Indianapolis

"Indianapolis" redirects here. For other uses, see Indianapolis (disambiguation).

City of Indianapolis
City
File:IndyNight.jpg
Flag Official seal of City of Indianapolis Seal
Nickname(s):  Indy, The Circle City, The Crossroads of America, The Racing Capital of the World, Naptown
Location in the state of Indiana
Country	United States
State	Indiana
County	Marion
Founded	1821
Government
• Type	Mayor-Council
• Mayor	Greg Ballard (R)
• Governing body	City Council
Area
• City	372 sq mi (963.5 km2)
• Land	365.1 sq mi (945.6 km2)
• Water	6.9 sq mi (17.9 km2)
Elevation	715 ft (218 m)
Population  (2006)
• City	785,597
• Density	2,152/sq mi (837/km2)
• Urban	1,219,000
• Metro	1,984,644 (2,006 CSA est.)
Time zone	UTC-5 (EST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-4 (EDT)
Area code	317
FIPS code	18-36003Template:GR
Website	www.indygov.org

Indianapolis (Template:PronEng) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Indiana, and the county seat of Marion County, Indiana. The 2000 Census counted the city's population (excluding included towns) at 781,870. It is Indiana's most populous city and is the 13th largest city in the U.S., the third largest city in the Midwest, and the second most populous Capital in the U.S., behind Phoenix, Arizona.

Like many other Rust Belt cities, Indianapolis has diversified its economic base in order to avoid relying solely on manufacturing. A large part of this diversification includes the hosting of events, especially sporting events. The labels of The Amateur Sports Capital of the World, and The Racing Capital of the World, have both been applied to Indianapolis. The city has hosted the 1987 Pan American Games, both Men's and Women's NCAA Basketball Tournaments, the Big Ten Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, the Allstate 400 at the Brickyard, the United States Grand Prix (2000-2007), the 2002 World Basketball Championship, and is perhaps most famous for the annual Indianapolis 500, known as the "Greatest Spectacle in Racing." The attendance at the Indianapolis 500 and the Allstate 400 makes them the two largest single day sporting events in the world, with well over 250,000 fans in attendance at each. Indianapolis also hosts NHRA's US National Drags just west of the city in the town of Clermont. Indianapolis has the second most monuments inside city limits, behind only Washington D.C.. There have also been two United States Navy vessels named after Indianapolis, including the famous USS Indianapolis (CA-35) which suffered the worst single at-sea loss of life in the history of the U.S. Navy.

The Indianapolis metropolitan area has seen modest and steady growth among U.S. cities., with growth centered in the surrounding counties of Hamilton, Hendricks, and Johnson. Hamilton and Hendricks Counties are currently the fastest growing counties in Indiana and in the Midwest, although the state as a whole is only showing modest growth. Currently, the Combined Statistical Area stands at 1,984,644, making it the 23rd largest in the U.S.

History

Further information: History of Indianapolis

Indianapolis was selected as the site of the new state capital in 1820. Jeremiah Sullivan, a judge of the Indiana Supreme Court, invented the name Indianapolis by joining Indiana with polis, the Greek word for city; literally, Indianapolis means "Indiana City". The city was founded on the White River under the incorrect assumption that the river would serve as a major transportation artery; however, the waterway was too sandy for trade. The capital moved from Corydon on January 10, 1825 and the state commissioned Alexander Ralston to design the new capital city. Ralston was an apprentice to the French architect Pierre L'Enfant, and he helped L'Enfant plan Washington, DC. Ralston's original plan for Indianapolis called for a city of only one square mile (3 km²). At the center of the city sat the Governor's Circle, a large circular commons, which was to be the site of the Governor's mansion. Meridian and Market Streets converge at the Circle and continue north and south and east and west, respectively. The Governor's mansion was eventually demolished in 1857 and in its place stands a 284-foot (87 m) tall neoclassical limestone and bronze monument, the Indiana Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. The surrounding street is now known as Monument Circle.

The city lies on the original east-west National Road. The first railroad to service Indianapolis, the Madison & Indianapolis, began operation on October 1, 1847, and subsequent railroad connections made expansive growth possible. Indianapolis was the home of the first Union Station, or common rail passenger terminal, in the United States. By the turn of the century, Indianapolis had become a heavy automobile manufacturer, rivaling the likes of Detroit. With roads leading out of the city in all directions, Indianapolis was on its way to becoming a major hub of regional transport connecting to Chicago, Louisville, Cincinnati, Columbus, Detroit, Cleveland and St. Louis, as is befitting the capital of a state whose motto is "The Crossroads of America." This same network of roads would allow quick and easy access to suburban areas in future years. Natural gas and oil deposits in the surrounding area in the late 19th century helped the economy of Indianapolis prosper. City population grew rapidly throughout the first half of the 20th century. While rapid suburbanization began to take place in the second half of the century, racial relations deteriorated. Even so, on the night that the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated, Indianapolis was the only major city in which rioting did not occur. Many credit a speech by Robert F. Kennedy, who was in town campaigning for President that night, for helping to calm the tensions. Racial tensions heightened in 1970 with the passage of Unigov, which further isolated the middle class from Indianapolis' growing African American community. Court-ordered school desegregation busing by Judge S. Hugh Dillon was also a controversial change.

The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument in 1898.

In the 1970s and 1980s Indianapolis suffered at the hands of urban decay and white flight. Major revitalization of the city's blighted areas, such as Fall Creek Place, and especially the downtown, occurred in the 1990s and led to an acceleration of growth on the fringes of the Indianapolis Metropolitan Area. The city's relative flat terrain allows for easy access to areas in and around the city.

The opening of Circle Centre Mall in downtown Indianapolis signaled that revitalization continued. Currently the city is experiencing growth in the hospitality industry with the Convention Center expansion and the construction of Lucas Oil Stadium. A new Conrad Hotel has been constructed in order to add more hotel rooms. This adds to the growing list of downtown accommodations and restaurants. Indianapolis International Airport is currently building a new midfield airport terminal. Both the stadium and airport are expected to open late in 2008 with the hotel and convention center sometime in 2010.

Geography and climate

According to the United States Census Bureau, "the balance" (that part of Marion County not part of another municipality) has a total area of 368.2 square miles (953.5 km²)—361.5 square miles (936.2 km²) of it is land and 6.7 square miles (17.3 km²) of it is water. The total area is 1.81% water. These figures are slightly misleading because they do not represent the entire Consolidated City of Indianapolis (all of Marion County, except the four excluded communities). The total area of the Consolidated City of Indianapolis, not including the four excluded communities, covers approximately 373.1 square miles (966.3 km²).

At the center of Indianapolis is the One-Mile Square, bounded by four appropriately-named streets: East, West, North, and South Streets. Nearly all of the streets in the Mile Square are named after U.S. states. (The exceptions are Meridian Street, which numerically divides west from east; Market Street, which intersects Meridian Street at Monument Circle; Capitol and Senate Avenues, where many of the Indiana state government buildings are located; and Washington Street, which was named after President George Washington. The street-numbering system centers not on the Circle, but rather one block to the south, where Meridian Street intersects Washington Street — National Road.)

Indianapolis is situated in the Central Till Plains region of the United States. Two natural waterways dissect the city: the White River, and Fall Creek.

Physically, Indianapolis is similar to many other Midwestern cities. A mix of deciduous forests and prairie covered much of what is considered Indianapolis prior to the 19th century. Land within the city limits varies from flat to gently sloping; most of the changes in elevation are so gradual that they go unnoticed, and appears to be flat from close distances. The mean elevation for Indianapolis is 717 feet (219 m). The highest point in Indianapolis lies at Crown Hill Cemetery atop Strawberry Hill (the tomb of famed Hoosier writer James Whitcomb Riley) with an elevation of 842 feet (257 m), and the lowest point in Indianapolis lies at the Marion County/Johnson County line, with an elevation of about 680 feet (207 m). The highest hill in Indianapolis is Mann Hill, a bluff located along the White River in Southwestway Park that rises about 150 feet (46 m) above the surrounding land. Variations in elevation from 700-900 feet occur throughout the city limits. There are a few moderately-sized bluffs and valleys in the city, particularly along the shores of the White River, Fall Creek, Geist Reservoir, and Eagle Creek Reservoir, and especially on the city's Northeast and Northwest sides.

Indianapolis has a humid continental climate (Koppen climate classification Dfa). Like most cities in the Midwest, it has four distinct seasons. Summers are hot and humid, with high temperatures approaching 90 °F (32 °C), with some days approaching or exceeding 100 °F (38 °C). Spring and autumn are usually pleasant, with temperatures reaching around 65 °F (18 °C). Spring, however, is much less predictable than autumn; midday temperature drops exceeding 30 °F (17 °C) are common during March and April, and instances of very warm days (86 °F; 30 °C) followed within 36 hours by snowfall not unheard of during these months. Winters are cool to cold, with daily highs barely inching above freezing. Temperatures occasionally fall below 0 °F (-18 °C). The rainiest months are in the spring and summer, with average rainfalls of over four inches (102 mm) per month, but these averages fluctuate only slightly throughout the year.

The city's average annual precipitation is 41 inches (1,040 mm).

The average July high is 85.6 °F (29.8 °C), with the low being 65.2 °F (18.4 °C). January highs average 34.5 °F (1.4 °C), and lows 18.5 °F (-7.5 °C). The record high for Indianapolis is 107 °F (42 °C), on July 25th, 1954. The record low is -27 °F (-33 °C), on January 19th, 1994. Average annual snowfall is 27 inches .

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Avg high °F (°C)	35 (2)	40 (5)	51 (11)	63 (17)	74 (23)	82 (28)	86 (30)	84 (29)	77 (25)	66 (19)	52 (11)	39 (5)	62 (17)
Avg low °F (°C)	19 (−7)	23 (−5)	32 (0)	41 (5)	52 (11)	61 (16)	65 (18)	63 (17)	55 (13)	44 (7)	34 (2)	24 (−4)	43 (7)

Cityscape

Indianapolis looking north

High rise construction in Indianapolis started in 1888 when the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument was completed. The 284-foot (87 m) tall monument sits at the center of Indianapolis and until 1962 it was still the tallest structure in the city.

In the 1970s the city center, like many other 'Rust Belt' cities of the United States, saw decreased economic activity, racial tension, and white flight to gentrified suburbs. As a result, Downtown Indianapolis saw little new construction. The city of Indianapolis dealt with these issues by developing plans, in the 1980s, to redefine the city's downtown. Downtown Indianapolis began to develop into the state that it is today. Neighborhoods in the downtown area were designated in relation to their proximity to the city center, and plans were initiated for them to be redeveloped. A series of modern skyscrapers were constructed, including what is currently the tallest building in the state; the newly renamed Chase Tower. The third tallest building in the city; One Indiana Square, is going through an exterior make over after being damaged by high winds in April 2006.

Further information: List of tallest buildings in Indianapolis

Rank	Name	Street Address	Height feet / meters	Floors	Year
1	Chase Tower	111 Monument Circle	830/253	48	1990
2	OneAmerica Tower	One American Square	533/162	38	1982
3	One Indiana Square	211 North Pennsylvania Street	504/154	36	1970
4	Market Tower	10 W Market St	421/128	32	1988
5	300 North Meridian	300 North Meridian St	408/124	28	1989
6	M&I Plaza	135 N Pennsylvania St	401/122	31	1988
7	City-County Building	200 E. Washington St.	372/113	28	1962
8	101 West Ohio	101 West Ohio	360/110	22	1987

Neighborhoods

Indianapolis in the 1910s

Main article: List of Indianapolis neighborhoods

See also: Indianapolis Cultural Districts

Indianapolis has several distinct neighborhoods and cultural districts throughout the city.

• Indianapolis Cultural Districts

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1840	2,692		—
1860	18,611		—
1880	75,056		—
1900	169,164		—
1920	314,194		—
1940	386,972		—
1960	476,258		—
1970	744,624		56.3%
1980	700,807		−5.9%
1990	731,327		4.4%
2000	781,870		6.9%
2006 (est.)	785,597

The 2006 Census estimate for Indianapolis, Balance (an unofficial area which is only a portion of the Consolidated City of Indianapolis) is 785,597. (The population of the full Consolidated City of Indianapolis contains approximately another 9,974 people--derived by adding the 2006 Census estimates for areas left out of Indianapolis, Balance and using 2000 Census data for a portion of Cumberland, Indiana included in Consolidated City of Indianapolis).

Greater Indianapolis is a rapidly growing region located at the center of Indiana and consists of Marion County, Indiana and several adjacent counties. The Combined Statistical Area (CSA) of Indianapolis will likely exceed 2 million people in the 2007 estimate, ranking 23rd in the United States and 7th in the midwest. As a unified labor and media market, the Indianapolis Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) had a 2006 population of 1.66 million people, ranking 33rd in the United States. Indianapolis is the 7th largest MSA in the Midwest.

As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 791,926 people, 320,107 households, and 192,704 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,163.0 people per square mile (835.1/km²). There were 352,429 housing units at an average density of 975.0 per square mile (376.4/km²). The racial makeup of the balance was 69.1% white, 25.50% black or African American, 0.25% Native American, 1.43% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 2.04% from other races, and 1.64% from two or more races. 3.92% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. The top 5 largest ancestries include: German (16.6%), Irish (10.2%), American (9.3%), English(7.7%), and Italian (2.2%).

From 2000 to 2004, the Hispanic population in Indianapolis increased by 43%.The majority of the non-white population lives in the central and north portions of the inner-city area. Indianapolis has over 6000 immigrants from the former Yugoslavia.

The median income for a household in the balance is $41,964, and the median income for a family is $48,755. Males have a median income of $36,302 versus $27,738 for females. The per capita income is $21,640. 14.8% of the population lives below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 16.2% of those under the age of 18 and 8.1% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

There are 320,107 households out of which 29.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.6% are married couples living together, 15.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 39.8% are non-families. 32.0% of all households are made up of individuals and 8.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.39 and the average family size is 3.04.

The age distribution is: 25.7% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 32.9% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 34 years. For every 100 females there are 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 90.2 males.

Law and government

Main article: Government of Indianapolis

The Indiana State Capitol in Indianapolis.

Indianapolis has a consolidated city-county government known as Unigov. Under this system, many functions of the city and county governments are consolidated, though some remain separate. The city has a mayor-council form of government.

Mayor

The executive branch is headed by an elected mayor, who serves as the chief executive of both the city and Marion County. The current Mayor of Indianapolis is Republican Greg Ballard. The mayor appoints city department heads and members of various boards and commissions.

City-County Council

Further information: Indianapolis City-County Council

The legislative body for the city and county is the City-County Council. It is made up of 29 members, 25 of whom represent districts, with the remaining four elected at large. As of 2008, Republicans hold a 16-13 majority. The council passes ordinances for the city and county, and also makes appointments to certain boards and commissions.

Courts

All of the courts of law in Indianapolis are part of the Indiana state court system. The Marion Superior Court is the court of general jurisdiction. Its 35 judges hear all criminal, juvenile, probate, and traffic violation cases, as well as most civil cases. The Marion Circuit Court hears certain types of civil cases. Small claims cases are heard by Small Claims Courts in each of Marion County's nine townships.

Fire protection

Historically there was a fire department maintained by each suburban township, which provided service to the areas of the townships outside of the pre-Unigov city limits and the corporate limits of the excluded cities. In January 2007, by a resolution jointly passed by the Washington Township Board and by the Indianapolis City-County Council, the Washington Township Fire Department was merged into the City of Indianapolis Fire Department. In July 2007, by a similar resolution between the City-County Council and the Warren Township Board, the Warren Township Fire Department was also merged into the city fire department. All of the career fire-fighting personnel and emergency medical services personnel were absorbed into the city department.

Law enforcement

Indianapolis and Marion County historically maintained separate police agencies: the Indianapolis Police Department and Marion County Sheriff's Department. On January 1, 2007, a new agency, the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department, was formed by merging the two departments. IMPD is a separate agency, as the Sheriff's Department maintains jail and court functions. IMPD has jurisdiction over those portions of Marion County not explicitly covered by the police of an excluded city or by a legacy pre-Unigov force. As of February 29, 2008, the IMPD is headed by the Public Safety Director who is appointed by the Mayor of Indianapolis; the Public Safety Director appoints the Police Chief. The IMPD was formely under the leadership of elected Sheriff of Marion County, Frank J. Anderson. The Sheriff remains in charge of the County Jail and security for the City-County Building, service of warrants, and certain other functions. Also, the Sheriff must be consulted, but does not have final say, on the appointment of the Public Safety Director and the Police Chief. .

Crime

For the past decade, crime rates within the Indianapolis city limits have fluctuated greatly. In the late 1990s, violent crimes in inner-city neighborhoods located within the old city limits (pre-consolidation) peaked. The former IPD police district, which serves about 37% of the county's total population and has a geographic area covering mostly the old pre-consolidation city limits, recorded 130 homicides in 1998 to average approximately 40.3 homicides per 100,000 people. This is over 6 times the 1998 national homicide average of 6.3 per 100,000 people. Meanwhile, the former Marion County Sheriff's Department district serving the remaining 63% of the county's population, which includes the majority of the residents in the Consolidated City, recorded only 32 homicides in 1998, averaging about 5.9 murders per 100,000 people, slightly less than the 1998 national homicide average. Homicides in the IPD police district dropped dramatically in 1999 and have remained lower through 2005. In 2005, the IPD police district recorded 88 homicides to average 27.3 homicides per 100,000 people; nonetheless, the murder rate in the IPD district is still almost 5 times the 2005 national average.

When considering the total Consolidated City of Indianapolis, the overall crime rate has historically been low compared to the national average. Nonetheless, crime in impoverished inner-city neighborhoods remains a problem. Areas of Indianapolis that were unincorporated or separate municipalities before the 1970 city-county consolidation generally have significantly lower crime rates although their aggregate population is higher than the old pre-consolidation Indianapolis city limits. Thus, crime figures for the Consolidated City and the entire Marion County average out to a low rate. However, according to FBI reports in 2006, for the first half of the year, Indianapolis saw one of the larger increases in homicides in the country for the first half of 2006 as compared to the same time period in 2005. Overall violent crime in Indianapolis increased 8% for the first half of 2006 compared to the first half of 2005. While Marion County has still not surpassed its record homicide number of 162 set in 1998, it is on pace to see one of the highest numbers of homicides since then, with 153 committed in 2006 as the year draws to a close. In one 2006 event, seven individuals from the same family were murdered in their home. In 2007, city leaders such as Sheriff Frank J. Anderson and former Mayor Bart Peterson have rallied in neighborhoods in effort to stop the violence in the city.

Largely, the immediate downtown area of the city around most main attractions, venues, and museums remain relatively safe. IMPD uses horseback officers and bicycle officers to patrol the downtown area or the city. Certain areas of Indianapolis, most notably portions of the city's East Side, remain a challenge for law enforcement officials.

Politics

Until the late 1990s, Indianapolis was considered to be one of the most conservative metropolitan areas in the country but this trend is reversing. Republicans had held the majority in the City-County Council for 36 years, and the city had a Republican mayor for 32 years from 1967 to 1999. In the 1999 municipal election, Democrat Bart Peterson defeated Indiana Secretary of State Sue Anne Gilroy by 52 percent to 41 percent. Four years later, Peterson was re-elected with 63 percent of the vote. Republicans narrowly lost control of the City-County Council that year.

In 2004, Democrats won the Marion County offices of treasurer, surveyor and coroner. The county GOP lost further ground during the 2006 elections with Democrats winning the offices of county clerk, assessor, recorder and auditor. Only one GOP countywide office remained: Prosecutor Carl Brizzi, who defeated Democratic challenger Melina Kennedy with 51 percent of the vote in his bid for a second term, despite outspending her two-to-one. At the township level, Democrats picked up the trustee offices in Washington, Lawrence, Warren and Wayne townships, while holding on to Pike and Center townships.

In the 2007 municipal election, fueled by voter angst against increases in property and income taxes as well as a rise in crime, Republican challenger Greg Ballard narrowly defeated Peterson, 51 percent to 47 percent -- the first time an incumbent Indianapolis mayor was removed from office since 1967. Discontent among these issues also returned control of the City-County Council to the GOP with a 16-13 majority.

John Kerry defeated George W. Bush in the 2004 presidential election by roughly 6,000 votes in Marion County, 51 percent to 49 percent.

Most of Indianapolis is within the 7th District of Indiana Congressional boundaries. Indianapolis was represented by Democratic United States Congresswoman Julia Carson from 1997 until her death December 15, 2007. André Carson, Julia Carson's grandson, won the special election on March 11, 2008.

Education

Main article: List of schools in Indianapolis

Indianapolis Public Schools   School Town of Speedway   Beech Grove City Schools   MSD Pike Township   MSD Washington Township   MSD Lawrence Township   MSD Warren Township   Franklin Township CSC   MSD Perry Township   MSD Decatur Township   MSD Wayne Township Indianapolis Public School Districts

Higher education

Indianapolis is the home of the following colleges and universities (in alphabetical order): Butler University, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana, Marian College, Martin University, Oakland City University Indianapolis campus, The Art Institute of Indianapolis, Brown Mackie College, and the University of Indianapolis.

Butler University was originally founded in 1855 as North Western Christian University. The school purchased land in the Irvington area in 1875. The school moved again in 1928 to its current location in at the edge of Butler-Tarkington. The school removed itself officially from religious affiliation, giving up the theological school to Christian Theological Seminary. A private institution, Butler's current student enrollment is approximately 4,400.

IUPUI was originally an urban conglomeration of branch campuses of the two major state universities, Indiana University in Bloomington and Purdue University in West Lafayette, created by the state legislature. In 1969 a merged campus was created at the site of the Indiana University School of Medicine. IUPUI's student body is currently just under 30,000, making it the third-largest institute of higher learning in Indiana. This campus is also home to Herron School of Art and Design, which was established privately in 1902. During IUPUI's emergence, Herron School of Art and Design was then included with this state institution. A new building was built in 2005 under both private donation and state contribution enabling the school to move from its original location to campus.

Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana, a state funded public school, was founded as Indiana Vocational Technical College in 1963. With 23 campuses across Indiana, Ivy Tech has a total enrollment of just over 70,300, with just over 12,000 attending campuses in the Indianapolis area.

Marian College was founded in 1936 when St. Francis Normal and Immaculate Conception Junior College merged. The college moved to Indianapolis in 1937. Marian is currently a private Catholic school and has an enrollment of approximately 1,800 students.

University of Indianapolis is a private school affiliated with the United Methodist Church. Founded in 1902 as Indiana Central University, the school currently hosts almost 4,300 students.

Brown Mackie College is new to the area.

Primary and secondary education

Indianapolis has eleven unified public school districts (eight township educational authorities and three legacy districts from before the unification of city and county government) each of which provides primary, secondary, and adult education services within its boundaries. The boundaries of these districts do not exactly correspond to township (or traditional) boundaries, but rather cover the areas of their townships that were outside the pre-consolidation city limits. Indianapolis Public Schools served all of Indianapolis prior to 1970, when almost all of Marion County was incorporated, and is still the city's largest school corporation today.

Libraries

Public library services are provided to the citizens of Indianapolis and Marion County by the Indianapolis-Marion County Public Library (IMCPL). The educational and cultural institution, founded in 1873, now consists of a main library, Central Library, located in downtown Indianapolis and 22 branch locations spread throughout the city. Serving over 5.43 million visitors in 2006, IMCPL's mission is to provide "materials and programs in support of the lifelong learning, recreational and economic interests of all citizens of Marion County." A renovated Central Library building opened on December 9, 2007, ending a controversial multi-year rebuilding plan.

Cultural features

The Central Canal in Indianapolis

Indianapolis prides itself on its rich cultural heritage. Several initiatives have been made by the Indianapolis government in recent years to increase Indianapolis's appeal as a destination for arts and culture.

Cultural Districts

Further information: Indianapolis Cultural Districts

Indianapolis has designated six official Cultural Districts. They are Broad Ripple Village, Massachusetts Avenue, Fountain Square, The Wholesale District, Canal and White River State Park, and Indiana Avenue. These areas have held historic and cultural importance to the city. In recent years they have been revitalized and are becoming major centers for tourism, commerce and residential living.

Monument Circle

At the center of Indianapolis is Monument Circle, a traffic circle at the intersection of Meridian and Market Streets, featuring the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. (Monument Circle is depicted on the city’s flag, and is generally considered the city’s symbol). Monument Circle is in the shadow of Indiana's tallest skyscraper, the Chase Tower. Up until the early 1960s, Indianapolis zoning laws stated that no building could be taller than the Soldiers and Sailors Monument. Each Christmas season, local electricians string lights onto the monument. It is lit for the holiday season in a ceremony known as the "Circle of Lights," which attracts tens of thousands of Hoosiers to downtown Indianapolis on the day after Thanksgiving.

The War Memorial

War Memorial Plaza

Main article: Indiana World War Memorial Plaza

A five-block plaza at the intersection of Meridian and Vermont surrounds a large memorial dedicated to Hoosiers who have fought in American wars. It was originally constructed to honor the Indiana soldiers who died in World War I, but construction was halted due to lack of funding during the Great Depression, and it was finished in 1951. The purpose of the memorial was altered to encompass all American wars in which Hoosiers fought.

The monument is modeled after the Mausoleum of Maussollos. At 210 feet (64 m) tall it is approximately seventy-five feet taller than the original Mausoleum which was demolished to build a fort during the Crusades. The blue lights, which shine between columns on the side of the War Memorial, make the monument easy to spot. On the north end of the War Memorial Plaza is the national headquarters of the American Legion and the Indianapolis-Marion County Public Library's Central Library.

Indiana Statehouse

Further information: Indiana Statehouse

The Statehouse houses the Indiana General Assembly, the Governor of Indiana, state courts, and other state officials.

Festivals, conventions, and organizations

Beginning in 1999 the city became host to the annual Indy Jazz Festival. The festival is a three day event held in Military Park near the canal. Past stars include: B.B. King, Aretha Franklin, Bruce Hornsby, Bela Fleck & The Flecktones, Kool and the Gang, Ray Charles, The Temptations, Dave Brubeck, Emmylou Harris, Chris Isaak, Jonny Lang, Norah Jones and regional and local favorites.

Every May Indianapolis holds the 500 Festival, a month of events culminating in the Indianapolis 500 Festival Parade the day before the running of the Indianapolis 500. The Festival was begun in 1957 and the first Queen of the Festival was Ann Lawrie who was named in 1959.

The Circle City Classic is one of America’s top historically African-American college football games. This annual football game, held during the first weekend of October, is the showcase event of an entire weekend. The weekend is a celebration of cultural excellence and educational achievement while showcasing the spirit, energy and tradition of America’s historically black colleges and universities.

In 2003, Indianapolis began hosting Gen Con, the largest role-playing game convention in the nation (record attendance thus far being numbered in excess of 30,000), at the Indiana Convention Center. Future expansion of the convention space is expected by many to further increase attendance numbers in coming years. The convention center has also recently played host to such events as Star Wars Celebration II and III, which brought in Star Wars fans from around the world, including George Lucas. From October 25 to 28, 2006, the convention center was home to the 79th national Future Farmers of America convention, bringing around 50,000 visitors in from around the country. It will also host it every year up to 2012.

Indianapolis is also home to the Indiana State Fair, as well as the Heartland Film Festival, The Indianapolis International Film Festival, the Indianapolis Theatre Fringe Festival, the Indianapolis Alternative Media Festival, the Midwest Music Summit and the Indianapolis LGBT Film Festival.

Indianapolis is home to Bands of America (BOA), a nationwide organization of high school marching, concert, and jazz bands, and hosts several BOA events annually. Indianapolis is now also the international headquarters of Drum Corps International, a professional drum and bugle corps association, and beginning in 2008 will host the DCI World Championships in the new Lucas Oil Stadium.

Indianapolis has been the headquarters of the Kiwanis International organization since 1982. The organization and its youth-sponsored Kiwanis Family counterparts, Circle K International and Key Club International, administer all their international business and service initiatives from Indianapolis.

The Indy International Wine Competition which is the largest U.S. wine competition outside of California is held in Indianapolis every July at the Indiana State Fairgrounds.

The city has a vibrant arts community that includes many fairs celebrating a wide variety of arts and crafts during the summer months. They include the Broad Ripple Art Fair,Talbot Street Art Fair, Carmel Arts Festival and the Penrod Art Fair

Indianapolis contains the national headquarters for at least 26 fraternities and sororities. Many are congregated in the College Park area surrounding The Pyramids.

Indianapolis is the headquarters for all three international Jewish fraternities, Zeta Beta Tau, Alpha Epsilon Pi, and Sigma Alpha Mu. zbt.org, aepi.org, sam.org.

Ethnic and cultural heritage festivals

Perhaps the largest of Indianapolis's ethnic and cultural heritage festivals is the Summer Celebration held by Indiana Black Expo. This ten-day national event highlights the contributions of African Americans to U.S. society and culture and provides educational, entertainment, and networking opportunities to the over 300,000 participants from around the country.

Indy's International Festival is held annually in November at the Indiana State Fairgrounds. Local ethnic groups, vendors and performers are featured alongside national and international performers.

Other local festivals include:

• Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church hosts the Indy Greek Festival the Friday and Saturday after Labor Day in September.
• The Indy Irish Festival is an annual event in the middle of every September.
• The Indy Pride Festival takes place every June.
• The Italian Street Festival is held annually in early June at the Holy Rosary Catholic Church.
• The Fiesta Indianapolis is held annually in September by La Plaza at the American Legion Mall and Veterans Memorial Park.
• The German Fest is an annual event held in October at the Rathskeller in the Athenaeum Building .
• The Middle Eastern Festival of Indianapolis takes place annually in July at St. George Orthodox Christian Church.
• The St. Nicholas Serbian Church hosts many Eastern European cultural events.
• The Oktoberfest is held annually at the German American Club

Sports

Main article: Sports in Indianapolis

Indianapolis is home to the Super Bowl XLI Champion Indianapolis Colts of the NFL, the Indiana Pacers of the NBA, the Indiana Fever of the WNBA, the Indianapolis Indians of the IL, and the Indiana Ice of the USHL.

In addition, the headquarters of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the main governing body for U.S. collegiate sports, is in Indianapolis, as is the National Federation of State High School Associations. Indianapolis is home to the national offices of USA Gymnastics, USA Diving, US Synchronized Swimming, and USA Track & Field.

The city has hosted the Men's and Women's NCAA Final Fours (the semifinals and final of the NCAA basketball tournament) several times, and as of 2006 the NCAA is holding the Women's Final Four in Indianapolis at least once every five years. Also, Conseco Fieldhouse in Indianapolis, will host the Big Ten Tournament for 5 straight years starting in 2008 after it won the Big Ten bid over Chicago and the United Center

Indianapolis also hosts the Indianapolis Tennis Championships, one of the many tournaments which are part of the US Open series.

Indianapolis is well known for its ability to host large events. IMS hosts 2 major races every year, the Indianapolis 500 and the Allstate 400 at the Brickyard. Starting in 2008, the MotoGP Motorcycle series will host a weekend at the speedway for the Red Bull Indianapolis Grand Prix. As previously mentioned Indy plays hosts to many Men's and Women's Final Fours and will continue with the opening of Lucas Oil Stadium. Lucas Oil Stadium and the city of Indianapolis also made a bid to host Super Bowl XLV in 2011 but lost to Dallas and the Dallas Cowboys New Stadium by only 2 NFL Owner votes. However, they bid again in trying to host Super Bowl XLVI. The city was awarded the rights to host Super Bowl XLVI on May 20, 2008. Indianapolis also hosted the Pan American Games in 1987 and the 2002 World Basketball Championships.

The Indianapolis Daredevils were a professional soccer team based in the city from 1978-79 and played in the ASL, the second tier of American soccer.

Club	Sport	League	Venue
Indianapolis Colts	Football	National Football League (AFC)	RCA Dome Lucas Oil Stadium (starting 2008)
Indiana Pacers	Basketball	National Basketball Association	Conseco Fieldhouse
Indiana Fever	Basketball	Women's National Basketball Association	Conseco Fieldhouse
Indianapolis Indians	Baseball	International League (AAA - affiliated with the Pittsburgh Pirates)	Victory Field
Indiana Ice	Hockey	United States Hockey League	Pepsi Coliseum Conseco Fieldhouse
Indianapolis Impalas	Rugby	USA Rugby	Lake Sullivan Sports Complex

Indianapolis Colts

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Lucas Oil Stadium under construction

Further information: Indianapolis Colts

The Baltimore Colts moved to Indianapolis in 1984. During the early years the Colts struggled to win many games. After a playoff berth in 1987, the Colts drifted back to mediocrity and worse until the mid '90s. In 1995 the Colts made their 1st step towards success when they made AFC Championship Game but lost to the Pittsburgh Steelers on a last second play. Then in 1998 GM Bill Polian drafted Peyton Manning out of Tennessee turning the Colts around. Since drafting Manning the Colts have made the playoffs in 7 of 9 years and recently won Super Bowl XLI against the Chicago Bears, 29-17. Lucas Oil Stadium will open before the 2008 season, replacing the RCA Dome, as the new home of the Colts.

Conseco Fieldhouse, home of the Pacers & Fever

Indiana Pacers

Further information: Indiana Pacers

The Indiana Pacers began play in the ABA in 1967 and winning 3 ABA Championships. Then in 1976 the Pacers received an invitation to join the NBA. In 1987 they drafted Reggie Miller out of UCLA and became an instant playoff perennial. In 1999 they opened their new arena, Conseco Fieldhouse, and demolished Market Square Arena where Elvis Presley performed his last concert on June 26, 1977. The Pacers also reached their first and only NBA Finals in 2000 but lost to the Lakers in 6 games. After the 2004-2005 season Reggie Miller retired and the team has struggled with their production on the court. After the infamous Pacers-Pistons brawl they have struggled with their off the court image with numerous incidents.

Indiana Fever

Further information: Indiana Fever

The WNBA expanded to 4 new cities in 2000 including Indianapolis. The Indiana Fever was one of the 2000 expansion teams. The WNBA awarded Indianapolis a team with the opening of Conseco Fieldhouse. The Fever won their 1st game in Miami, against the Miami Sol, on national TV but finished the 2000 season in last place thus receiving a high draft pick. In the 2001 WNBA Draft the Fever drafted Tennessee superstar Tamika Catchings with the 3rd pick, although she was forced to sit out the 2001 season with a knee injury. Catchings won the 2002 WNBA Rookie of the Year and each season has led the Fever in points, rebounds, assists, and steals.

Indianapolis Indians

Further information: Indianapolis Indians

The Indianapolis Indians are a minor league baseball team based in Indianapolis, Indiana. The team, which plays in the International League, is the Triple-A affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates major-league club. The Indians play at Victory Field, located in downtown Indianapolis.

Founded in 1902, the Indianapolis Indians are the second-oldest minor league franchise in professional sports, behind only the International League's Rochester Red Wings.

The Indianapolis Motor Speedway

Indianapolis Motor Speedway

Further information: Indianapolis Motor Speedway

The Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS), located in Speedway, Indiana, is the site of the Indianapolis 500-Mile Race (also known as the Indy 500), an open-wheel automobile race held each Memorial Day weekend on a 2.5 mile (4 km) oval track. The Indy 500 is the largest single-day sporting event in the world, hosting more than 257,000 permanent seats (not including the infield area).

The track is often referred to as the Brickyard, as it was paved with 3.2 million bricks shortly after its initial construction in 1909. Today the track is paved in asphalt although a section of bricks remains at the start/finish line.

The first 500-Mile Race (805 km), held in 1911, was won by driver Ray Harroun driving a Marmon Wasp. (Marmon, incidentally, was an Indianapolis manufacturer.) The "500" is currently part of the Indy Racing League IndyCar Series, with the 2007 Indianapolis 500 running seeing Scotsman Dario Franchitti triumph for Andretti-Green Racing.

IMS also hosts the NASCAR Allstate 400 at the Brickyard (originally the "Brickyard 400"). The first running of the Brickyard 400 was in 1994, and is currently NASCAR's highest attended event. Driver Jeff Gordon was the first to cross the finish line in the 1994 Brickyard 400. Gordon has since added three more 400 wins, totaling four, tying Rick Mears, A. J. Foyt and Al Unser for number of track victories. Tony Stewart is the most recent winner of the 400 in 2007.

In 1998, IMS began expanding the original track to include a Formula One road course, utilizing the traditional brick start-finish line and adding a new infield road course inside the surrounding oval.

From 2000 to 2007, IMS hosted the Formula One United States Grand Prix (USGP). Driver Michael Schumacher took the first finish. The last US Grand Prix run at IMS, in 2007, was notable for firsts. Lewis Hamilton took the checkered flag, and in doing so became the first rookie to win a Grand Prix at Indianapolis, as well as the first black driver to win any Speedway race. During the summer of 2007, contract negotiations between the IMS and Formula One resulted in a discontinuation of the USGP at Indianapolis (at least for the foreseeable future). Formula One has currently not scheduled a USGP venue for the 2008 season.

The Speedway is scheduled to host its first MotoGP. The Red Bull Indianapolis Grand Prix will take place in September of 2008.

Other series host races at nearby O'Reilly Raceway Park at Indianapolis; it is also the site of the annual Mac Tools U.S. Nationals, the most prestigious drag-racing meet of the year for the National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) .

OneAmerica 500 Festival Mini-Marathon

Further information: OneAmerica 500 Festival Mini-Marathon

Indianapolis is home to the largest mini-marathon (and eighth largest running event) in America. This year (2007) is the 30th anniversary of the Mini and it is run the 1st weekend in May every year and includes one lap around the famous Indianapolis Motor Speedway. This event is part of the 500 Festival, now its 50th year running. The race starts on Washington Street just off Monument Circle and ends on New York Street back downtown. The Mini has been sold out every year, with well over 35,000 participating. The 2006 Men's winner was Kenyan Ben Kimondiu, the 11th straight year a Kenyan has won the race. On the women's side, an American won for the first time in 13 years. She was Hoosier Native Lucie Mays-Sulewski. 2007 Race results: Joseph Chirlee (Men's Winner), marking the 12 straight year a Kenyan has won the Men's division of the Mini, & Janet Kogo Cherobon (Women's Winner).

Recreation

Parks

Further information: List of parks in Indianapolis

Indianapolis has an extensive municipal park system with nearly 200 parks occupying over 10,000 acres (40 km²). The flagship Eagle Creek Park is the largest municipal park in the city, and ranks among the largest urban parks in the United States.

Other major Indianapolis Regional parks include:

• Garfield Park (established in 1881, according to the Indygov website, the oldest Park in Indianapolis. Located on the Near South Side)
• Riverside Park (Near West Side)
• Sahm Park (Northeast side)
• Southeastway Park (Franklin Township, Marion County)
• Southwestway Park (Decatur Township, Marion County)

Additionally, Indianapolis has an urban forestry program that has garnered several Tree City USA awards from the National Arbor Day Foundation.

Indianapolis Zoo

Further information: Indianapolis Zoo

Opened in 1988 the Indianapolis Zoo is the largest zoo in the state and is just west of Downtown. It has 360 species of animals and is best known for its Dolphin exhibit which includes the only underwater viewing dome in the Midwest.

Museums

• Children's Museum of Indianapolis (the largest children's museum in the world)
• Indianapolis Museum of Art
• Colonel Eli Lilly Civil War Museum
• Eiteljorg Museum of American Indians & Western Art
• Indiana State Museum
• NCAA Hall of Champions (Hall of Fame for college athletics)
• James Whitcomb Riley Museum Home
• Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame Museum
• Conner Prairie (A living history museum)

Other places of interest

• Butler University
• Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
• Indianapolis Zoo
• Garfield Park Conservatory and Sunken Gardens
• Heslar Naval Armory
• Holcomb Gardens
• Indianapolis-Marion County Public Library
• Irvington Historic District
• Slippery Noodle Inn
• White River Gardens

Local media

Main article: Media in Indianapolis, Indiana

Indianapolis is served by local, regional, and national media.

Economy

Companies

Indianapolis is the international headquarters of the pharmaceutical corporation Eli Lilly and Company, wireless distribution & logistics provider Brightpoint, health insurance provider Wellpoint, insurance company American United Life, airline Republic Airways,consisting of Republic Airlines, Chautauqua Airlines and Shuttle America real estate companies Simon Property Group & Hunt Construction Group, Finish Line, Inc., Duke Realty Corp. and Teleservices Direct. The U.S. headquarters of Roche Diagnostics, Thomson SA, Conseco, Interactive Intelligence, First Internet Bank of Indiana, Peerless Pump Company, CP Morgan and Dow AgroSciences are also located in Indianapolis. Other major Indianapolis area employers include Clarian Health, Sallie Mae, Cook Group, Rolls Royce, and General Motors.

Before Detroit came to dominate the American automobile industry, Indianapolis was also home to a number of carmakers, including American Motor Car Company, Parry Auto Company, and Premier Motor Manufacturing. In addition, Indianapolis hosted auto parts companies such as Prest-O-Lite, which provided acetylene generators for brass era headlights and acetylene gas starters.

Business climate and real estate

Recently, the National Association of Home Builders and Wells Fargo ranked Indianapolis the most affordable major housing market in the U.S. for the fourth quarter of 2006, and Forbes magazine ranked it the sixth best city for jobs in 2008, based on a combined graded balance of perceived median household incomes, lack of unemployment, income growth, cost of living and job growth.

Transportation

See also: Indianapolis (Amtrak station)

New Midfield Terminal under construction

Airports

Indianapolis International Airport, identified as IND, is the largest airport in Indiana and serves Indianapolis Metropolitan Area. In addition to a recently completed air traffic control tower, the airport is currently undertaking the building of two large concourses, a new airfield, two new parking garages, and apron improvements. The new terminal is being built with the intent of easing passenger access, and is being constructed between the two existing runways. The old terminal will be demolished after the new terminal opens. The current project is slated for completion in late 2008.

Many air services utilize Indianapolis International. FedEx, an Air Freight company, is currently expanding its largest hub in the country located at Indianapolis International. Indianapolis is also a focus city for Northwest Airlines.

Highways

Interstates around Indianapolis

Five major Interstates serve the Indianapolis area including I-70 with transportation to St. Louis and Columbus, Ohio; I-74 to Cincinnati and Danville, Illinois, I-65 to Chicago and Louisville, I-69 to Fort Wayne, and the I-465 Beltway. The I-865 Connector contains part of U.S. Route 52 and connects I-65 to I-465, on the northwest side of Indianapolis. Future interstate plans include possibly extending I-69 southwest to Evansville, Indiana.

Major U.S. highways serving the region include U.S. Routes 31, 40, 52, 36, 136, and 421.

Mass transit

Indianapolis's transit provider is the Indianapolis Public Transportation Corporation, also known as IndyGo. The Indianapolis Public Transportation Corporation was established in 1975 after the city of Indianapolis took over the city's transit system. Before 1997, IndyGo was called Metro. Central Indiana Commuter Services (CICS), funded by IndyGo to reduce pollution, serves Indianapolis and surrounding counties.

In 1953, the last streetcars ran in Indianapolis. Trolleybuses made their last run in the city four years later in 1957. Since 1957 Indianapolis has had an all-bus transit system. However, an impressive collection of area business leaders have formed Downtown Indianapolis Streetcar Corp., a not-for-profit organization, to investigate whether to build a streetcar line in Downtown Indianapolis. Possible destinations include among others: IUPUI, White River State Park, Indianapolis Zoo, Conseco Fieldhouse, Lucas Oil Stadium, Circle Centre Mall, the Indiana State House and a future development at the MSA site. The streetcar line would provide a convenient way for locals as well as tourists in Downtown for conventions and sports events to move around the various destinations.

People mover

The Clarian people mover connects the Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Wishard Hospital and IUPUI & Indiana University School of Medicine facilities at the north end of the Downtown Canal with Methodist Hospital. The Clarian People Mover is available for public use. Plans for a more expansive system are being considered that would operate throughout downtown Indianapolis. The existing people mover is sometimes inaccurately described as a monorail, but in fact rides on dual concrete beams with the guideway being as wide as the vehicle.

Intercity Rail Transportation

Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Indianapolis.

Amtrak Train 51, the westbound Cardinal, is scheduled to depart Indianapolis at 6:30am on Monday, Thursday, and Saturday; Amtrak Train 851, the westbound Hoosier State, is scheduled to depart Indianapolis at 6:30am on Sunday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Friday. Both trains go to Crawfordsville, Lafayette, Rensselaer, Dyer and Chicago Union Station to connect with other trains.

Amtrak Train 50, the eastbound Cardinal, is scheduled to depart Indianapolis at 11:59pm on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday with service to Connersville, Cincinnati, Maysville, South Portsmouth, Ashland, Huntington, Charleston, Montgomery, Thurmond, Prince, Hinton, Alderson, White Sulphur Springs, Clifton Forge, Staunton, Charlottesville, Culpeper, Manassas, Alexandria, and Washington, DC and continuing on to New York City.

Transportation issues

Although Indianapolis has managed to sustain a relatively low amount of traffic congestion for a city of its population, this is mostly due to the fact that the city covers 365 square miles, an area much larger than most cities with roughly 785,000 people. This is an area larger than both New York City or Chicago, cities with millions of people. Indianapolis' sprawled out low density rate might also be the reason the city has yet to further develop its mass transit bus system or a heavy or light rail network. As the 13th largest city in the U.S., Indianapolis has repeatedly been ranked below 40th in mass transit availability.

Some complaints include:

• the bus-only city mass transit system; the absence of rapid transit and light rail.
• the undue emphasis on automobile travel in city planning; the lack of sidewalks and bike paths.
• excessive automobile usage resulting in environmental degradation (specifically air pollution), as evidenced in the city's often poor air quality
• the lack of cross-town bus routes, forcing bus riders to travel downtown to cross from one side of the city to another, often doubling or tripling what the trip distance would have been with a direct route.
• the "lack of vision" in building a transportation network based entirely on non-renewable resources and old technology
• the paucity of scheduled bus routes, often forcing riders to choose between arriving at a destination extremely early, or late.
• the lack of night bus services, which forces those who work late shifts to find other ways to get around. These can be much more expensive.
• the fiscal costs of building (for instance liens), repairing, and replacing roads

There are other concerns over a lack of safe walking paths in many areas of the city. Many suburbs which were incorporated in the 1960s and 1970s are now relatively near the center of the city, and don’t have sidewalks. This often forces pedestrians to navigate a narrow road shoulder near high-speed automobile traffic.

Indianapolis in popular media

The city of Indianapolis is referred to 12 times in the hit movie, Uncle Buck.

Television sitcom One Day at a Time was set in Indianapolis. The opening credits of the show include a shot of the Pyramids, a set of three distinctive office buildings located near the north-western edge of the city. The first seasons of Good Morning Miss Bliss (later to become Saved by the Bell) and Thunder Alley were set in Indianapolis. The U.S. version of Men Behaving Badly, and CBS's 2005 drama Close to Home were also set in Indianapolis. Also, in a darker view, in the television show Jericho, Indianapolis is one of 23 American cities destroyed by nuclear weapons, a fate which also befalls the city in the Worldwar series of novels by Harry Turtledove.

See also

• History of Indianapolis
• Downtown Indianapolis

Gallery

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Sister cities

Indianapolis has five sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI):

• - Cologne (Germany)
• - Monza (Italy)
• - Piran (Slovenia)
• - Taipei (Taiwan)
• - Scarborough (Canada)

External links

• Template:Wikitravel
• Wikimapia Location
• City Data for Indianapolis
• IndyGov.Org Official city government website
• Official Tourist Information
• Indianapolis, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
• IndyIndiana.com Indianapolis Business Directory
• Greater Indianapolis Chamber of Commerce
• Indianapolis at Curlie