 1848 - 1852)
  • Prussia
    • King : Friedrich Wilhelm IV. (1840–1861)
      • Prime Minister : Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von Brandenburg (1848–1850)
      • Acting Prime Minister: Adalbert von Ladenberg (November 9, 1850 - December 12, 1850)
      • Prime Minister: Otto Theodor Freiherr von Manteuffel (1850–1858)
  • Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg
    • Duke : Alexander Karl (1834–1863)
  • Principality of Anhalt-Dessau
    • Duke : Leopold IV (1817–1871)
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    • Grand Duke : Leopold (1830-1852)
  • Bavaria
    • King : Maximilian II (1848–1864)
  • Braunschweig
    • Duke : Wilhelm (1831-1884)
  • Bremen
    • Mayor : Johann Smidt (1821–1857)
    • Mayor: Johann Daniel Noltenius (1839-1852)
    • Mayor: Isak Hermann Albrecht Schumacher (1847-1853)
  • Frankfurt
    • Senior mayor : Carl Heinrich Georg von Heyden (1845) (1848) (1850) (1853)
  • Hamburg
    • Mayor : Johann Heinrich Bartels (1820–1850)
    • Mayor: Christian Daniel Benecke (1835–1851)
    • Mayor: Johann Ludewig Dammert (1843–1855)
  • Hanover
    • King : Ernst August (1837-1851)
  • Hessen-Darmstadt
    • Grand Duke : Ludwig III. (1848–1877)
  • Hessen-Homburg
    • Landgrave : Ferdinand (1848–1866)
  • Hessen-Kassel
    • Elector: Friedrich Wilhelm (1847–1866)
  • Holstein and Lauenburg (personal union with Denmark 1815–1864)
    • Duke: Friedrich II. (1848–1863)
  • Liechtenstein
    • Prince : Alois II. (1836-1858)
  • lip
    • Prince : Leopold II (1802-1851)
  • Lübeck
    • Mayor : Heinrich Brehmer (1849–1850) (1861–1862) (1865–1866)
  • Luxembourg and Limburg (personal union with the Netherlands 1815–1890)
    • Grand Duke : Wilhelm III. (1849-1890)
  • Mecklenburg-Schwerin
    • Grand Duke : Friedrich Franz II. (1842–1883)
  • Mecklenburg-Strelitz
    • Grand Duke : Georg (1816–1860)
  • Nassau
    • Duke : Adolf I (1839–1866)
  • Oldenburg
    • Grand Duke : Paul Friedrich August (1829-1853)
  • Reuss older line
    • Prince : Heinrich XX. (1836-1859)
  • Reuss younger line
    • Prince : Heinrich LXII. (1848-1854)
  • Saxony
    • King : Friedrich August II. (1836-1854)
  • Saxony-Altenburg
    • Duke : Georg (1848-1853)
  • Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
    • Duke : Ernst II (1844-1893)
  • Saxony-Meiningen
    • Duke : Bernhard II. (1803–1866)
  • Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    • Grand Duke : Carl Friedrich (1828-1853)
  • Schaumburg-Lippe
    • Prince : Georg Wilhelm (1787–1860) until 1807 Count
  • Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    • Prince : Friedrich Günther (1807–1867)
  • Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
    • Prince : Günther Friedrich Karl II. (1835–1880)
  • Waldeck-Pyrmont
    • Prince : Georg Viktor (1845-1893)
  • Württemberg
    • King : Wilhelm I (1816–1864)

• France
  • President : Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (1848-1851)

• Greece
  • King : Otto I (1832–1862)

• Italian states
  • Papal States
    • Pope : Pius IX (1846–1870) (1870 dissolution of the Papal States - pontificate ends in 1878)
  • Lombardy-Veneto (personal union with Austria 1815–1859 / 66)
    • King : Franz Joseph (1848–1859 / 66)
  • Modena and Reggio
    • Duke : Franz V (1846-1859)
  • Parma and Piacenza
    • Duke : Charles III. (1849-1854)
  • San Marino
    • Capitani Reggenti : Giambattista Braschi , Marino Lonfernini (October 1, 1849– April 1, 1850)
    • Capitani Reggenti: Vincenzo Angeli , Costanzo Damiani (April 1, 1850– October 1, 1850)
    • Capitani Reggenti: Giambattista Bonelli , Marino Berti (October 1, 1850– April 1, 1851)
  • Sardinia
    • King : Victor Emanuel II (1849–1861)
  • Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
    • King : Ferdinand II (1830-1859)
  • Tuscany
    • Grand Duke Leopold II (1824-1859)

• Monaco
  • Prince Florestan (1841-1856)

• Montenegro (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
  • Prince-Bishop (Vladika) : Petar II. Petrović-Njegoš (1830-1851)

• Neutral Moresnet
  • Ruler: Leopold I , King of Belgium (1831–1865)
  • Ruler: Friedrich Wilhelm IV. , King of Prussia (1840–1861)
  • Mayor: Arnold Timothée de Lasaulx (1817-1859)

• Netherlands
  • King: Wilhelm III. (1849-1890)

• Norway
  • King: Oskar I (1844-1859) (identical to Oskar I of Sweden; Norwegian-Swedish personal union)

• Ottoman Empire
  • Sultan: Abdülmecid I (1839–1861)

• Portugal (common rule 1837-1853)
  • Queen : Mary II ( 1826–1828 , 1834–1853)
  • King: Ferdinand II. (1837-1853) (1853-1855 regent)

• Russia
  • Emperor : Nicholas I (1825–1855)

• Sweden
  • King : Oskar I (1844-1859) (1844-1859 King of Norway)

• Serbia (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
  • Prince : Aleksandar Karađorđević (1842–1858)

• Spain
  • Queen : Isabella II (1833–1868)

• Hungary
  • King : Franz Joseph I (1848–1916) (1848–1916 King of Bohemia, 1848–1916 Emperor of Austria)

• United Kingdom
  • Head of State: Queen Victoria (1837–1901) (1877–1901 Empress of India)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister John Russell (1846–1852, 1865–1866 )

• Wallachia (under Ottoman rule)
  • Prince : Barbu Dimitrie Știrbei (1849–1853, 1854–1856 )