List of heads of state 1840

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Africa

Egypt :
- Viceroy : Muhammad Ali Pasha (1805–1848)

Ethiopia
- Kaiser : Sahle Dengel (1832–1841)
- Emperor: John III. (1840-1841)

Buganda
- King: Suna II (1836-1856)

Bunyoro
- King: Nyabongo II (1835–1848)

Burundi
- King: Ntare IV. Rugamba (1796-1852)

Dahomey
- King: Gézo (1818-1856)

Madagascar
- Queen: Ranavalona I (1782–1861)
- Prime Minister : Rainiharo († 1852)

Morocco
- Sultan: Mulai Abd ar-Rahman (1822-1859)

Rwanda
- King: Mutara II (1830-1853)

Sokoto Caliphate
- Caliph: Abu Bakr Atiku I (1837–1842)
- Grand Vizier: Gidago dan Laima (1817–1842)

Zulu
- King: Dingane ka Senzangakhona (1828–1840)
- King: Mpande ka Senzangakhona (1840–1872)

America

North America

Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President Anastasio Bustamante (1839–1841)

United States of America
- Head of State and Government: President Martin Van Buren (1837–1841)

Central America

Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government: Manuel Aguilar Chacón (1837–1841)

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Mariano Rivera Paz (1839–1841)

Haiti
- Head of State and Government: President Jean-Pierre Boyer (1818–1843)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government: President José Francisco Zelaya y Ayes (1839–31 December 1840)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government:
  1. Chief Director Tomás Valladares (1839 – September 1840)
  2. Chief Director Patricio Rivas (September 1840–1841)

Central American Confederation
- El Salvador :
  1. Head of State José María Silva (February 16 – April 5, 1840)
  2. Head of State Antonio José Cañas (April 15 - September 20, 1840)
  3. Head of State Norberto Ramirez (September 20, 1840–1841)
- Los Altos (captured by Guatemala on January 27th)
  - Head of state ?

South America

Bolivia
- Head of State and Government: President José Miguel de Velasco (1839–1841)

Brazil
- Ruler: Emperor Peter II (1831–1889)

Chile
- Head of State and Government: President José Joaquín Prieto (1831–1841)

Ecuador
- Head of State and Government: President Juan José Flores ( 1830–1834 , 1839–1843, 1843–1845 )

New Granada (now Colombia )
- Head of State and Government: President José Ignacio de Márquez (1837–1841)

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government:
  1. Consul Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia (1814-20 September 1840)
  2. Consul Manuel Antonio Ortiz (September 20, 1840–1841)

Peru (controversial)
- Head of State and Government: President Agustín Gamarra (1838–1841)

Río de la Plata (now Argentina )
- Head of State and Government: (vacant)
- Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires: General Juan Manuel de Rosas (1835-1852)

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President Fructuoso Rivera (1838–1843)

Venezuela (controversial)
- Head of State and Government: President José Antonio Páez ( 1830–1835 , 1839–1843)

Asia

Abu Dhabi
- Caliph: Kalif bin Shakhbut (1833–1845)
- Sultan: Sultan bin Shakhbut (1833–1845)

Ajman
- Sheikh: Humaid I. (1838–1841)

Afghanistan
- Emir: Shodja Shah Durrani (1839–1842)

Bahrain
- Sheikh: Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifah (1834–1842)

Brunei
- Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II († 1852)

China ( Qing Dynasty )
- Emperor: Daoguang (1821–1850)

British India
- Governor General : George Eden (1836–1842)

Japan
- Emperor : Ninkō (1817–1846)
- Shogun : ( Tokugawa ): Tokugawa Ieyoshi (1837-1853)

Korea ( Joseon )
- King : Heonjong (1834–1849)

Kuwait
- Emir: Djabir I (1814-1859)

Oman
- Sultan: Said ibn Sultan (1804-1856)

Persia ( Qajar dynasty)
- Shah : Mohammed Shah (1834–1848)

Thailand
- King: Rama III. , King of Thailand (1824-1851)

Australia and Oceania

Hawaii
- King : Kamehameha III. (1825-1854)

Europe

Abkhazia
- Prince: Mikheil Sharvashidze (1822–1864)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - King of the French : Louis-Philippe I (1830–1848)
  - Bishop of Urgell : Simó de Guardiola i Hortoneda (1828-1851)

Belgium
- Head of State: King Leopold I (1831–1865)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt (1834–18 April 1840, 1846–1847, 1871–1874 )
  - Prime Minister Jean Louis Joseph Lebeau (April 18, 1840–1841)

Denmark
- King : . Christian VIII (1839-1848)

German Confederation
- Austria
  - Emperor : Ferdinand I (1835–1848)
    - State Chancellor Klemens Wenzel Lothar von Metternich (1821–1848)
- Prussia
  - King : Friedrich Wilhelm III. (1797-1840)
  - King: Friedrich Wilhelm IV. (1840–1861)
    - State Chancellor: Carl Friedrich Heinrich Graf von Wylich and Lottum (1823–1841)
- Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg
  - Duke : Alexander Karl (1834–1863)
- Principality of Anhalt-Dessau
  - Duke : Leopold IV (1817–1871)
- Principality of Anhalt-Köthen :
  - Duke : Heinrich (1830–1847)
- to bathe
  - Grand Duke : Leopold (1830-1852)
- Bavaria
  - King : Ludwig I (1825–1848)
    - Minister of State : Friedrich August Freiherr von Gise (1832–1846)
- Braunschweig
  - Duke : Wilhelm (1831-1884)
- Bremen
  - Mayor : Johann Smidt (1821–1857)
  - Mayor: Simon Hermann Nonnen (1822–1847)
  - Mayor: Johann Michael Duntze (1824–1845)
  - Mayor: Johann Daniel Noltenius (1839-1852)
- Frankfurt
  - Senior Mayor : Gottfried Scharff (1840) (1842) (1844) (1846)
- Hamburg
  - Mayor : Johann Heinrich Bartels (1820–1850)
  - Mayor: Amandus Augustus Abendroth (1831–1842)
  - Mayor: Christian Daniel Benecke (1835–1851)
  - Mayor: David Schlüter (1835–1843)
- Hanover (personalunionwith Great Britain 1815–1837)
  - King : Ernst August (1837-1851)
- Hessen-Darmstadt
  - Grand Duke : Ludwig II (1830–1848)
- Hessen-Homburg
  - Landgrave : Philipp (1839–1846)
- Hessen-Kassel
  - Elector: Wilhelm II. (1821–1847)
- Hohenzollern-Hechingen
  - Prince : Constantine (1838–1849)
- Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
  - Prince : Karl (1831–1848)
- Holstein and Lauenburg (personal union with Denmark 1815–1864)
  - Duke: Christian I (1839-1848)
- Liechtenstein
  - Prince : Alois II. (1836-1858)
- lip
  - Prince : Leopold II (1802-1851)
- Lübeck
  - Mayor : Christian Nicolaus von Evers (1836) (1838) (1840) (1842) (1844)
- Luxembourg and Limburg (personal union with the Netherlands 1815–1890)
  - Grand Duke : Wilhelm I (1815–1840)
  - Grand Duke: Wilhelm II (1840–1849)
- Mecklenburg-Schwerin
  - Grand Duke : Paul Friedrich (1837–1842)
- Mecklenburg-Strelitz
  - Grand Duke : Georg (1816–1860)
- Nassau
  - Duke : Adolf I (1839–1866)
- Oldenburg
  - Grand Duke : Paul Friedrich August (1829-1853)
- Reuss older line :
  - Prince : Heinrich XX. (1836-1859)
- Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf
  - Prince: Heinrich LXXII. (1822-1848)
- Reuss-Schleiz
  - Prince: Heinrich LXII. (1818-1848)
- Saxony
  - King : Friedrich August II. (1836-1854)
- Saxony-Altenburg
  - Duke : Joseph (1834–1848)
- Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
  - Duke : Ernst I (1826–1844)
- Saxony-Meiningen
  - Duke : Bernhard II. (1803–1866)
- Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
  - Grand Duke : Carl Friedrich (1828-1853)
- Schaumburg-Lippe
  - Prince : Georg Wilhelm (1787–1860) until 1807 Count
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
  - Prince : Friedrich Günther (1807–1867)
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
  - Prince : Günther Friedrich Karl II. (1835–1880)
- Waldeck-Pyrmont
  - Prince : George II (1813–1845)
- Württemberg
  - King : Wilhelm I (1816–1864)

France
- King : Louis-Philippe I (1830–1848)
  - Prime Minister: Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult (1839-1840)
  - Prime Minister: Adolphe Thiers (1840)
  - Prime Minister: Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult (1840–1847)

Greece
- King : Otto I (1832–1862)

Italian states
- Papal States
  - Pope : Gregory XVI. (1831-1846)
- Lombardy-Veneto (personal union with Austria 1815–1859 / 66)
  - King : Ferdinand (1835–1848)
- Lucca
  - Duke: Karl Ludwig (1824–1847)
- Modena and Reggio
  - Duke : Francis IV (1814–1846)
- Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla
  - Duchess : Marie-Louise (1814–1847)
- San Marino
  - Capitani Reggenti : Giuliano Malpeli , Biagio Martelli (October 1, 1839– April 1, 1840)
  - Capitani Reggenti: Giovanni Benedetto Belluzzi , Pietro Righi (April 1, 1840– October 1, 1840)
  - Capitani Reggenti: Raffaele Gozi , Pietro Zoli (October 1, 1840– April 1, 1841)
- Sardinia
  - King : Karl Albert (1831–1849)
- Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
  - King : Ferdinand II (1830-1859)
- Tuscany
  - Grand Duke Leopold II (1824-1859)

Monaco
- Prince : Honoré V. (1819–1841)

Montenegro (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
- Prince-Bishop (Vladika) : Petar II. Petrović-Njegoš (1830-1851)

Neutral Moresnet
- Ruler: Leopold I , King of the Belgians (1831–1865)
- Ruler: Friedrich Wilhelm IV. , King of Prussia (1840–1861)
- Mayor: Arnold Timothée de Lasaulx (1817-1859)

Netherlands
- King: Wilhelm I (1815–1840)
- King: . Wilhelm II (1840-1849)

Norway
- King: Charles III. Johann (1818–1844) (identical to Karl XIV. John of Sweden; Norwegian-Swedish personal union)

Ottoman Empire
- Sultan: Abdülmecid I (1839–1861)
- Grand Vizier: Hüsrev Mehmed Pascha (1839–1841)

Portugal (common rule 1837-1853)
- Queen : Mary II ( 1826–1828 , 1834–1853)
- King: Ferdinand II. (1837-1853) (1853-1855 regent)

Russia
- Emperor : Nicholas I (1825–1855)

Sweden
- King : Karl XIV. Johann (1818–1844) (1818–1844 King of Norway)

Serbia (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
- Prince : Mihailo Obrenović III. (1839-1842, 1860-1868 )

Spain
- Queen : Isabella II (1833–1868)
- Regent: Maria Christina (1833–1840)
- Regent: Baldomero Espartero (1840–1843)

Hungary
- King : Ferdinand V (1835–1848) (1835–1848 King of Bohemia, 1835–1848 Emperor of Austria)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Victoria (1837–1901) (1877–1901 Empress of India)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne ( 1834 , 1835–1841)

Wallachia (under Ottoman rule)
- Prince : Alexandru II Ghica (1834–1842, 1856–1858 )