Cultural landscape of Dresden Elbe Valley
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UNESCO world heritage 
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| National territory: |
 Germany
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| Type: | |
| Criteria : | (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) |
| Surface: | 1930 ha |
| Reference No .: | 1156 |
| History of enrollment | |
| Enrollment: | 2004 (session 28) |
| Deletion : | 2009 |
The areas of the Elbe valley , which are close to the Elbe and relatively sparsely populated by metropolitan standards , within the Saxon capital of Dresden , are or were designated as the Dresden Elbe Valley cultural landscape . The delimitation of this area and the discussion of its cultural landscape character took place as part of the application process for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage . In its justification for the award of the title, UNESCO recognized not only the scenic and architectural qualities of the Elbe Valley, but also "the treasures of the state art collections and the living traditions in music and visual arts" .
The 2004 inclusion in the world cultural heritage was celebrated on the occasion of the handover of the certificate of appointment in summer 2005. One year later, in July 2006, the Elbe Valley was entered on the Red List of World Heritage in Danger, and after another three years, in June 2009, the title was revoked as one of only two sites in the history of the World Heritage because UNESCO declared the 2007 –2013 built Waldschlößchenbrücke viewed as destroying the landscape: The Waldschlößchenbrücke traffic train crosses the protected Elbe meadows over a distance of almost 800 m and, according to the expert report, divides “the contiguous landscape of the Elbe arch at the most sensitive point”.
Description of the cultural landscape
The shape of Dresden by the landscape of the Elbe is already expressed in the city name; Dresden is borrowed from the old Sorbian Drežďany , which means alluvial forest inhabitant .
The design of the cultural landscape is explained on the one hand by the sections below, as well as in the individual articles listed here in tabular form on objects within the former World Heritage area:
location
The cultural landscape of Dresden Elbe Valley comprises the approximately 20 km long section of the Elbe river in the area of the Saxon state capital between the south-eastern city limits near Dresden-Söbrigen and the Dresden-Übigau Elbbogen near the western city limits.
The cultural area is located in a narrow area of the Elbe valley , through which the current flows in meanders . Along its eastern half, the protected valley is bordered to the northeast by the largely wooded slope of the Elbe . Since the Elbe valley is climatically favored, wine is grown in several places on the Elbe slope. The annual average temperatures of 9.3 degrees in Radebeul and almost 10 degrees in Dresden-Neustadt are among the highest in Germany.
Due to various aspects, in particular that of flood protection , many parts of the cultural landscape near the river were not allowed to be built on. As a result, the extensive green areas of the Dresden Elbe Valley were preserved and incorporated into the structure of the neighboring districts.
landscape
Landscape units
The cultural landscape in the Elbe Valley is largely under landscape protection and has been designated as a fauna and flora habitat . This protection is supplemented by small-scale nature reserves and (area) natural monuments . The landscape shaped by humans leaves space for habitats of near-natural vegetation, houses endangered species and, as a river landscape, provides temporary or winter quarters for bird migration.
The Elbe slopes stretch over 12.5 km from Pillnitz in the southeast to the Radeberger Vorstadt . The slopes are very different, but almost entirely wooded. The western beginning is marked by the hanging gardens of the Elbe castles . In Pillnitz, parts of the slopes are under nature protection and reach height differences of up to 200 meters. The slopes are the distinctive border between the Elbe valley and the West Lusatian hills and mountains . The vineyards on the slopes of the Elbe in Pillnitz, Wachwitz and Loschwitz form the major Elbe Valley in the Saxony wine-growing region . The slopes of the Elbe are interrupted by narrow side valleys such as the Mordgrund and the Keppgrund . The Loschwitzgrund was and is an important traffic route in the past and present, the Grundstraße overcomes about 125 meters in altitude on the way to Bühlau and the Schönfeld highlands .
The Elbe meadows extend over the entire length of the former world cultural heritage area. The character of the meadows is very different and the width of this meadow is limited by buildings (e.g. Brühl's terrace ) and the slopes of the Elbe. The areas are used for agriculture and water management. The Elbe meadows connect many other landscape units. The right Elbwiese connects to the Inner Neustadt with the small parks Rosengarten , Königsufer and Palaisgarten . As a flood plain , the Elbe meadows play a special role in Dresden's flood protection . In some places, oat meadows are designated as area natural monuments in order to protect their rich vegetation. This plant society as well as many individual species in these associations are considered to be threatened with extinction in Germany.
The Ostragehege in the west of the old town district is located on the Umlaufberg of a narrow Elbe arch. Originally part of the flat meadow landscape and hardly built on due to the constant risk of flooding, the character of the eastern enclosure was changed by the flood channel and the new municipal cattle and slaughterhouse on an artificially elevated area. Towards the Elbe, the approximately 5 hectare large area natural monument Pieschener Allee lines up four lime hedges. The avenue leads to a former ferry station in Pieschener Winkel , but today it is hardly used as a dead end and has not been developed as a road.
The forest park in Blasewitz is a remnant of the forest area of Blasewitzer Tännicht, which originally extended to the city fortress . Due to the very sandy subsoil, it did not consist of typical floodplain forest , but of pines and spruces. Similar high-stemmed conifers of the original vegetation can be found in Kleinzschachwitz and Zschieren . It was created at a time when the strong demand for land in the villa colonies elsewhere meant that almost all of the original forest parcels were being built over.
The Pillnitz Elbe Island is located at the level of Pillnitz Castle . Except for the Pillnitz Elbe Island and the Gauern Elbe Island near Coswig , all the islands in the Elbe Valley were removed in the course of the river expansion. The Pillnitz Elbe Island came into being in its current closed form through the expansion and merging of several gravel and sandbanks. It is a nature reserve, cannot be entered and is therefore not maintained. Its near-natural, self-regulating vegetation includes a soft and hardwood floodplain and a smooth oat meadow, which is reforested due to lack of care.
Landscape character
The Dresden Elbe Valley is not a consistently arranged park landscape based on an overall design concept. Rather, it has been reshaped over centuries, with planning interventions in places. In the downtown area, the Elbe Valley is increasingly taking on the character of an urban landscape . On the Königsufer (opposite Dresden's old town), the Elbe meadows merge into smaller parks, such as the Palaisgarten. The Ostragehege was also designed with the artificial surrounding mountain and the avenues by Hans Erlwein using the first methods of urban planning. An important element of the cultural landscape are the Elbe meadows , which connect all the components.
Settlement structure and architecture
The former world cultural heritage includes numerous objects from different centuries. At various points they document the settlement and economic history of Dresden since the Renaissance . This also includes various sacred and secular structures along the Elbe.
Districts and village centers
The Dresden Elbe Valley includes various parts of the city. In addition to Dresden's old town, this includes numerous old village centers from the time of the Sorbian settlement on both sides of the Elbe. Mention is made of the village centers of Söbrigen , Oberpoyritz , Pillnitz , Hosterwitz , Niederpoyritz , Laubegast , Wachwitz , Loschwitz and Blasewitz above the city center as well as those of Pieschen , Mickten and Übigau downstream . There are also other village centers in the buffer zone, such as Kleinzschachwitz or Tolkewitz .
Some village centers such as those of Blasewitz, Pieschen and Mickten were rebuilt and overbuilt suburban during the industrialization and especially during the early days . Even there, the village cores have been preserved to this day in a reduced form. A special feature is the preserved village center in the Wilsdruffer Vorstadt , which is located in the inner-city suburban belt.
A striking example of the development of the districts in the Wilhelminian era is Schillerplatz at the Blue Wonder, in the vicinity of some of the buildings that have been preserved from the former village of Blasewitz. West of Blasewitz joins the Johannstadt, a segment of the suburban belt. The other parts of the suburban belt, Pirnaische Vorstadt , Radeberger Vorstadt , Wilsdruffer Vorstadt and Friedrichstadt , were also part of the world heritage.
From the Inner New Town , for example, the buildings near the shore ( State Chancellery ) of the government district , the Neustädter Markt with the log house and the Golden Rider as well as the Palaisplatz with the Japanese Palace belong to the core zone of the former world cultural heritage. The Innere Neustadt was built after a city fire until 1732 as the “New Royal City” according to baroque urban planning ideas in the form of a semicircle around the central Albertplatz . The Elbe arch in front of Dresden's old town was used as a form-giver. The Elbe meadows and the Königsufer are the outer boundary for this sector-like district.
Buildings
There are numerous castles and villas along the banks of the Elbe. The Pillnitz Castle and the idyllic in the vineyards Vineyard Church located in the extreme southeast of the cultural area. The Maria am Wasser church is located in Hosterwitz . The "Elbschlösser" Schloss Albrechtsberg , Lingnerschloss (seat of the World Heritage Center Dresden Elbe Valley ) and Schloss Eckberg are located on the Elbe slope . The castle Übigau forms the western end of the cultural area .
Also components of the cultural landscape are preserved technical monuments such as the Blue Wonder , the Saloppe waterworks or the Erlweinspeicher and the Yenidze , which are included in the area. The well-known buildings in the city center such as the Zwinger , Semperoper , Residenzschloss , Brühlsche Terrasse , Frauenkirche and Japanese Palace were rather relegated to the consideration of the world cultural heritage, as only parts of them have survived in the original. In the city center, the old city fortress, which has been preserved under the Brühl Terrace , is one of the monuments it contains. By overbuilding the famous terrace, the complex was saved from being razed.
By characterizing it as a “developing cultural area”, the city was given scope for further - also modern - development of the areas. With the synagogue and the state parliament, there are already two buildings in the core zone of the former world cultural heritage, which are built using modern methods. In addition to these “leading buildings” of modernism in the city center, modern imitation villas and functional buildings, as are typical of the present, are also being built in the surrounding districts, especially in Blasewitz and Striesen.
use
Historical celebrity
The picturesque embedding of the city in the Elbe Valley has had an attractive and inspiring effect on many artists for centuries.
Heinrich von Kleist wrote in 1801:
- "Dresden has a large, ceremonial position, in the middle of umkränzenden Elbhöhen that at some distance, as if they did not dare to approach out of respect, rearrange it. The river suddenly leaves its right bank and quickly turns to Dresden to kiss its darling. From the height of the Zwinger you can follow its course almost as far as Meißen . He turns now to the right, now to the left bank, as if the choice was difficult for him, and staggered as if with delight, and meanders playfully in thousands of detours through the friendly valley, as if he did not want to go into the sea. "
The German UNESCO Commission wrote in 2004:
- “Dresden has been the residence of the Saxon dukes, electors and later kings since the 15th century . Under Elector Friedrich August I , known as 'the Strong', Dresden advanced to become the capital of European importance. [...] The large collections of the Gemäldegalerie and the Grünes Gewölbe and the first European porcelain manufacture were created . In the 18th century the city was a center of European politics, culture and economy. A large number of artists and scientists have left their mark on the Dresden Elbe Valley over the past 400 years. "
Dresden is compared with the Tuscan capital Florence (the "Italian Athens") , which has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1982 and stated in its application that it is the "world's largest accumulation of universally known works of art", thanks to its eponymous city name, Elbflorenz , which has been naturalized since the 19th century own.
Living room
Today, the districts that extend into the “Dresden Elbe Valley” with a buffer zone are home to almost 200,000 residents in various residential areas. It is precisely this population density in the protected area and its immediate surroundings that distinguishes the Dresden Elbe Valley from all other European cultural landscapes under UNESCO protection , such as the Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm , which is also located in the Elbe valley.
The village centers along the Elbe, just like the formerly suburban districts, are evidence of settlement activity in the landscape. If you look at the settlement, the contrasting transitions between (natural) landscape and living space, which are characterized by the Elbe Valley, are particularly striking. In the southeast of the city there are numerous village centers that lean against the northern slope of the Elbe, separated by the Elbe and Elbe meadows from the densely populated districts opposite, such as Laubegast, Tolkewitz and eastern Blasewitz. The Dresdner Heide and the Elbe slopes stretch almost into the city center.
Economy and Transport
The Elbe Valley was and is used as an economic area. The Elbe meadows represent an agricultural area, the cultivation of which contributes to the preservation of the character of the landscape. The Dresden Elbe Valley was reshaped, particularly during industrialization. Relics such as the shipyard in Laubegast or the waterworks are expressly part of the landscape worthy of protection. Most of the facilities are not industrial monuments, but - such as the shipyard - are still in operation. Facilities such as the slaughterhouse in the Ostragehege or the Erlweinspeicher were converted. The different use of buildings that are under monument protection is accepted in terms of conservation.
Last but not least, the cultural landscape is located in a supraregional economic center and is crossed every day by streams of commuters, which are typical for large cities like Dresden. Important traffic routes such as the long-distance railway line to Leipzig and five road bridges run through the Dresden Elbe Valley. The conflict between the cultural landscape and its use for crossing traffic developed just a few months after the designation of the UNESCO status by the planned Waldschlößchenbrücke. The escalation described in the “ Waldschlößchenbrücke ” section was by no means inevitable, compare the development of other endangered World Heritage sites in Germany .
tourism
The city of Dresden, which had already seen increasing numbers of tourists for years, wants to support this trend by means of the Dresden Elbe Valley . For this purpose, the municipal Dresden-Werbung und Tourismus GmbH accompanied the World Heritage project with the aim of developing tourist effects. In Japan in particular, and in the future in China , round trips in Central Europe are planned widely via World Heritage sites. The Dresden Elbe Valley is to be included in a chain of World Heritage sites that are easily accessible from Stralsund and Wismar via Potsdam and Berlin to Prague and Vienna . Visiting them combines a tour of World Heritage sites with the character of a city trip . The Dresden Elbe Valley is also located in the west-east direction in the midst of a number of World Heritage sites, between the Wartburg and the sites of Weimar , Quedlinburg and Dessau on the one hand, as well as the Fürst-Pückler-Park Bad Muskau , Friedenskirche Jauer (Jawor) , Świdnica Church of Peace and Kraków Old Town on the other side.
The effects of tourism on the area are different. Above all, the well-known attractions in Pillnitz, the mountain railways and Blasewitz are stressed and used. Other parts such as the many village centers, on the other hand, are almost untouched and are only noticed in passing by tourists. The Elberadweg on the southern side of the Elbe is used by locals and tourists alike for recreation and as a traffic route. For tourists, it is particularly attractive for bike tours in Saxon Switzerland . An overbuilding of the loose structure by hotel complexes has so far not been and is not planned, so that in the many suburbs small inns, guest houses and guest rooms dominate the gastronomy .
accessibility
Most of the landscape, including parks and green spaces, is freely accessible. This only applied to the Pillnitz Palace Park until the beginning of 2012, and the Saxon state government has been charging an entry fee since April 2 of that year . It is intended to ensure the long-term preservation of the facility, but is criticized, among other things, because smaller entrances were closed in this context and the entire work was changed. Critics fear further restrictions on other green spaces. Karl-Heinz Gerstenberg , the cultural-political spokesman for the Bündnis 90 / Greens parliamentary group in the state parliament , emphasized that "Saxony's kings have already granted their subjects" free access and that this privilege should not be deprived of the citizens by a democratic cultural state. Both the Free Democratic Party and Die Linke campaigned for free access to the facility in the state parliament.
Threats to the cultural landscape
Waldschlößchenbrücke
At a particularly wide point of the Elbe meadows , the cultural landscape is crossed by the four-lane road bridge " Waldschlößchenbrücke ", which was completed on August 24, 2013 . Since its planning in the mid-1990s, this street has sparked years of controversy in terms of urban and regional politics.
Before a February 2005 referendum decided in favor of the implementation, it has been argued by the opponents again strong (among other things) the nature and landscape degradation. However, all explanations on the question of the referendum were based on the assumption that the building was compatible with World Heritage status .
The UNESCO World Heritage Committee had been informed about a planned bridge in the Dresden application approved a year earlier, but apparently incorrect information was available on the details. Decisive for these errors were an incorrect location specification by the monument protection authority ICOMOS and changes to the size of the bridge after the Elbe flood of the century in August 2002 , when the original flatter solution was discarded. In November 2005 the World Heritage Committee therefore requested more detailed information from the City of Dresden, in particular a detailed visual assessment .
In early 2006, the Lord Mayor of Dresden, Ingolf Roßberg, described UNESCO's concerns as a mere communication problem . Contrary to the recommendation of the World Heritage Commission, he insisted that construction start in March 2006, even before UNESCO wanted to discuss this issue. The director of the World Heritage Center Francesco Bandarin then told a local newspaper that the bridge in this form was by no means acceptable. The German UNESCO Commission in Bonn rated Rossberg's position as an "affront". The organization's deputy general secretary, Dieter Offenhäußer, said "This will have consequences for UNESCO's decision and suggests bad things." After criticism from across Germany and a visit from the Foreign Office, construction of the bridge was suspended for the time being in order to await UNESCO's decision on the threat .
In April 2006, the independent expert report by the Aachen city planner Kunibert Wachten , required by UNESCO, was published. It certifies that the bridge has had serious negative effects on the Elbe Valley, especially on visual relationships and the overall impression: the Waldschlößchenbrücke cuts the contiguous landscape of the Elbe arch at the most sensitive point and irreversibly divides it in two halves. The visual effects of the planned Waldschlößchenbrücke are serious and mean irreversible damage to the special qualities of the Elbe Valley.
On July 11, 2006, the UNESCO World Heritage Committee decided to add the Dresden Elbe Valley to the Red List of World Heritage in Danger because of the bridge . Germany and the City of Dresden were asked not to build the bridge, but to look for and propose alternatives. In the event of the bridge being built, the denial of the title was threatened.
On August 10, 2006, the Dresden city council decided to stop the construction project. However, since the council did not have the necessary two-thirds majority for a new referendum, the regional council ultimately called on the city to implement the referendum on bridge construction. Nevertheless, on August 24, 2006, the city council stuck to its decision to freeze construction with 36 to 30 votes and at the same time spoke out in favor of further negotiations with UNESCO in order to both receive the World Heritage title and be able to build the bridge.
The regional council then tried to start construction with a substitute operation, which the city initially prevented with a lawsuit at the Dresden Administrative Court . However, after an unsuccessful mediation process, the Bautzen Higher Administrative Court, which ultimately made the decision, overturned this decision on March 9, 2007 and declared the immediate implementation of the referendum to be mandatory. In the grounds of the judgment it is stated that the World Heritage Convention cannot have a binding effect, since it is not reflected in federal law, and that the will of the people through the referendum has priority over this. After the state capital failed with two constitutional lawsuits directed against it, the city administration and the city council majority continue to rely on a compromise with UNESCO in the form of a modified bridge. However, the regional council rejected an alternative design developed on behalf of the state capital because it did not correspond to the planning approval. Due to the judicially confirmed priority that the authority gave the referendum to the world heritage, it initiated the construction of the originally planned variant on June 8, 2007 by starting to award construction contracts by substitute execution. The Dresden Elbe Valley World Heritage was threatened with the revocation of the title - as the world's second World Heritage site (the game reserve in the Oman desert was revoked in 2007). During its meeting from June 23 to July 1, 2007 in Christchurch, New Zealand, the UNESCO commission did not initially recognize the status of World Heritage, but requested improvements to the controversial bridge construction project by October 2007. This deadline passed unused, instead construction work began on November 19, 2007 to implement the design from 1997. On the initiative of Frauenkirchen building director Eberhard Burger , bridge architect Henry Ripke made some changes to "streamline" the design until January 2008 incorporated. The UNESCO representatives invited, who had to work out a draft resolution for the conference in Quebec (Canada) in July 2008, inspected the status of the construction work on site. They could not be convinced to accept the minimal changes in place of the requested alternative design. Instead, they recommended building a tunnel instead of the bridge.
While several federal ministries raised concerns about an international breach of treaty and therefore threatened to withdraw the 80 million euros BMFT funding planned for the Waldschlößchenbrücke traffic train, Chancellor Angela Merkel spoke of a “regional conflict” that should also be decided on site. Meanwhile, signatures have been and are being collected for a new referendum (in favor of the re-planning of the Elbe bridge into a tunnel). At the beginning of March 2008, on the other hand, on the occasion of a renewed warning by UNESCO, the city administration took the view that even after the referendum period that had expired at the end of February 2008, it had no legal scope for a construction freeze.
In an open letter on March 28, 2008 , the federal government stated:
- "Deleting the Dresden Elbe Valley from the World Heritage List would significantly affect Germany's reputation and Germany's relationship with UNESCO."
- "The responsibility for the construction of the Waldschlösschenbrücke [lies] with the state capital Dresden and the Free State of Saxony."
- “The World Heritage Convention was ratified in 1976 in accordance with ... the so-called ' Lindau Agreement ', i. H. the countries gave their consent ... at that time. This means that the federal states are also ... bound by the World Heritage Convention. "
On July 3, 2008, the UNESCO World Heritage Committee decided that the Dresden Elbe Valley should not be deprived of the title of World Heritage Site for the time being. The Elbe valley remained on the red list of endangered objects. The committee made it clear that the title should be revoked in 2009 if the bridge project was not stopped and the damage caused by then repaired. It also followed the recommendation of the expert mission for the tunnel solution.
At the suggestion of Horst Wadehn , Chairman of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites Germany e. V. , representatives of the Dresden World Heritage Movement sent a letter in March 2009 to each of the 154 accredited ambassadors of the UNESCO member states in Germany with the request "to take action on the diplomatic level for the preservation of the world heritage" . The Dresden Bundestag members of the CDU and FDP ( Vaatz , Lämmel and Mücke ) responded to this process, which is unique in the history of UNESCO , with a letter to the same group of addressees, in which they asked the diplomats to reject the request of the World Heritage advocates.
Increasing overbuilding
Quite a few Dresden residents also see a threat to the cultural landscape in the planned development of several properties on the Elbe slope (on the Saloppe and in Oberloschwitz ) with buildings of larger dimensions.
Preservation of objects
There are also problems with the preservation of cultural monuments in the areas of the former world cultural heritage . The numerous village centers and villas have been renewed and maintained in the last 15 years and in some cases even before that through investment by the owners and residents as well as state funding. In some parts of the city, such as Blasewitz, Loschwitz and the Weißen Hirsch , the cultural value of the monuments is the reason for the outstanding value of the residential areas. In these parts, monuments are preserved for purely economic reasons.
Individual properties such as Schloss Wachwitz or Schloss Übigau , on the other hand, have expired in recent years due to unsettled ownership claims or a lack of interest from investors. Even the designation of the world heritage and the hoped-for increase in value of the objects could not change that. The endangerment of these objects was also overshadowed by the discussion about the Waldschlößchenbrücke.
Prospective funding from the federal special funding program for World Heritage Sites of up to 13 million euros (especially for Lingnerschloss , Busmannkapelle and Übigau Castle ) was completely canceled in June 2009 due to the imminent withdrawal of the World Heritage title.
"World Heritage" status (2004–2009)
The application for the title of World Heritage Site for the Elbe Valley landscape was initiated in 2002 and submitted in 2003 after it became clear that the rebuilt historic old town alone could not be included in the list. Only the river landscape is considered to have been preserved in its original form and thus fulfills the main criterion.
Application area
As a one-part space, the Elbe Valley was found to be worthy of protection by UNESCO, covering most of the course of the Elbe within the city limits of Dresden. For the designation as a world cultural heritage, the spatial definition of the cultural region was carried out by delimiting the core and buffer zone on both sides of the Elbe.
The core zone has its greatest extent in Pillnitz , followed by the Ostragehege and the area around the Blasewitz forest park with the Elbe castles on the opposite side of the Elbe .
The buffer zone includes both the Inner Old Town and the Inner New Town , i.e. the historic inner city of Dresden.
The village center of Wilsdruffer Vorstadt and the village center of Pieschen were also included in the world heritage list as objects located outside of both zones .
Criteria and importance
UNESCO provides various criteria for evaluating cultural or natural assets . UNESCO justified the fact that the Dresden Elbe Valley fulfilled criteria ii, iii, iv and v as follows:
- (ii): “The Dresden Elbe Valley has been a crossroads for culture, science and technology. His art collections, architecture, gardens and landscape objects were important points of reference for the development of Central Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries. "
- (iii): "The Dresden Elbe Valley contains outstanding evidence of courtly architecture and festivity as well as well-known examples of bourgeois architecture and an industrial heritage, which represent European urban development into the industrial era."
- (iv): "The Dresden Elbe Valley is an outstanding cultural landscape, an ensemble that integrates baroque surroundings and suburban garden cities into an artistic whole within the river valley."
- (v): “The Dresden Elbe Valley is an outstanding example of land use that shows the extraordinary development of an important central European city. The value of this landscape has long been recognized, but is now under pressure to change. "
The last explanation resulted in the interpretation of the “developing cultural landscape”, whose developmental character up to the endangerment of the entire landscape was discussed.
Communication problem in the nomination process
The Dresden application also contained documents relating to the planned Waldschlößchenbrücke in the middle of the application area , the planning process of which was almost complete at this point. However, the location of the bridge was only described with the verbal place name (Waldschlößchenbrücke, Brücke am Waldschlößchen). Neither in the actual application (Kulturlandschaft Elbtal Dresden , 125 p. In German and English submitted), nor in the attached, greatly reduced ( A3 ) copy of the map of the land use plan (FNP), nor in the frequently cited Annex 20 - brief explanations of the Waldschlößchenbrücke project the intended building site was clearly located in the middle of the requested World Heritage area .
The only document - drawn up in the conference languages of UNESCO - available to the delegates for decisive deliberation was the evaluation report of the ICOMOS organization . Its appraiser, the Finn Jukka Jokilehto , had inadvertently given the wrong description of the location “5 km down the river from the center” ( 5 km downstream of the city center ; correct would have been: 2.5 km upstream ) after he had published planning documents and Had inspected the site.
It is undisputed that ICOMOS was responsible for the information deficit resulting from this error. It has not yet been decided to what extent others (state capital, UNESCO commission, ...) would have had the opportunity or duty to correct the incorrect location information in good time.
Award of the title
On 24./25. June 2005 the ceremonial handover of the certificate of appointment (in Albrechtsberg Castle ) and the unveiling of a bronze commemorative plaque (in front of the Loschwitz church ).
Withdrawal of the title
Because of the construction of the Waldschlößchenbrücke , the Dresden Elbe Valley was finally removed from the World Heritage List again: After the city of Dresden had to start building the Elbe crossing under pressure from the regional council and the state government on November 19, 2007, UNESCO replaced the original for July 2008 threatened deletion ( see below ) initially a renewed ultimatum of one year (among other things because of several pending lawsuits) and spoke out in favor of a tunnel solution. The World Heritage Committee's secretariat (World Heritage Center Paris) submitted a proposal to remove the Dresden Elbe Valley World Heritage site from the list of World Heritage sites in Seville in June 2009 . The Lord Mayor of Dresden, Helma Orosz, made a short speech at this meeting, unsuccessful in promoting the decision to receive the title or to postpone the decision until the bridge was completed. The UNESCO committee decided to withdraw the title by 14 votes to 5 with two invalid votes.
Germany is the world's second State in which a world heritage has disappeared (after 2007 for Oman due to its reduction of the wildlife reserves of the Arabian Oryx was the first cancellation occurs), a world cultural heritage, even the very first. There are different judgments as to whether purely objective reasons (see below in the section on threats ) were decisive or whether - as claimed by Dresden bridge proponents - UNESCO allowed itself to be instrumentalized by opponents of the construction project. A re-inclusion of the Dresden Elbe Valley cultural landscape in the list of world cultural heritage sites in accordance with the provisions in Chapter III of the guidelines is considered conceivable.
Acceptance problem
A few days before the UNESCO conference in June 2009, a representative survey by the Institute for Market Research Leipzig confirmed the division of the Dresden population with regard to the world heritage issue. Overall, only 41% were of the opinion that the World Heritage title was indispensable for the city, while 57% thought it was dispensable. According to this survey, the most supporters of the city's world heritage were among the 18 to 29-year-olds from Dresden, of whom just under half thought it was dispensable, while very few were among the 30 to 49-year-olds, 61% of whom were for " dispensable ”voted.
See also:
- Breakup and self-dissolution of the board of trustees
- Dresden Bridge Dispute #The bridge dispute as a political issue (for Dresden local politics and for the entire World Heritage in Saxony )
- Dresden Bridge Dispute # on the World Heritage compatibility of the Middle Rhine Bridge
- Dresden Bridge Dispute #Reception (including the Erika Lust picture " Ms. Orosz advertises the World Heritage ")
Bodies
The principle was that existing responsibilities within the UNESCO protected area continue to exist and are related to the overarching protection goal. Tourism marketing was entrusted to Dresden-Werbung und Tourismus GmbH (DWT) and a board of trustees and a working group were created for other tasks as special bodies . The overarching coordination was the responsibility of Matthias Lerm's World Heritage Office , which was part of the Mayor's division. Lerm was also a member of the working group, which otherwise essentially comprised the city officials concerned and the directors of World Heritage-related institutions.
Board of Trustees
According to its rules of procedure, the " Kuratorium Welterbe Dresdner Elbe Valley" had the task of "working towards preserving and developing the World Heritage site" and "ensuring that the interests of the World Heritage site [...] are represented in public." The city council appointed Dieter Bartetzko , Maria Emanuel von Meißen , Erich Iltgen , Barbara Ludwig , Ingolf Roßberg and one representative from each of the city council groups to the committee. According to the statutes, the chairman is the mayor; Since Ingolf Roßberg's suspension, Ingo Zimmermann took over the post until August 1, 2008, when the new mayor Helma Orosz took office . The latter, however, only “theoretically”, since (see end of the section) the body was already in the process of dissolution.
In total, the board of trustees initially had 20 members, but because of the differences of opinion in the Dresden bridge dispute , Konrad Zdarsa (then vicar general in Dresden, now bishop in Augsburg) and the city councils of the CDU, FDP and civic parliamentary group gave up their office. The President of the Landtag, Erich Iltgen, also no longer took part in the meetings.
In connection with the bridge dispute, the board of trustees repeatedly campaigned for a willingness to compromise, for example in letters to decision-makers in the city, state and federal government. As a consequence, Konrad Zdarsa justified his resignation from the body by stating that he no longer wanted to be involved in a process "which undermines the democratically legitimized vote of more than two thirds of Dresden's voters" . After the letters to the Prime Minister of Saxony, Stanislaw Tillich, were not even acknowledged, the remaining members decided on June 30, 2008, resignedly and unanimously, to resign by asking the city council to release them from their duties.
World Heritage Center
The Dresden World Heritage Center, sponsored by the Development Forum Dresden eV, worked on behalf of the state capital and was funded by it. It was the central information and coordination point for the World Heritage area and, with its headquarters in the Lingner Castle, also served as a venue for events and exhibitions.
The regular opening of the premises ended at the end of August 2009, only a few projects that had been started - for example a series of lectures on other World Heritage sites - were continued until the end of the year.
World Heritage Day
Since the existence of its World Heritage, the state capital has invited to World Heritage Day every year on the first Sunday of June , and in 2009 for the fifth and last time.
supporter
Numerous institutions inside and outside Dresden were partners of the World Heritage. There is also the Dresden Elbe Valley World Heritage Citizens' Initiative .
Through the development Forum Dresden the were Endowment Fund UNESCO World Heritage (under the umbrella of the Community Foundation of Dresden ) and the Professional Board Dresdner World Heritage founded. The latter was committed to a tunnel solution for the Waldschlößchen-Elbe crossing in order to prevent the World Heritage title from being withdrawn.
literature
- Dieter Bartetzko (author), Harf Zimmermann (photographer): World cultural heritage Dresden Elbe Valley. Nicolai, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-89479-299-2 .
- List of other publications on the Dresden Elbe Valley World Heritage ( Memento from January 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) at www.dresden.de
Web links
- Green City of Dresden ( Memento from February 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) at www.dresden.de
- To the world cultural heritage
- Entry on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).
- Masterplan World Heritage Dresden Elbe Valley (PDF; 13.5 MB)
- Welterbezentrum-Dresden.de ( Memento from June 2, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), June 2, 2008, in the Internet Archive
- Information from the German UNESCO Commission
- Annotated partial translation by Wilfried Hanisch on the article "Compliance with the UNESCO World Heritage Convention: Reflections on the Elbe Valley and the Dresden Waldschlösschen Bridge" (PDF; 227 kB) by Prof. Sabine von Schorlemer , published in the German Yearbook of International Law 2009 edition , ISBN 978-3-428-13132-7 .
- Kunibert Wachten , Chair and Institute for Urban Development and Regional Planning at RWTH Aachen University : The two reports on the visual effects of the Waldschlösschen Bridge and the Middle Rhine Bridge .
- bundestag.de: Four lanes from the cultural heritage ( Parliament No. 16-17, April 16, 2007)
- Dumm builds well (DIE ZEIT at the start of construction in the World Heritage area, November 22, 2007)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c ICOMOS report: Dresden Elbe Valley (Germany), No 1156 (PDF; 292 kB) - evaluation report in English and French, March 2004
- ↑ a b Decision on Dresden. German UNESCO Commission, accessed on March 27, 2014 .
- ↑ a b http://dresden.de/de/rathaus/aktuelles/pressemitteilungen/archiv/2005/06/c_082.php
- ↑ To apply for world heritage status. State capital Dresden, archived from the original on January 25, 2010 ; accessed on March 27, 2014 .
- ↑ SPIEGEL ONLINE: Dresden Elbe Valley is officially a World Heritage Site , June 24, 2005
- ^ German UNESCO Commission: Press release on entry on the red list , July 11, 2006
- ↑ a b Kunibert Wachten , Chair and Institute for Urban Development and Regional Planning at RWTH Aachen University : The two reports on the visual effects of the Waldschlösschen Bridge and the Middle Rhine Bridge
- ↑ Thematic city map: Glatthaferwiese on the banks of the Elbe Johannstadt (ND 37) ( Memento from November 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b c Protected areas according to the Nature Conservation Act. (PDF; 155 kB) In: Environmental Atlas 04/2008. Environmental Office of the City of Dresden, p. 2 (NSG 1), 5 (ND 37–39) , accessed on March 27, 2014 .
- ↑ Themed city map: Pieschener Allee (ND 39)
- ^ ICOMOS report: The Historic Center of Florence. December 30, 1981 (PDF file; 166 kB)
- ↑ UNESCO: World Heritage Committee threatens to remove Dresden Elbe Valley (Germany) from World Heritage List (English) , July 12, 2006
- ↑ Tomorrow's cultural landscape is not yesterday's - Robert de Jong, President International Committee of Historic Gardens-Cultural Landscapes, ICOMOS / IFLA, November 8, 2002 (PDF 0.2 MB)
- ↑ Speech by Lord Mayor Ingolf Roßberg at the ceremony for handing over the certificates UNESCO World Heritage Dresden Elbe Valley (PDF; 29 kB)
- ↑ Moored roughly to European roads and traffic corridors
- ↑ Entrance fees and opening times for Pillnitz Palace and Park
- ^ Sächsische Zeitung : Another dispute over entry for Pillnitz Castle Park
- ↑ karl-heinz-gerstenberg.de: "Access to Pillnitz Castle Park must remain free - no entrance fee without a state parliament resolution " ( Memento of October 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ http://www.neue-kraft-fuer-sachsen.de/fraktion/archiv/kostenfreier_zugang_zum_schlosspark_pillnitz_muss_bleiben.php (link not available)
- ↑ Group of the Left Party: Press Release 51/2007 ( Memento of May 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ UNESCO: Oman's Arabian Oryx Sanctuary: first site ever to be deleted from UNESCO's World Heritage List (English) , June 28, 2006
- ↑ German UNESCO Commission on the decision of the Bautzen Higher Administrative Court , March 13, 2007
- ↑ meinDresden.info: Burger Bridge does not convince UNESCO representatives , February 5, 2008
- ↑ N. Burke: UNESCO report recommends the construction of a tunnel instead of a bridge in Dresden World Heritage site . UNESCO , March 7, 2008, archived from the original on June 21, 2008 ; accessed on July 23, 2019 (English, original website no longer available).
- ^ State capital Dresden: Statement on the announced withdrawal of the World Heritage title ( memento of July 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), March 6, 2008
- ^ Press and Information Office of the Federal Government on behalf of the Federal Chancellor: Re: Transforming the World Heritage Convention into national law , March 28, 2008
- ↑ DIE WELT: Dresden Elbe Valley remains Unesco World Heritage for the time being , July 4, 2008 and World Heritage Committee keeps Dresden Elbe Valley on UNESCO World Heritage List, urging an end to building of bridge , press release of July 4, 2008 (English)
- ↑ http://www.sz-online.de/special/wsb/artikel.asp?id=2110079 straight-line | date = 2018-12 | url = http: //www.sz-online.de/special/wsb/artikel.asp? id = 2110079 | archivebot = 2018-12-02 11:26:10 InternetArchiveBot}} (link not available)
- ^ Letter from Jan Mücke, Arnold Vaatz and Andreas Lämmel to the 154 UNESCO ambassadors accredited in Germany. (No longer available online.) March 27, 2009, archived from the original on July 8, 2014 ; accessed on March 27, 2014 .
- ↑ saloppe-bleibt.de. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014 ; Retrieved July 23, 2014 .
- ↑ Save the Elbe slope! Loschwitzhöhe Citizens' Initiative, accessed on July 23, 2014 .
- ↑ http://dresden.de/de/rathaus/aktuelles/pressemitteilungen/archiv/2002/12/c_3965.php
- ↑ elbtunnel-dresden.de: And the UNESCO was informed !? , July 8, 2008
- ↑ welterbe-erhalten.de: UNESCO had an incorrect description of the location of the bridge , November 8, 2005
- ↑ BauBlog: Loss of world heritage status - embarrassing for whom? - ICOMOS experts Ilse Friedrich and Jukka Jokilehto at the George Bähr Forum of the TU Dresden, June 14, 2007.
- ↑ DER TAGESSPIEGEL: Protest in the Dresden Elbe Valley: "Against nature and reason" , November 23, 2007
- ↑ UNESCO: UNESCO regrets decision on construction of bridge that threatens delisting of Dresden Elbe Valley from World Heritage List (English) ( Memento of December 8, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), November 14, 2007.
- ↑ Sächsische Zeitung: Unesco is serious: Dresden should lose the title "World Heritage" ( Memento of September 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), May 15, 2009.
- ↑ dresden.de: Speech by the Lord Mayor to the World Heritage Committee ( memento from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (German translation), June 25, 2009.
- ↑ Press release of the German UNESCO Commission
- ^ German UNESCO Commission: The decision on the Dresden Elbe Valley , June 2009.
- ↑ [1] (PDF file)
- ↑ a b c d Structure and partners. State capital Dresden, archived from the original on April 6, 2010 ; accessed on July 23, 2019 .
- ↑ The Board of Trustees urges prudence. In: Welt Online . July 18, 2006, accessed March 27, 2014 .
- ↑ http://www.dnn-download.de/pdf/00001110.pdf Genealogie, Dead Link | date = 2018-12 | url = http: //www.dnn-download.de/pdf/00001110.pdf | archivebot = 2018-12-02 11:26:11 InternetArchiveBot}} (link not available)
- ↑ Vicar General resigned from UNESCO Board of Trustees: Respect the vote of the Dresden voters. Diocese of Dresden-Meißen, July 21, 2006, accessed on March 27, 2014 .
- ^ Sächsische Zeitung: Board of Trustees for World Heritage resigns , July 1, 2008.
- ↑ Homepage and floor plan (PDF; 152 kB) of the World Heritage Center
- ↑ "We have inherited - the Elbe Valley between Übigau and Pillnitz" ( Memento from November 28, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) - program of events for the 5th World Heritage Day on June 7, 2009 (PDF; 169 kB)
- ↑ Links to partners & further information. State capital Dresden, archived from the original on May 15, 2007 ; accessed on March 27, 2014 .
- ↑ Citizens' Initiative World Heritage Dresden Elbe Valley
- ↑ Endowment Fund UNESCO World Heritage Dresden Elbe Valley. August 2, 2006, archived from the original on August 21, 2006 ; accessed on March 27, 2014 .
- ↑ {{web archive | text = - | url = http: //www.entwicklungsforum-dresden.de/fachrat-dresdner-welterbe.htm | wayback = 20070527141835 | archiv-bot = 2018-12-02 11:26:11 InternetArchiveBot}} (link not available)
- ↑ The tunnel as an alternative. Green League - Network of Ecological Movements, accessed March 27, 2014 .
Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 0 ″ N , 13 ° 48 ′ 45 ″ E
Cultural heritage:
Aachen Cathedral (1978) |
Speyer Cathedral (1981) |
Würzburg Residence with Hofgarten and Residenzplatz (1981) |
Pilgrimage Church on the Wies (1983) |
Palaces of Augustusburg and Falkenlust in Brühl (1984) |
Cathedral and Michaeliskirche in Hildesheim (1985) |
Roman monuments, cathedral and Church of Our Lady in Trier (1986) |
Historic Hanseatic City of Lübeck (1987) |
Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin (1990) |
Lorsch Abbey (1991) |
Rammelsberg mine, old town of Goslar and Upper Harz water management (1992) |
Maulbronn Monastery Complex (1993) | Old Town of Bamberg (1993) |
Collegiate Church , Castle and Old Town of Quedlinburg (1994) |
Völklinger Hütte (1994) |
Cologne Cathedral (1996) |
The Bauhaus and its sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau (1996, 2017) |
Luther memorials in Eisleben and Wittenberg (1996) |
Classic Weimar (1998) |
Museum Island Berlin (1999) |
Wartburg (1999) |
Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm (2000) |
Reichenau Monastery Island (2000) |
Zeche Zollverein and coking plant Zollverein (2001) |
Upper Middle Rhine Valley (2002) |
Old towns of Stralsund and Wismar (2002) |
Bremen Town Hall and Bremen Roland (2004) |
Fürst-Pückler-Park Bad Muskau (2004) |
Limits of the Roman Empire : Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes (2005) |
Old town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof (2006) |
Settlements of Berlin Modernism (2008) |
Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps (2011) |
Fagus factory in Alfeld (2011) |
Margravial Opera House Bayreuth (2012) |
Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe (2013) |
Carolingian Westwork and Civitas Corvey (2014) |
Hamburger Speicherstadt and Kontorhausviertel with Chilehaus (2015) |
The architectural work of Le Corbusier : two houses in the Weißenhofsiedlung (2016) |
Caves and Ice Age Art of the Swabian Alb (2017) |
Archaeological border complex Haithabu and Danewerk (2018) |
Naumburg Cathedral (2018) |
Ore Mountains Mining Region (2019) |
Augsburg water management system (2019)
Natural heritage:
Messel Pit (1995) |
Wadden Sea of the North Sea (2009) |
Old beech forests (2011)
Former World Heritage:
Dresden Elbe Valley Cultural Landscape (2004–2009)