Massels

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Massels
Massels (France)
Massels
region Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department Lot-et-Garonne
Arrondissement Villeneuve-sur-Lot
Canton Le Pays de Serres
Community association Fumel Vallée du Lot
Coordinates 44 ° 19 ′  N , 0 ° 51 ′  E Coordinates: 44 ° 19 ′  N , 0 ° 51 ′  E
height 97-229 m
surface 6.17 km 2
Residents 115 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 19 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 47140
INSEE code 47161
Website www.massels.fr

Sainte-Quitterie church

Massels is a French municipality with 115 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Lot-et-Garonne in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Villeneuve-sur-Lot and the canton of Le Pays de Serres (until 2015: canton of Penne-d'Agenais ).

The name of the parish is believed to be derived from a person's name.

The inhabitants are called Masselaises and Masselaises .

geography

Massels is located about 16 kilometers southeast of Villeneuve-sur-Lot in the historic province of Agenais on the eastern border with the neighboring Tarn-et-Garonne department .

Massels is surrounded by the four neighboring communities:

Massoulès
Frespech Neighboring communities Saint-Amans-du-Pech
(Tarn-et-Garonne)
Blaymont

Massels lies in the catchment area of ​​the Garonne River . The Tancanne, a tributary of the Boudouyssou , crosses the territory of the municipality.

history

The remains of a villa were found on the road to the hamlet of Pardissous, evidence of the settlement of the area since ancient times . The development of Massels went in the High Middle Ages accompanied by the establishment of a priory and a Commandery of Knights Templar , which has since disappeared. It was under the Abbey of Saint-Pierre in Moissac and received the Knights of the Order of Malta . The parish of Sainte-Quitterie with its branch of Saint-Pierre belonged to the archpriesthood of Villeneuve. It was in the judicial district of Penne-d'Agenais , from the 15th century that of Frespech.

Population development

When records began, the number of inhabitants reached a peak of around 390 at the beginning of the 19th century. In the period that followed, the size of the community fell to 120 inhabitants after the Second World War . A growth phase followed until the 1960s with a relative high of 120 inhabitants. Another phase of stagnation followed until the turn of the millennium, before a new phase of moderate growth set in, which continues today.

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2011 2017
Residents 168 137 110 109 104 91 103 111 115
From 1962 official figures excluding residents with a second residence
Sources: EHESS / Cassini until 2006, INSEE from 2011

Attractions

Parish church of Sainte-Quitterie

The church is dedicated to St. Quiteria , who is particularly venerated in Gascony . The only building that has survived the centuries from the Commandery is the Romanesque church from the 12th century. Two side chapels were added in the 15th century . The northern one was destroyed before 1668, as can be seen from the walled-up arcades . The southern chapel was used as a cemetery chapel by the Lacam Seigneurs . It is decorated with wall paintings at the end of the 15th century , which were only rediscovered in 1993. A tabernacle with a curly lintel is set into the south wall of the chapel. In the 18th century a vestibule and a sacristy were added to the south . The western entrance portal is in the vestibule at the foot of the bell gable . This has two arched openings for the bells. The vault of the nave , which was still missing in 1668, was built at the end of the 18th or the beginning of the 19th century. In 1880 the porch was repaired by the contractor Tancogne, which had previously collapsed in large parts.

The cemetery surrounds the apse , which is narrower than the nave and has a boiler vault. A round arch- shaped triumphal arch is in front of it, which rests on thick pillars . The single nave nave is provided with a barrel vault , the southern chapel with a four-part ribbed vault . The church is built with a medium, even masonry bond with the exception of the vestibule, the sacristy and the bell gable, which were built with thick rubble stone . A gallery made of oak wood with a railing with flat cut balusters is located on the west side of the nave.

The church has been inscribed as a Monument historique since August 26, 1994 , and the side chapel has been classified as a Monument historique since December 27, 1996 .

The investigation report from 1572, which was made after the looting of the church by Huguenots , describes the church as burned down together with its furnishings including the bells. Nicolas de Villars found the church in pretty good condition in 1595, but without baptismal fonts or embellishments. The furnishings were restored in the course of the 17th century. In 1668, the main altar with its tapestry antependium and its gilded and painted tabernacle was described as magnificent. There was also a large painting of Christ crucified between Saint Quiteria, Saint Lawrence and Louis IX. and candlesticks made of gilded wood. Apart from a baptismal font from the 17th century, none of these elements are left. The entire equipment was completely replaced in the first half of the 19th century. The two classical altars, like the pulpit, probably date from the 1820s. The holy water font bears the year "1820". Work in the south chapel in 1993 and 1994 brought to light significant wall paintings, believed to date from the late 15th century.

Wall painting with the use of glue paint consists of fragments of pictures on three levels, separated by blinds . A fourth, uppermost level extends between the ribs of the vault. In a clockwise direction on the north, east and south walls of the chapel, they show the Passion in chronological order , starting with the Lord's Supper and the Judas kiss, putting on the crown of thorns , Christ carrying the Cross , the crucifixion, the Descent from the Cross , the Entombment, the Resurrection of Jesus Christ until the Last Judgment .

Parish Church of Saint-Pierre-ès-liens

Parish Church of Saint-Pierre-ès-liens

The first church was donated to the Saint-Pierre Abbey in Moissac in 1072. The oldest part of the current church is the apse, which dates from the middle of the 12th century. With one exception, their narrow window openings have been bricked up over time. The nave is six stone rows less high than the apse and was built at a somewhat later date. In the 18th century the south wall of the nave was repaired and a sacristy and a vestibule were added to the south of the nave. The triangular bell gable with an arched opening is believed to have been erected at the same time.

An entrance in the form of a segment arch allows access to the single-nave nave. The choir opens over a triumphal arch that rests on massive pillars. The nave and the first yoke of the chancel are provided with a barrel vault made of plastered rubble stones, the choir with a boiler vault. The apse and the north wall of the nave are made of a medium, even masonry bond, the southern wall of the nave shows an uneven masonry bond in the upper parts. The roofs are covered with hollow tiles. As with the parish church of Sainte-Quitterie, there is also a gallery made of oak wood with a railing with flat-cut balusters on the west side of the nave.

The church has been inscribed as a Monument historique since March 30, 1985 .

There is no information about the church furnishings prior to 1668. At the time she is described as humble. The main altar had no tabernacle but was surmounted by a six- foot painting . The altar of St. Catherine had a large reredos without decorations. Apart from a silver chalice , there were no valuable objects until the French Revolution , a stone baptismal font and a painting from the 17th century that is not identical to the work described around 1668. The rest of the furnishings date from the middle or second half of the 19th century.

Lacam Castle

Jean-François de Gourdon de Genouillac (1645–1696), Baron von Lespech, allowed in an undated, but before 1682 document, Coderc de Lacam, captain of the Chevaulegers , to demolish the existing manor house, stables, outbuildings, dovecotes and defensive elements. In the same script he authorized the new building according to Coderc's ideas. It was also granted to close the inner courtyard with portals , to build a chapel, to move the dovecote or to build a new one and to create fish ponds. On September 20, 1682, Coderc de Lacam gave the master mason Anthoine Dumoulin the building contract. On the central keystone of the entrance to the stables, the year “1679” is entered as the oldest date. It obviously indicates the time of the permit and shows that the stables were completed first. The year “1695” on the east wing of the main building probably indicates the end of construction work. The chapel was probably built a little later in 1744. Other dates from the end of the 18th century testify to a series of construction work, "1770" on the fountain wheel, "1771" and "1789" on the plastering of the east wing, "1789" on the entrance portal. The property included a brick factory in the hamlet of La Tuilerie, which was converted into accommodation, and two watermills above the Tancanne, one of which has disappeared and one of which has fallen apart.

The castle was built on the edge of a plateau above the Tancanne River. The buildings are grouped in a U-shape around an inner courtyard, which can be entered in the north through an entrance portal. The main building in the middle with a basement with a barrel vault can be reached via a brick staircase. A wooden staircase leads to the attic. The entrance is protected by a canopy that rests on two pillars and is framed by pilasters crowned by a pediment . Seven large rectangular windows give light to the ground floor. A twin window illuminates the basement. The great hall has kept its original fireplace. There is a portrait of the client, Coderc de Lacam, on a horse.

The outbuildings on the north side of the courtyard are separate from the residential building. They house the barrel vaulted chapel, the wine store, a shed, the bakery, the chicken coop and the horse stable. The dovecote is inserted between the bakery and the chicken coop. The fountain in the middle of the courtyard is protected by a tent roof that rests on four pillars and is protected by a wire mesh. The garden extends to the west of the property.

The castle is owned by a private person. The residential building and its two wings, facades and roofs of the outbuildings and the fountain have been inscribed as Monuments historique since July 9, 1998 .

Economy and Infrastructure

Agriculture is one of the most important economic factors in the municipality.

Active workplaces by industry on December 31, 2015
Total = 23

traffic

Massels can be reached via Routes départementales 224 and 656, the former Route nationale 656 .

Personalities

Paul Froment, born on January 17, 1875 in Floressas ( Lot ), died on June 15, 1898 in Les Roches-de-Condrieu ( Isère ), was an Occitan poet and Félibrige in the Quercy . He lived in the parish area and wrote many of his works here. Paul Froment died at a young age by drowning in the Rhone .

Web links

Commons : Massels  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Massels ( fr ) Conseil régional d'Aquitaine. Archived from the original on July 10, 2016. Retrieved March 22, 2019.
  2. ↑ Ma commune: Massels ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved March 22, 2019.
  3. ^ Villa Romaine ( fr ) Municipality of Massels. Retrieved March 22, 2019.
  4. ↑ a b Massels et son histoire ( fr ) Association of Fumel Vallée du Lot municipalities. Retrieved March 22, 2019.
  5. ↑ Notice Communale Massels ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved March 22, 2019.
  6. ↑ Populations légales 2016 Commune de Massels (47161) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved March 22, 2019.
  7. ↑ église paroissiale Sainte-Quitterie ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . March 22, 2007. Accessed March 22, 2019.
  8. ↑ Eglise Sainte-Quitterie ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . September 22, 2015. Accessed March 22, 2019.
  9. ↑ Le mobilier de l'église paroissiale Sainte-Quitterie ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . May 3, 2004. Retrieved March 22, 2019.
  10. ↑ peinture monumentale: Scènes de la Passion, Jugement dernier ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . May 3, 2004. Retrieved March 22, 2019.
  11. ↑ Eglise de Sainte Quitterie ( fr ) Municipal Massels. Retrieved March 22, 2019.
  12. ↑ église paroissiale Saint-Pierre-ès-liens ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . March 22, 2007. Accessed March 22, 2019.
  13. ^ Eglise Saint-Pierre ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . September 22, 2015. Accessed March 22, 2019.
  14. ↑ Le mobilier de l'église paroissiale Saint-Pierre-ès-liens ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . May 3, 2004. Retrieved March 22, 2019.
  15. ^ Manoir, dit Château de Lacam ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . March 22, 2007. Accessed March 22, 2019.
  16. ^ Château de Lacam ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . September 22, 2015. Accessed March 22, 2019.
  17. ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Massels (47161) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved March 22, 2019.
  18. ^ Paul Froment (1875–1898) ( fr ) Bibliothèque nationale de France . Retrieved March 22, 2019.