Culture of Berlin

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The culture of Berlin includes various institutions and places of the arts in the metropolis of Berlin . Artists and works of art that are closely related to the city are also listed here.

history

From 1989 to 2006, the Love Parade, the largest techno parade in the world, took place in Berlin.

The Berlin Chanson Festival, which took place annually from 1996 to 2015 , was the largest music festival for chansons in the German-speaking region.

Events

Festivals

The International Film Festival takes place in Berlin every February . The A category festival, also known as the Berlinale , is considered the largest public festival in the world and, alongside the international film festivals in Cannes and Venice , one of the most important international film festivals. Awards are given in numerous categories. The competition closes with the award of the Golden and Silver Bears .

Throughout the year, Berlin is the venue for other international festivals, some of which take place under the organizational umbrella of the Berliner Festspiele . At the Berlin Theatertreffen , the most remarkable German-language theater productions of a season are presented. Further festivals are the literature festival , the dance festival, the Young Euro Classics and the Berlin Biennale .

The Berlin Jazz Festival has been held since 1964. In 2015, the popular Lollapalooza Festival took place on the grounds of Tempelhof Airport for the first time .

Parades

Parades and parades are also established events on the city's calendar of events. The Carnival of Cultures , the Christopher Street Day Berlin, the Berlin Carnival Parade and the Berlin Myfest are among the most famous.

Stages

theatre

Numerous spoken theaters shape the cultural landscape of the metropolis. The best known are the Berliner Ensemble , the Volksbühne on Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz , the Schaubühne on Lehniner Platz , the German Theater , the Maxim-Gorki-Theater , the Renaissance Theater and the youth theaters Grips-Theater and Theater an der Parkaue .

Orchestras, choirs and opera houses

Berlin has three highly subsidized opera houses: the Staatsoper Unter den Linden , the Deutsche Oper and the Komische Oper . There are also several orchestras and choirs in Berlin: The Berlin Philharmonic , the Staatskapelle Berlin , the Konzerthausorchester Berlin , the German Symphony Orchestra Berlin , the Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Berlin , the Rundfunkchor Berlin and the RIAS Chamber Choir . These ensembles perform in the Konzerthaus Berlin , the Berlin Philharmonie and in other halls in Germany or on tours around the world.

The Berlin Choir Association unites 236 amateur choirs with over 10,000 members. The Sing-Akademie zu Berlin has existed as the cradle of civil music cultivation in Berlin since 1791.

Musicals and revue theater

The Theater des Westens and the Theater am Potsdamer Platz primarily offer musicals. Large-scale revues are shown in the Friedrichstadt-Palast . The winter garden where the International Burlesque Festival takes place every year and the chameleon are famous for their variety show .

Stages like the Wühlmäuse , the Distel or the Quatsch Comedy Club are known for cabaret and satirical entertainment programs. The Radialsystem V has made a name for itself with dance and performance pieces.

Museums

Berlin has a large number of museums. In 1841 appointed a royal order, the Spree and Kupfergraben umflossene Museum Island in the northern part of the Spree Island into a "of art and archeology consecrated District". The Old Museum at the Lustgarten had already been built there , followed by several museums such as the New Museum , the Old National Gallery , today's Bode Museum and the Pergamon Museum . These museums are primarily famous for their exhibits from ancient times . In 1999 the Museum Island was added to the UNESCO list of world cultural heritage .

Outside the Museum Island there are museums with a wide variety of topics: The Natural History Museum is one of the most important natural history museums in the world with over 30 million objects and the tallest dinosaur skeleton in the world. In the German Museum of Technology Berlin (DTMB) exhibits and experiments on the subject of technology are exhibited on 25,000 m². The Gemäldegalerie and Neue Nationalgalerie are art museums in the Kulturforum , the Bauhaus Archive is an architecture museum. The German Historical Museum in the armory on Unter den Linden illustrates 2000 years of German history. The Jewish Museum shows an equally long period of Jewish-German history in a permanent exhibition.

The Grunewald hunting lodge houses a collection of paintings from the 15th to 19th centuries. In Dahlem , numerous ethnological museums are concentrated in the local museum center . The research and memorial site Normannenstrasse and the memorial site Berlin-Hohenschönhausen are located in Lichtenberg on the site of the former GDR Ministry for State Security . The Wall Museum at Checkpoint Charlie shows moments from the history and events of the Wall. The “ Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe ” is located near Potsdamer Platz .

The Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation, jointly supported by the federal government and all federal states, has its headquarters in Berlin . The Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation Berlin-Brandenburg also maintains important locations here. Both manage, preserve, maintain and supplement the cultural assets of the former state of Prussia in their internationally significant institutions .

The Stadtmuseum Berlin Foundation unites other traditional museums in Berlin. The foundation, established in 1995, is the largest city history museum in Germany. As the state museum for culture and history of Berlin, it is essentially the result of the union of the Märkisches Museum (founded in 1874) and the Berlin Museum (founded in 1962). The wide range of the various collections, some of which were founded in the 19th century, document all areas of the development of Berlin from the first traces of human settlement in the Stone Age to the present.

architecture

The Brandenburg Gate , built between 1788 and 1791, is Berlin's landmark and symbol of the division that has been overcome. It is modeled on the Propylaea on the Acropolis in Athens and is crowned by a quadriga with the goddess of victory Victoria . Until the reunification of Germany on October 3, 1990, the border between the two halves of the city ran west of the gate. The gate is the western end of the boulevard Unter den Linden , which up to the over the Spree leading Schloßbrücke drags. Beyond the bridge on the Spree Island are the Lustgarten , the Museum Island and the Berlin Cathedral .

In this area lie with in 1743 in the style of Palladian built Staatsoper Unter den Linden , the Kronprinzenstrasse and Prinzessinnenpalais who built from 1774 to 1780, often "dresser" called Old Library , as well as the 1706, designed by Andreas Schlüter completed baroque armory five magnificent buildings from the 18th century directly on the boulevard Unter den Linden. In addition, there is St. Hedwig's Cathedral , built between 1747 and 1773 , the main church of the Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin . The French Cathedral on Gendarmenmarkt was the center of the French quarter in the 17th century.

The Potsdamer Platz is a traffic hub in central Berlin. It had developed in the 19th century in front of the Potsdamer Tor , at which an arterial road started. In 1923 the history of broadcasting in Germany began in the nearby Vox-Haus . Until 1940 Potsdamer Platz was one of the busiest squares in Europe.

In 1961 it was divided by the Berlin Wall and the area fell into disrepair. For some years now, the earlier course of the Berlin Wall has been marked by paving stones set into the ground. The redevelopment of Potsdamer Platz, which gives space to a large number of shops and restaurants, has become a link between the two halves of the city, which were separated until the political change .

The Reichstag building, which was built between 1884 and 1894, is located near the Brandenburg Gate . It was badly damaged by fire on February 27, 1933 and was again badly damaged in World War II. Since 1999 the building has been the seat of the German Bundestag. Every year two million people walk through its glass dome. Bellevue Palace , built in 1785 and once the summer home of Prince August Ferdinand , the brother of Frederick the Great , has been the official residence of the Federal President since 1990 .

The most famous shopping promenade in Berlin is the Kurfürstendamm with its numerous hotels, shops and restaurants. The Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, which was destroyed in the Second World War, was built between 1891 and 1895. It marks the eastern end of the boulevard. The ruined tower was preserved as a memorial. The eastern extension of Kurfürstendamm is Tauentzienstrasse , where the KaDeWe ( Kaufhaus des Westens ) is the largest department store on the European continent and the Europa Center , built between 1963 and 1965 . The 22-storey building houses many shops, restaurants, offices and an observation deck. This part of the city around Tauentzienstrasse and Kurfürstendamm is known as the New West .

East of the two arms of the Spree, which flow around the Spree island, is Alexanderplatz with many shops and restaurants, very close to the 368-meter-high television tower  - the tallest building in Germany  -, the Gothic St. Mary's Church and the Red Town Hall . Two statues, one male and one female, with a view of the entrance to the town hall are intended to commemorate the removal of the many rubble after the end of the Second World War. The old district of Prenzlauer Berg and the lively streets Schönhauser Allee and Kastanienallee are worth seeing in the eastern center of Berlin . The Palace of the Republic was demolished by 2008 .

The Oranienburgerstraße was the center of pre-World War II Jewish district. Associated with its reconstruction was the restoration of the New Synagogue, completed in 1866, among other things . It was badly damaged by bombing in World War II. Reopened in 1995, it serves as a center for the study and preservation of Jewish culture.

The 150-meter-high radio tower is located in Charlottenburg. It was built between 1924 and 1926 on the occasion of the 3rd German Radio Exhibition and very quickly became one of Berlin's landmarks. Other main attractions of West Berlin are the Charlottenburg lock (begun 1695), a baroque representational the Hohenzollern with significant collection of paintings citadel Spandau and the at Havel and Glienicke Bridge preferred Glienicke . The brothers Wilhelm and Alexander von Humboldt grew up in Tegel Castle (also Humboldt Castle), which was also remodeled in the classicism style by Karl Friedrich Schinkel .

After the destruction in World War II, ambitious construction projects were pushed ahead in divided Berlin. In the eastern part of the city, today's Karl-Marx-Allee (formerly: Stalinallee) was built in the representative style of socialist classicism . It runs from Alexanderplatz via Strausberger Platz to Frankfurter Tor . The twin towers were built based on the double domes of the Gendarmenmarkt under the German architect Hermann Henselmann . On the occasion of the 750th anniversary of Berlin in 1987, the destroyed Nikolaiviertel was rebuilt based on its historical shape. The Nikolaikirche in the center is the oldest church in Berlin.

Modern architecture was promoted in the western part of the city . Well -known architects such as Walter Gropius , Le Corbusier and Oscar Niemeyer presented their designs at the international building exhibition Interbau in 1957 . The building projects were realized in the Hansaviertel . The congress hall with the self-supporting roof structure was built in 1957 as a contribution of the United States to Interbau.

A specialty of Berlin are the gas lanterns for illuminating the streets, which have been preserved in large parts of the city . In total, there are over 44,000 gas lamps in operation in Berlin, more than in any other city in the world. In the Tiergarten, near the S-Bahn station of the same name , there is an open-air gas lantern museum.

Sports

In 2016 there were around 2,400 sports clubs in Berlin, in which around 640,000 active people devoted themselves to popular sport .

In 2015, 73 Berlin teams were represented in the various first German national leagues and 70 teams in the second national leagues.

Some clubs are active in the field of professional sports. The most prominent representatives here include Hertha BSC and 1. FC Union Berlin ( soccer ), Alba Berlin ( basketball ), Eisbären Berlin ( ice hockey ), Füchse Berlin ( handball ) and Berlin Recycling Volleys ( volleyball ). The water Spandau 04 are German water polo -Rekordmeister.

In its history, Berlin has hosted international sports competitions several times. The 1936 Summer Olympics were held here; in July 2006, the preliminary round, a quarter-final and the final of the World Cup took place in the Olympic Stadium. In 2009 the World Athletics Championships were also held there. Each year one of the world's largest marathons , the final of the DFB Cup and the athletics event ISTAF take place.

Large public TV broadcasts take place every two years for the European and World Cup , with tens of thousands of viewers watching the football matches on big screens. The venue, the Fan Mile , is located on Strasse des 17. Juni .

The current world records (as of 2017) were set in Berlin in the marathon ( Dennis Kimetto ), 100 and 200 meter run (both Usain Bolt ).

The German Olympic Sports Confederation operates the Olympic Training Center in Berlin, one of 19 Olympic training centers. Around 500 national team athletes from over 30 Olympic sports form the competitive sports contingent. Well-known Olympians from Berlin or those living in Berlin are Franziska van Almsick , Christoph and Robert Harting , Katarina Witt and Claudia Pechstein .

The largest sports facilities in the city include the Olympic Stadium with 74,649 seats, the An der Alten Försterei stadium with around 22,000 seats, the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark with 19,000 seats, the Mercedes-Benz Arena with a maximum of 17,000 seats, the Velodrom with a maximum of 17,000 seats 12,000 seats and the Max-Schmeling-Halle with up to 11,900 seats.

nightlife

Berlin is particularly known for its nightlife . This may be due to the high number of students and young party tourists on the one hand, but also to the vacancy rate, which was particularly widespread after the fall of the Berlin Wall, or the other use of commercial buildings on the other. In this context, the Kunsthaus Tacheles and nightclubs such as Tresor , Watergate , E-Werk , KitKatClub and Berghain are particularly well known .

kitchen

Typical Berlin specialties include the currywurst , Kasseler , the variant of the doner kebab invented in Berlin , fried liver "Berlin style", meatballs and pancakes . Berlin also has a long brewing tradition . The most common type of beer is the Pilsener , while the lemonade called Fassbrause is just as typical. The Futschi is a traditional mixed drink .

gastronomy

Top gastronomy in Berlin has developed successfully since the early 2000s. In 2014 there were a total of five restaurants that were awarded two Michelin stars . Another ten restaurants received a star.

After 2010, a very lively gastronomic scene emerged in Berlin. New bar, café and restaurant concepts have been implemented in many inner city areas. The market hall IX in Kreuzberg became the starting point for a strongly international snack culture.

Berlin in art

Movie

Numerous films are produced in Berlin, some or most of which were shot in the region. Many of the films made in cooperation with the Babelsberg Studio in Potsdam are particularly well known . The following selection of films are set in Berlin or are about the metropolis:

music

Since the development of Berlin into a metropolis of millions at the end of the 19th century, a large number of songs have emerged in popular culture that depict Berlin and life in the city, often in their contemporary context. One of the early pieces of music is Berliner Luft , which Paul Lincke wrote in 1899 for the operetta Frau Luna and which is sometimes played as an unofficial national anthem . Other well-known songs are the Pack die Badehose ein (1951) sung by Conny Froboess or the homesickness for Kurfürstendamm (1963) interpreted by Hildegard Knef .

The division of Berlin led to very different songs about the city until 1990. While the moods of the 1970s and 1980s were expressed in West Berlin songs, for example in songs by Rio Reiser , the Gebrüder Blatt Schuss or Ideal , pieces by the band City , such as B. Wall to Wall (1987), reflecting the East Berlin zeitgeist .

International musicians such as Leonard Cohen , David Bowie , Iggy Pop , Lou Reed or U2 sang about Berlin or produced their albums in the city. The Hansa recording studios were an important point of contact for many artists to make their music recordings.

The most famous artists and bands who have worked or are working in Berlin include: a. Herbert von Karajan , Daniel Barenboim , Sir Simon Rattle , Kurt Sanderling , Nina Hagen , Thomas Quasthoff , Tangerine Dream , Max Raabe , Paul van Dyk , Harald Juhnke , Ton Steine ​​Scherben , Einstürzende Neubauten , Reinhard Mey , Roland Kaiser , Sido , Kool Savas , Die Ärzte , Rammstein and the Comedian Harmonists .

Visual arts

From 1893 the nationally significant Great Berlin Art Exhibition took place every year. With the advent of the Berlin Secession in 1898, which shaped impressionism in painting, Berlin established itself as an outstanding center of the visual arts in Germany. With the move of the Expressionist artist group "Brücke" to Berlin, the metropolis' art scene gained world renown. After 1933 and 1945, however, the connection to the international art world no longer succeeded. It was only at the beginning of the 21st century that the city's importance for the visual arts increased again significantly. Since then, a large number of recognized artists have lived and worked in the city. The location within Germany also plays an important role in the art market thanks to the very high number of over 300 galleries in the world .

Quotes about Berlin

David Bowie, 1976

"Berlin is a city condemned to become eternal, never to be"

- Karl Scheffler : Berlin: Ein Stadtschicksal, 1910

"I still have a suitcase in Berlin"

- Marlene Dietrich : song from 1951
- John F. Kennedy : President of the United States, during his visit to Berlin in 1963

"The greatest cultural extravaganza that one could imagine."

"The greatest cultural extravaganza that you can imagine."

- David Bowie : about Berlin's 1970s

"Berlin will live and the wall will fall."

- Willy Brandt : Former Governing Mayor and Federal Chancellor, November 10, 1989

"Berlin is poor, but sexy."

- Klaus Wowereit : Governing Mayor, in a press interview, 2003

public holidays

Awards and honorary degrees

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ World Heritage Site Museum Island. UNESCO, accessed April 16, 2010.
  2. ↑ Palace of the Republic completely demolished. At: N24 .de of December 2, 2008. Retrieved on April 16, 2010.
  3. ↑ New membership record in the LSB  ( page no longer available , search in web archives ), rbb, accessed on November 1, 2017.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.rbb24.de
  4. ↑ Bundesliga teams , lsb-berlin.net, accessed on November 8, 2017.
  5. ^ German volleyball league. Retrieved May 2, 2016 .
  6. ↑ Bolt wins gold and world record. In: Spiegel Online , accessed November 8, 2017.
  7. ↑ Olympic Base Berlin - Base - Sports. In: osp-berlin.de. Sponsoring Association of the Olympic Training Center Berlin e. V., accessed June 8, 2017 .
  8. ↑ Figures and facts about the Berlin Olympic Stadium. ( Memento from August 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) In: olympiastadion-berlin.de, accessed on May 17, 2014.
  9. ↑ None of them achieved a three-star performance. In: Der Tagesspiegel , accessed on March 31, 2015.
  10. ^ In Berlin, a taste of the world. In: Forbes India, accessed July 14, 2017.
  11. ↑ The Berlin song is really booming. In: Die Welt , accessed on May 16, 2010.
  12. ^ Johannes Koepp, Wilhelm Cleff: Dear Leierkastenmann - Berliner Lieder. Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-89479-920-5 .
  13. ↑ Berlin is the city with the most galleries in the world . In: Berliner Morgenpost , April 6, 2008; accessed on January 1, 2018.
  14. ^ Karl Scheffler: Berlin: Ein Stadtschicksal . 1910, Fannei & Walz, ISBN 3-927574-02-3
  15. ↑ City songs . In: The New Colonist . Retrieved August 18, 2008.
  16. ^ David Bowie's golden years in Berlin . In: Expatica . Archived from the original on June 4, 2008. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 18, 2008. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.expatica.com
  17. ↑ Kohl: We are one nation . In: The Guardian , November 11, 1999. Retrieved August 18, 2008. 
  18. ↑ Poor but sexy . In: Focus . Retrieved August 18, 2008.
  19. ↑ Women's Day is now a public holiday in Berlin. Retrieved January 25, 2019 .
  20. ↑ Berlin design on the move. Press conference on the occasion of the award of Berlin with the title “City of DESIGN”. In: berlin.de. Senate Department for Economics, Labor and Women, July 2, 2010, archived from the original on March 22, 2008 ; accessed on April 24, 2018 .
  21. ↑ Berlin receives the Spanish Prince of Asturias Prize. In: Focus Online ; Retrieved April 16, 2010.
  22. ↑ Müller: "We are looking forward to the Kirchentag and are proud to have been awarded the title 'Reformation City of Europe' to Berlin". Press release of April 27, 2017. In: berlin.de. The Press and Information Office of the State of Berlin , accessed on August 17, 2017; Reformation city Berlin. Turn 1 into 2 become 1. reformation-cities.org/cities; accessed on August 17, 2017.