List of heads of state 1845

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Africa

Egypt
- Viceroy : Muhammad Ali Pasha (1805–1848)

Ethiopia
- Kaiser : Sahle Dengel (1841–1845)
- Emperor: John III. (1845)
- Kaiser: Sahle Dengel (1845–1850)

Buganda
- King: Suna II (1836-1856)

Bunyoro
- King: Nyabongo II (1835–1848)

Burundi
- King: Ntare IV. Rugamba (1796-1852)

Dahomey
- King: Gézo (1818-1856)

Madagascar
- Queen: Ranavalona I (1782–1861)
- Prime Minister : Rainiharo († 1852)

Morocco
- Sultan: Mulai Abd ar-Rahman (1822-1859)

Rwanda
- King: Mutara II (1830-1853)

Sokoto Caliphate
- Caliph: Aliyu Babba (1842-1859)

Zulu
- King: Mpande ka Senzangakhona (1840–1872)

America

North America

Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President José Joaquín de Herrera (1844–1846)

United States of America
- Head of State and Government:
  1. President John Tyler (1841– March 4, 1845)
  2. President James Polk (March 4, 1845–1849)

Central America

Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government: Francisco María Oreamuno Bonilla (1844–1848)

Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Pedro Santana (1844–1848, 1853–1856, 1859–1861 )

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government:
  1. President Francisco Malespín (1844– February 15, 1845)
  2. President Joaquín Eufrasio Guzmán (February 15, 1845–1846)

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Rafael Carrera y Turcios (1844–1848, 1851–1865 )

Haiti
- Head of State and Government:
  1. President Philippe Guerrier (1844– April 15, 1845)
  2. President Jean-Louis Pierrot (April 16, 1845–1846)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government: President Coronado Chávez (January 12, 1845–1847)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government:
  1. Chief Director Silvestre Selva (1844–20 January 1845)
  2. Chief Executive Blas Antonio Sáenz (January 20– April 4, 1845)

South America

Bolivia
- Head of State and Government: President José Ballivián (1841–1847)

Brazil
- Ruler: Emperor Peter II (1831–1889)

Chile
- Head of State and Government: President Manuel Bulnes Prieto (1841-1851)

Ecuador
- Head of State and Government:
  1. President Juan José Flores ( 1830–1834 , 1839– June 18, 1845)
  2. (provisional) José Joaquín de Olmedo (June 18 - December 8, 1845)
  3. President Vicente Ramón Roca (December 8, 1845–1849)

New Granada (now Colombia )
- Head of State and Government:
  1. President Pedro Alcántara Herrán (1841– April 1, 1845)
  2. President Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera (April 1, 1845–1849, 1861–1863, 1866–1867 )

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: President Carlos Antonio López ( 1841–1844 , 1844–1862)

Peru (controversial)
- Head of State and Government:
  1. President of the Government Council Manuel Menéndez (1844–20 April 1845)
  2. President Ramón Castilla (April 20, 1845-1851)

Río de la Plata (now Argentina )
- Head of State and Government: (vacant)
- Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires: General Juan Manuel de Rosas (1835-1852)

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President Joaquín Suárez (1843-1852)

Venezuela (controversial until March 30)
- Head of State and Government: President Carlos Soublette (1843–1847)

Asia

Abu Dhabi
- Caliph: Kalif bin Shakhbut (1833–1845)
- Sultan: Sultan bin Shakhbut (1833–1845)
- Emir: Sa'id (1845–1855)

Ajman
- Sheikh: Abdul Aziz I (1841–1848)

Afghanistan
- Emir: Dost Mohammed Khan (1842–1863)

Bahrain
- Emir: Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifah (1842–1868)

Brunei
- Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II († 1852)

China ( Qing Dynasty )
- Emperor: Daoguang (1821–1850)

British India
- Governor General : Henry Hardinge (1844–1848)

Japan
- Emperor : Ninkō (1817–1846)
- Shogun : ( Tokugawa ): Tokugawa Ieyoshi (1837-1853)

Korea
- King: Heonjong (1834–1849)

Kuwait
- Emir: Djabir I (1814-1859)

Oman
- Sultan: Said ibn Sultan (1804-1856)

Persia ( Qajar dynasty)
- Shah : Mohammed Shah (1834–1848)

Thailand
- King: Rama III. , King of Thailand (1824-1851)

Australia and Oceania

Hawaii
- King : Kamehameha III. (1825-1854)

Europe

Abkhazia :
- Prince: Mikheil Sharvashidze (1822–1864)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - King of the French : Louis-Philippe I (1830–1848)
  - Bishop of Urgell : Simó de Guardiola i Hortoneda (1828-1851)

Belgium
- Head of State: King Leopold I (1831–1865)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jean-Baptiste Nothomb (1841–30 July 1845)
  - Prime Minister Sylvain van de Weyer (July 30, 1845–1846)

Denmark
- King : Christian VIII (1839–1848)

German Confederation
- Austria
  - Emperor : Ferdinand I (1835–1848)
    - State Chancellor Klemens Wenzel Lothar von Metternich (1821–1848)
- Prussia
  - King : Friedrich Wilhelm IV. (1840–1861)
- Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg
  - Duke : Alexander Karl (1834–1863)
- Principality of Anhalt-Dessau
  - Duke : Leopold IV (1817–1871)
- Principality of Anhalt-Köthen
  - Duke : Heinrich (1830–1847)
- to bathe
  - Grand Duke : Leopold (1830-1852)
- Bavaria
  - King : Ludwig I (1825–1848)
    - Minister of State : Friedrich August Freiherr von Gise (1832–1846)
- Braunschweig
  - Duke : Wilhelm (1831-1884)
- Bremen
  - Mayor : Johann Smidt (1821–1857)
  - Mayor: Simon Hermann Nonnen (1822–1847)
  - Mayor: Johann Daniel Noltenius (1839-1852)
  - Mayor: Diederich Meier (1845–1847)
- Frankfurt
  - Senior mayor : Carl Heinrich Georg von Heyden (1845) (1848) (1850) (1853)
- Hamburg
  - Mayor : Johann Heinrich Bartels (1820–1850)
  - Mayor: Christian Daniel Benecke (1835–1851)
  - Mayor: Heinrich Kellinghusen (1843–1844) (1845–1846) (1847–1848) (1851–1852) (1853–1854) (1855–1856) (1857–1858) (1859–1860)
  - Mayor: Johann Ludewig Dammert (1843–1855)
- Hanover
  - King : Ernst August (1837-1851)
- Hessen-Darmstadt
  - Grand Duke : Ludwig II (1830–1848)
- Hessen-Homburg
  - Landgrave : Philipp (1839–1846)
- Hessen-Kassel
  - Elector: Wilhelm II. (1821–1847)
- Hohenzollern-Hechingen
  - Prince : Constantine (1838–1849)
- Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
  - Prince : Karl (1831–1848)
- Holstein and Lauenburg (personal union with Denmark 1815–1864)
  - Duke: Christian I (1839-1848)
- Liechtenstein
  - Prince : Alois II. (1836-1858)
- lip
  - Prince : Leopold II (1802-1851)
- Lübeck
  - Mayor : Bernhard Heinrich Frister (1845–1846) (1853–1854)
- Luxembourg and Limburg (personal union with the Netherlands 1815–1890)
  - Grand Duke : Wilhelm II (1840–1849)
- Mecklenburg-Schwerin
  - Grand Duke : Friedrich Franz II. (1842–1883)
- Mecklenburg-Strelitz
  - Grand Duke : Georg (1816–1860)
- Nassau
  - Duke : Adolf I (1839–1866)
- Oldenburg
  - Grand Duke : Paul Friedrich August (1829-1853)
- Reuss older line
  - Prince : Heinrich XX. (1836-1859)
- Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf
  - Prince: Heinrich LXXII. (1822-1848)
- Reuss-Schleiz
  - Prince: Heinrich LXII. (1818-1848)
- Saxony
  - King : Friedrich August II. (1836-1854)
- Saxony-Altenburg
  - Duke : Joseph (1834–1848)
- Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
  - Duke : Ernst II (1844-1893)
- Saxony-Meiningen
  - Duke : Bernhard II. (1803–1866)
- Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
  - Grand Duke : Carl Friedrich (1828-1853)
- Schaumburg-Lippe
  - Prince : Georg Wilhelm (1787–1860) until 1807 Count
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
  - Prince : Friedrich Günther (1807–1867)
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
  - Prince : Günther Friedrich Karl II. (1835–1880)
- Waldeck-Pyrmont
  - Prince : George II (1813–1845)
  - Prince: Georg Viktor (1845-1893)
- Württemberg
  - King : Wilhelm I (1816–1864)

France
- King : Louis-Philippe I (1830–1848)
  - Prime Minister: Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult (1840–1847)

Greece
- King : Otto I (1832–1862)

Italian states
- Papal States
  - Pope : Gregory XVI. (1831-1846)
- Lombardy-Veneto (personal union with Austria 1815–1859 / 66)
  - King : Ferdinand (1835–1848)
- Lucca
  - Duke: Karl Ludwig (1824–1847)
- Modena and Reggio
  - Duke : Francis IV (1814–1846)
- Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla
  - Duchess : Marie-Louise (1814–1847)
- San Marino
  - Capitani Reggenti : Pietro Zoli , Marino Berti (October 1, 1844– April 1, 1845)
  - Capitani Reggenti: Giambattista Bonelli , Francesco Valli (April 1, 1845– October 1, 1845)
  - Capitani Reggenti: Domenico Maria Belzoppi , Pier Matteo Berti (October 1, 1845– April 1, 1846)
- Sardinia
  - King : Karl Albert (1831–1849)
- Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
  - King : Ferdinand II (1830-1859)
- Tuscany
  - Grand Duke Leopold II (1824-1859)

Monaco
- Prince Florestan (1841-1856)

Montenegro (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
- Prince-Bishop (Vladika) : Petar II. Petrović-Njegoš (1830-1851)

Neutral Moresnet
- Ruler: Leopold I , King of Belgium (1831–1865)
- Ruler: Friedrich Wilhelm IV. , King of Prussia (1840–1861)
- Mayor: Arnold Timothée de Lasaulx (1817-1859)

Netherlands
- King: Wilhelm II. (1840–1849)

Norway
- King: Oskar I (1844-1859) (identical to Oskar I of Sweden; Norwegian-Swedish personal union)

Ottoman Empire
- Sultan: Abdülmecid I (1839–1861)

Portugal (common rule 1837-1853)
- Queen : Mary II ( 1826–1828 , 1834–1853)
- King: Ferdinand II. (1837-1853) (1853-1855 regent)

Russia
- Emperor : Nicholas I (1825–1855)

Sweden
- King : Oskar I (1844-1859) (1844-1859 King of Norway)

Serbia (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
- Prince : Aleksandar Karađorđević (1842–1858)

Spain
- Queen : Isabella II (1833–1868)

Hungary
- King : Ferdinand V (1835–1848) (1835–1848 King of Bohemia, 1835–1848 Emperor of Austria)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Victoria (1837–1901) (1877–1901 Empress of India)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Robert Peel ( 1834–1835 , 1841–1846)

Wallachia (under Ottoman rule)
- Prince : Gheorghe Bibescu (1843–1848)