List of Heads of State 1852

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government:
  1. President Francisco Dueñas (1851– January 30, 1852)
  2. (incumbent) José María San Martín (January 30 - February 1, 1852)
  3. President Francisco Dueñas (February 1, 1852–1854, 1863–1871 )

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Rafael Carrera y Turcios ( 1844–1848 , 1851–1865)

Haiti
- Ruler: Emperor Faustin I (1847-1859)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government:
  1. President Juan Nepomucemo Fernández Lindo (1847– January 31, 1852)
  2. President Francisco Gómez y Argüelles (January 31 – March 1, 1852)
  3. President José de la Trinidad Francisco Cabañas Fiallos (March 1, 1852–1855)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: Supreme Director José Laureano Pineda Ugarte (1851-1853)

South America

Bolivia
- Head of State and Government: President Manuel Isidoro Belzu (1848–1855)

Brazil
- Ruler: Emperor Peter II (1831–1889)

Chile
- Head of State and Government: President Manuel Montt (1851–1861)

Ecuador
- Head of State and Government:
  1. (temporarily) José María Urbina (1851–16 October 1852, as President from 6 September )

New Granada (now Colombia )
- Head of State and Government: President José Hilario López (1849-1853)

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: President Carlos Antonio López ( 1841–1844 , 1844–1862)

Peru (controversial)
- Head of State and Government: President José Rufino Echenique (1851–1855)

Río de la Plata (now Argentina )
- Head of State and Government:
  1. Chairman of the Confederation Juan Manuel de Rosas ( 1835-1851 , 1851-3 February 1852)
  2. Vicente López y Planes (February – May 31, 1852)
  3. (provisional) Chairman Justo José de Urquiza (May 31, 1852–1854)

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government:
  1. President Joaquín Suárez (1843– February 15, 1852)
  2. (incumbent) Senate President Bernardo Prudencio Berro (February 15 – March 1, 1852)
  3. President Juan Francisco Giró (March 1, 1852-1853)

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President José Gregorio Monagas (1851–1855)

Asia

Abu Dhabi
- Emir: Sa'id (1845–1855)

Ajman
- Sheikh: Humaid I. (1848–1872)

Afghanistan
- Emir: Dost Mohammed Khan (1842–1863)

Bahrain
- Emir: Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifah (1842–1868)

Brunei
- Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II († 1852)

China ( Qing Dynasty )
- Emperor: Xianfeng (1850–1861)

British India
- Governor General : James Andrew Broun-Ramsay (1848-1856)

Japan
- Emperor : Kōmei (1846–1867)
- Shogun : ( Tokugawa ): Tokugawa Ieyoshi (1837-1853)

Korea
- King: Cheoljong (1849–1864)

Kuwait
- Emir: Djabir I (1814-1859)

Oman
- Sultan: Said ibn Sultan (1804-1856)

Persia ( Qajar dynasty)
- Shah : Naser od-Din Shah (1848–1896)

Thailand
- King: Mongkut , King of Thailand (1851–1868)

Australia and Oceania

Hawaii
- King : Kamehameha III. (1825-1854)

Europe

Abkhazia
- Prince: Mikheil Sharvashidze (1822–1864)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - Emperor of France : Napoleon III. (1848-1870)
  - Bishop of Urgell : Josep Caixal i Estradé (1851–1879)

Belgium
- Head of State: King Leopold I (1831–1865)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Charles Rogier (1847–31 October 1852, 1857–1868 )
  - Prime Minister Henri de Brouckère (October 31, 1852–1855)

Denmark
- Head of State: King : Christian VIII. Friedrich VII. (1848–1863)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Adam Wilhelm Moltke (1848–27 January 1852)
  - Prime Minister Christian Albrecht Bluhme (January 27, 1852–1853, 1864–1865 )

German Confederation
- Austria
  - Emperor : Franz Joseph I (1848–1916)
    - Prime Minister: Felix Prinz zu Schwarzenberg (November 21, 1848 - 1852)
    - Prime Minister: Karl Ferdinand Graf von Buol-Schauenstein (1852-1859)
- Prussia
  - King : Friedrich Wilhelm IV. (1840–1861)
    - Prime Minister : Otto Theodor Freiherr von Manteuffel (1850–1858)
- Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg
  - Duke : Alexander Karl (1834–1863)
- Principality of Anhalt-Dessau
  - Duke : Leopold IV (1817–1871)
- to bathe
  - Grand Duke : Leopold (1830-1852)
  - Grand Duke: Ludwig II (1852-1856) unable to rule
  - Regent: Friedrich I. (1852-1856)
- Bavaria
  - King : Maximilian II (1848–1864)
- Braunschweig
  - Duke : Wilhelm (1831-1884)
- Bremen
  - Mayor : Johann Smidt (1821–1857)
  - Mayor: Johann Daniel Noltenius (1839-1852)
  - Mayor: Isak Hermann Albrecht Schumacher (1847-1853)
- Frankfurt
  - Elderly Mayor : Johann Georg Neuburg (1852) (1854) (1856) (1858) (1862)
- Hamburg
  - Mayor: Johann Ludewig Dammert (1843–1855)
  - Mayor: Heinrich Kellinghusen (1843–1844) (1845–1846) (1847–1848) (1851–1852) (1853–1854) (1855–1856) (1857–1858) (1859–1860)
- Hanover
  - King : George V (1851–1866)
- Hessen-Darmstadt
  - Grand Duke : Ludwig III. (1848–1877)
- Hessen-Homburg
  - Landgrave : Ferdinand (1848–1866)
- Hessen-Kassel
  - Elector: Friedrich Wilhelm (1847–1866)
- Holstein and Lauenburg (personal union with Denmark 1815–1864)
  - Duke: Friedrich II. (1848–1863)
- Liechtenstein
  - Prince : Alois II. (1836-1858)
- lip
  - Prince : Leopold III. (1851–1873)
- Lübeck
  - Mayor : Johann Joachim Friedrich Torkuhl (1847–1848) (1851–1852) (1857–1858)
- Luxembourg and Limburg (personal union with the Netherlands 1815–1890)
  - Grand Duke : Wilhelm III. (1849-1890)
- Mecklenburg-Schwerin
  - Grand Duke : Friedrich Franz II. (1842–1883)
- Mecklenburg-Strelitz
  - Grand Duke : Georg (1816–1860)
- Nassau
  - Duke : Adolf I (1839–1866)
- Oldenburg
  - Grand Duke : Paul Friedrich August (1829-1853)
- Reuss older line
  - Prince : Heinrich XX. (1836-1859)
- Reuss younger line
  - Prince : Heinrich LXII. (1848-1854)
- Saxony
  - King : Friedrich August II. (1836-1854)
- Saxony-Altenburg
  - Duke : Georg (1848-1853)
- Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
  - Duke : Ernst II (1844-1893)
- Saxony-Meiningen
  - Duke : Bernhard II. (1803–1866)
- Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
  - Grand Duke : Carl Friedrich (1828-1853)
- Schaumburg-Lippe
  - Prince : Georg Wilhelm (1787–1860) until 1807 Count
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
  - Prince : Friedrich Günther (1807–1867)
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
  - Prince : Günther Friedrich Karl II. (1835–1880)
- Waldeck-Pyrmont
  - Prince : Georg Viktor (1845-1893)
- Württemberg
  - King : Wilhelm I (1816–1864)

France :
- Emperor : Napoleon III. (1851-1870)

Greece
- King : Otto I (1832–1862)

Italian states
- Papal States
  - Pope : Pius IX (1846–1870) (1870 dissolution of the Papal States - pontificate ends in 1878)
- Lombardy-Veneto (personal union with Austria 1815–1859 / 66)
  - King : Franz Joseph (1848–1859 / 66)
- Modena and Reggio
  - Duke : Franz V (1846-1859)
- Parma and Piacenza
  - Duke : Charles III. (1849-1854)
- San Marino
  - Capitani Reggenti : Domenic 'Antonio Bartolotti , Antonio Para (October 1, 1851– April 1, 1852)
  - Capitani Reggenti: Melchiorre Filippi , Pietro Righi (April 1, 1852– October 1, 1852)
  - Capitani Reggenti: Filippo Belluzzi , Gaetano Simoncini (October 1, 1852– April 1, 1853)
- Sardinia
  - King : Victor Emanuel II (1849–1861)
- Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
  - King : Ferdinand II (1830-1859)
- Tuscany
  - Grand Duke Leopold II (1824-1859)

Monaco
- Prince Florestan (1841-1856)

Montenegro (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
- Prince : Danilo II. Petrović-Njegoš (1851–1860) (until 1852 Prince-Bishop )

Neutral Moresnet
- Ruler: Leopold I , King of Belgium (1831–1865)
- Ruler: Friedrich Wilhelm IV. , King of Prussia (1840–1861)
- Mayor: Arnold Timothée de Lasaulx (1817-1859)

Netherlands
- King: Wilhelm III. (1849-1890)

Norway
- King: Oskar I (1844-1859) (identical to Oskar I of Sweden; Norwegian-Swedish personal union)

Ottoman Empire
- Sultan: Abdülmecid I (1839–1861)

Portugal (common rule 1837-1853)
- Queen : Mary II ( 1826–1828 , 1834–1853)
- King: Ferdinand II. (1837-1853) (1853-1855 regent)

Russia
- Emperor : Nicholas I (1825–1855)

Sweden
- King : Oskar I (1844-1859) (1844-1859 King of Norway)

Serbia (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
- Prince : Aleksandar Karađorđević (1842–1858)

Spain
- Queen : Isabella II (1833–1868)

Hungary
- King : Franz Joseph I (1848–1916) (1848–1916 King of Bohemia, 1848–1916 Emperor of Austria)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Victoria (1837–1901) (1877–1901 Empress of India)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister John Russell (1846–23 February 1852, 1865–1866 )
  - Prime Minister Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby (February 23, 1852– December 19, 1852, 1858–1859, 1866–1868 )
  - Prime Minister George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen (December 19, 1852–1855)

Wallachia (under Ottoman rule)
- Prince : Barbu Dimitrie Știrbei (1849–1853, 1854–1856 )