List of heads of state 1516

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Africa

• ( Abdalwadiden ) (in what is now western Algeria, capital Tlemcen )
  • Sultan : Abu Abdallah Muhammad VIII (1504–1517)

• Adal
  • Sultan: Muhammad ibn Azhar ad-Din (1488-1518)

• Egypt ( Burjiyya dynasty )
  • Sultan : Al Ashraf Qansuh II. Al-Ghuri (1501-1516)
  • Sultan: Al-Ashraf Tuman Bay II. (1516-1517)

• Ethiopia
  • Emperor (Negus Negest) : David II. (1508–1540)

• Bornu (in present-day Niger ) Sefuwa dynasty
  • King / May: Mohammed V (1515–1538)

• Ifriqiya (East Algeria, Tunisia) ( Hafsiden )
  • Caliph : Muhammad V (1493-1526)

• Jolof (in what is now Senegal )
  • Buur-ba Jolof : Bukaar Biye-Sungule (1492-1527)

• Kano
  • Emir: Muhammad Kisoki (1509–1565)

• Congo
  • Mani-Congo : Afonso I. (1509–1545)

• Morocco
  • Wattasids (in the north)
    • Sultan : Abdallah Muhammad (1505-1524)
  • Saadier (in the south)
    • Sultan : Abu Abdallah al-Qaim (1511-1517)

• Munhumutapa Empire
  • Ruler : Kakuyo Komunyaka (1494 – around 1530)

• Sultanate of Sannar (in what is now Sudan )
  • Sultan : Amara Dunqas (1503–1533 / 34)

• Songhaeich (in West Africa)
  • Ruler : Mohommed Ture the Great (1493–1528)

America

• Aztec Empire
  • Tlatoani : Moctezuma II. (1502-1520)

• Inca Empire
  • King : Huayna Cápac (1493–1527)

Asia

• China ( Ming Dynasty )
  • Emperor : Zhengde (1505–1521)

• India
  • Ahom (Assam)
    • King : Suhungmung (1497–1539)
  • Dekkan Sultanates (in Central India)
    • Ahmadnagar
      • Sultan: Burhan Shah I (1510–1553)
    • Berar
      • Sultan: Aladdin Imad Shah (1504–1529)
    • Bidar
      • Sultan: Amir Barid I (1504–1542)
    • Bijapur
      • Sultan : Ismail Adil Shah (1510–1534)
  • Delhi
    • Sultan : Sikandar II. Lodi (1489–1517)
  • Vijayanagar (in South India)
    • King : Krishnadeva Raya (1509–1529)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Go-Kashiwabara (1500–1526)
  • Shogun ( Ashikaga ): Ashikaga Yoshitane (1490-1493) (1508-1521)

• Korea ( Joseon Dynasty )
  • King : Jungjong (1506–1544)

• Ottoman Empire: see Europe

• Persia ( Safavid dynasty)
  • Shah : Ismail I (1501-1524)

• Thailand
  • King : Rama Thibodi II (1491–1529)

• Vietnam ( Hậu Lê Dynasty )
  • King: Lê Tương Dực (1510–1516)
  • King: Lê Quang Trị (1516)
  • King: Lê Chiêu Tông (1516–1522)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • King of Navarre :
      • Catherine of Navarre (1483–1517)
      • Johann III. (1512-1516)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Joan Despés (1515–1530)

• Denmark (1397–1523 personal union with Norway and Sweden Kalmar Union )
  • King : Christian II (1513–1523)

• Teutonic Order State
  • Grand Master : Albrecht von Brandenburg-Ansbach (1510–1525)

• England
  • King : Henry VIII (1509–1547) (from 1541 also in Ireland )

• France
  • King : Franz I (1515–1547)

• Holy Roman Empire
  • King : Maximilian I (1486 / 93–1519) emperor from 1508
  • Electorates
    • Archbishopric of Cologne
      • Archbishop : Hermann V. von Wied (1515–1547) (1532–1547 administrator of Paderborn)
    • Archbishopric Mainz
      • Archbishop : Albrecht von Brandenburg (1514–1545) (1513–1545 Archbishop of Magdeburg, 1513–1543 Administrator of Halberstadt)
    • Archbishopric Trier
      • Archbishop : Richard von Greiffenklau zu Vollrads (1511–1531)
    • Bohemia
      • King : Vladislav II (1471–1516)
      • King: Ludwig (1516–1526)
    • Brandenburg
      • Elector : Joachim I. Nestor (1499–1535)
    • Electoral Palatinate
      • Elector : Ludwig V (1508–1544)
    • Saxony ( Ernestiner )
      • Elector : Friedrich III. the wise (1486-1525)
  • spiritual principalities
    • Hochstift Augsburg
      • Bishop : Heinrich IV. Von Lichtenau (1505–1517)
    • Bamberg Monastery
      • Bishop : George III. Schenk of Limpurg (1505–1522)
    • Hochstift Basel
      • Bishop : Christoph von Utenheim (1503–1527)
    • Brandenburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Hieronymus Schulz (1507–1521) (1521–1522 Bishop of Havelberg)
    • Archbishopric Bremen
      • Archbishop : Christoph von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1511–1558) (1502–1558 Bishop of Verden)
    • Brixen monastery
      • Bishop : Christoph von Schroffenstein (1509–1521)
    • Archbishopric of Cambrai
      • Bishop : Jacques de Croÿ (1503-1516)
      • Bishop: Guillaume III. de Croÿ (1516-1519)
    • Hochstift Cammin
      • Bishop : Martin Karith (1498–1521)
    • Chiemsee Abbey
      • Bishop : Berthold Pürstinger (1508–1526)
    • Chur Monastery
      • Bishop : Paul Ziegler (1505–1541) (until 1509 administrator)
    • Eichstätt Monastery
      • Bishop : Gabriel von Eyb (1496–1535)
  • secular principalities
    • to bathe
      • Margrave : Philip I (1515–1533) (lower margraviate)
      • Margrave: Bernhard III. (1515–1536) (areas on the left bank of the Rhine)
      • Margrave: Ernst (1515–1553) (upper margraviate)
    • Bavaria (joint rule 1514–1545)
      • Duke : Wilhelm IV. (1508–1550) (in Munich)
      • Duke: Ludwig X. (1514–1545) (in Landshut)
    • Brandenburg-Ansbach
      • Margrave : George the Pious (1515–1543)
    • Brandenburg-Kulmbach
      • Margrave : Casimir (1515–1527)
    • Duchy of Brunswick-Lueneburg
      • Principality of Calenberg (-Göttingen)
        • Duke: Erich I (1495–1540)
      • Principality of Grubenhagen
        • Duke: Philip I (1485–1551)
      • Principality of Lüneburg
        • Duke : Henry I the Middle (1486–1520)
      • Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
        • Duke : Heinrich II. (1514–1568)
    • Hanau
      • Hanau-Lichtenberg
        • Count : Philip III. (1504–1538)
      • Hanau-Munzenberg
        • Count : Philip II (1512–1529)
    • Hesse
      • Landgrave : Philip I the Magnanimous (1509–1567)
    • Hohenzollern
      • Count : Eitel Friedrich III. (1512-1525)
    • Jülich-Berg (-Ravensberg)
      • Duke : Johann (Jülich-Kleve-Berg) (1511–1539) (from 1521 also Duke of Kleve-Mark)
    • Kleve Mark
      • Duke : Johann II. (1481–1521)
    • lip
      • Lord : Simon V (1511–1536) (count from 1528)
    • Lorraine
      • Duke : Anton II (1508–1544)
    • Mecklenburg (1503–1520 joint rule)
      • Duke : Heinrich V (1503–1552, Schwerin )
      • Duke: Albrecht VII (1503–1547, Güstrow )
    • Nassau
      • Ottonian line
        • Nassau-Beilstein
          • Count : Johann III. (1513–1561)
        • Nassau-Breda
          • Count : Heinrich III. (1504–1538)
        • Nassau-Dillenburg
          • Count : Johann V (1475–1516)
          • Count: William the Rich (1516–1559)
      • walramic line
        • Nassau-Saarbrücken
          • Count : Johann Ludwig I (1472–1545)
        • Nassau-Weilburg
          • Count : Ludwig I (1492–1523)
        • Nassau-Wiesbaden
          • Count : Philipp, the Elder (1511–1558)
    • Ortenburg
      • Count : Wolfgang I. (1490–1519)
    • Ostfriesland
      • Count : Edzard I. (1491–1528)
    • Palatinate (Kurlinie see under Electorates)
      • Pfalz-Neuburg
        • Count Palatine : Ottheinrich (1505–1557) (until 1522 under guardianship)
        • Count Palatine: Philip the Arguable (1505–1548) (until 1522 under guardianship)
        • Regent: Friedrich of the Palatinate (1505–1522)
      • Palatinate-Simmern
        • Count Palatine : Johann II the Younger (1509–1557)
      • Pfalz-Zweibrücken
        • Count Palatine : Ludwig II. (1514–1532)
    • Pomerania
      • Duke : Bogislaw X. the Great (1474 / 1478–1523)
    • Saxony ( Albertiner )
      • Duke : George the Bearded (1500–1539)
    • Saxony-Lauenburg ( Askanier )
      • Duke : Magnus I (1507–1543)
    • Württemberg
      • Duke : Ulrich (1498–1550)

• Italian states
  • Ferrara , Modena and Reggio
    • Duke : Alfonso I d'Este (1505–1534)
  • Genoa (1499–1528) under French rule
  • Papal States
    • Pope : Leo X (1513–1521)
  • Milan
    • Duke : Francis I of France (1515–1521) (1524–1525)
  • Mantua ( Gonzaga )
    • Margrave : Gianfrancesco II. Gonzaga (1484–1519)
  • Massa and Carrara
    • Margrave : Antonio Alberico II. Malaspina (1481–1519)
  • Montferrat
    • Margrave : Wilhelm XI. (1494-1518)
  • Naples (1503–1707 / 14 to Aragon or Spain )
    • King: Ferdinand II of Aragon (1503–1516)
    • King: Charles I of Spain (1516–1556)
      • Viceroy : Ramón de Cardona (1509–1522)
  • Saluzzo
    • Margrave : Michael Anton (1504–1528)
  • Savoy
    • Duke : Charles III. (1504–1553)
  • Sicily (1412–1713 to Aragon or Spain )
    • King: Ferdinand II of Aragon (1479–1516)
    • King: Charles I of Spain (1516–1556)
      • Viceroy : Hugo de Moncada (1509–1517)
  • Urbino
    • Duke : Francesco Maria I della Rovere (1508–1516) (1521–1539)
    • Duke: Lorenzo II de 'Medici (1516–1519)
  • Venice
    • Doge : Leonardo Loredan (1501-1521)

• Order of St. John in Rhodes
  • Grand Master : Fabrizio del Carretto (1513–1521)

• Livonia
  • Landmeister : Wolter von Plettenberg (1494–1535)

• Moldova
  • Prince : Bogdan III. cel Orb (1504-1517)

• Monaco
  • Seigneur : Lucien (1505–1523)

• Moscow
  • Grand Duke : Wassili III. (1505–1533)

• Montenegro
  • Prince : Đurađ II. Crnojević (1515–1516)

• Navarre
  • Queen : Catherine (1484–1517)
  • King: Johann III. d'Albret (1484–1516) ( iure uxoris )

• Norway (1397–1523 personal union with Denmark and Sweden Kalmar Union )
  • King : Christian II (1513–1523)

• Ottoman Empire
  • Sultan : Selim I (1512-1520)

• Poland
  • King : Sigismund I (1506–1548)

• Portugal
  • King : Manuel I (1495–1521)

• Scotland
  • King : Jacob V (1513–1542)

• Sweden (1397–1523 personal union with Denmark and Norway, Kalmar Union ; 1501–1520 rule of Swedish rulers)
  • Reichsverweser : Sten Sture the Younger (1512–1520)

• Spain (Association of Aragon and Castile)
  • Queen : Johanna (1516–1555) (1504–1516 Queen of Castile)
  • King: Karl I (1516–1556) (1519–1556 Roman-German Emperor, 1535–1554 Duke of Milan, 1519–1521 Archduke of Austria)
  • Aragon (united with Castile to form Spain)
    • King : Ferdinand II. (1479–1516) (1474–1504 King of Castile, 1506–1516 Regent of Castile, 1512–1516 King of Navarre, 1504–1516 King of Naples)
  • Castile (united with Aragón to form Spain)
    • Queen : Johanna (1504–1555)
    • Regent: Ferdinand II of Aragón (1506–1516) (1474–1504 King of Castile, 1479–1516 King of Aragón and Sicily, 1512–1516 King of Navarre, 1504–1516 King of Naples)
  • Navarre
    • Queen : Catherine (1483–1517)
    • King: Johann III. (1484–1516) (de iure uxoris)

• Hungary
  • King : Wladyslaw II. (1490–1516)
  • King: Ludwig II. (1516–1526)

• Wallachia
  • Prince : Neagoe Basarab (1512–1521)