Moshaisk
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Moshaisk
Можайск
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Moshaisk ( Russian Можайск , wiss. Transliteration Možajsk ) is a Russian city in the Moscow Oblast about 110 km west of Moscow on the old road to Smolensk and Poland , today part of the M1 trunk road ( European route 30 ). Moshaisk is the administrative center of Moshaisk Raion and has 31,363 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010). The city is located on the Moshaisk Reservoir on the Moskva River above Moscow.
history
Moshaisk was first mentioned in writing in 1231 as a base of the Principality of Chernigov of the Kievan Rus , a short time later Moshaisk became a fortress of the Smolensk princes. In 1303 the fortress was conquered by Yuri I Daniilowitsch for the Grand Duchy of Moscow , but even afterwards it remained fiercely contested because of its strategically important location on Moscow's main connecting road to the west.
In the 14th and 15th centuries, Moshaisk was always ruled by the younger brother of the Moscow Grand Duke.
During the turmoil called Smuta at the beginning of the 17th century between August 21 and 24, 1612 near Moshaisk, the Polish-Lithuanian reserve army was repulsed by a volunteer army from Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod under the leadership of Dmitri Poscharski .
On September 7, 1812, Napoleon's Russian campaign (Russian: Patriotic War ) failed in the Battle of Borodino a few kilometers from Moshaisk. Parts of the novel War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy therefore take place in Moshaisk.
Most recently, Moshaisk was fiercely contested in the Second World War at the Battle of Moscow during the German-Soviet War (Russian: Great Patriotic War ). On October 16, 1941, the Wehrmacht conquered the city with heavy losses and broke through the last line of defense before Moscow.
In the city there was a prisoner of war camp 465 for German prisoners of war of the Second World War.
Since the beginning of the 1970s at the latest, there has been a nuclear weapons depot at Moshaisk, first for the Soviet Army and now for the Russian armed forces .
Nicholas Church
Railway station on the Moscow – Smolensk line
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1897 | 3,194 |
| 1939 | 11,752 |
| 1959 | 15,697 |
| 1970 | 20,321 |
| 1979 | 27.121 |
| 1989 | 30,735 |
| 2002 | 31,459 |
| 2010 | 31,363 |
Note: census data
sons and daughters of the town
- Andrei Bogdanow (* 1970), Russian politician
- Sergei Gerasimow (1885–1964), Russian painter
- Boris Pilnjak (1894–1938), Russian-Volga-German writer
- Alexei Tereschchenko (* 1980), Russian ice hockey player
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ Maschke, Erich (ed.): On the history of the German prisoners of war of the Second World War. Verlag Ernst and Werner Gieseking, Bielefeld 1962–1977.
Web links
- mozhay.ru (Russian)
- mozhaysk.ru (Russian)
- mojgorod.ru: Moshaisk (Russian)
- Moshaisk: The city at the source of the Moskva in Russia Beyond the Headlines: News from Russia
