Miami Open 2015 / Men

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Miami Open 2015
date 03/24/2015 - 04/04/2015
Edition 31
navigation 2014  ◄  2015  ►  2016
ATP World Tour
venue Miami United States
United StatesUnited States 
Tournament number 403
category Masters 1000
Tournament type Free place tournament
Game surface Hard court
draw 96E / 48Q / 32D
Prize money US $ 5,381,235 
Website Official website
Last year's winner (individual) SerbiaSerbia Novak Đoković
Last year's winner (double) United StatesUnited States Bob Bryan Mike Bryan
United StatesUnited States 
Winner (singles) SerbiaSerbia Novak Đoković
Winner (doubles) United StatesUnited States Bob Bryan Mike Bryan
United StatesUnited States 
Tournament director Adam Barrett
Tournament supervisor L. Graff / C. Sanches,
G. Armstrong / T. Barnes
Last direct assumption AustriaAustria Jürgen Melzer (87)
As of April 5, 2015

The Miami Open 2015 was a tennis tournament that took place from March 24th to April 4th, 2015 in Miami . It was part of the 2015 ATP World Tour and was played outdoors on hard courts. This season it was the second of nine tournaments in the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 category . At the same time, the 2015 Women's Miami Open took place in Miami .

In singles Novak Đoković was the defending champion , in doubles the pairing Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan .

The field of participants in the individual competition consisted of 96 players, that of the doubles competition consisted of 32 pairs. The 32 top seeded players in the singles each received a bye into the second round.

qualification

Qualification for the Miami Open 2015 took place on March 24th and 25th, 2015. Twelve qualifying places were played, which entitle them to participate in the main draw of the tournament.

The following players had passed the qualification and played in the main field of the tournament:

Qualifiers
SerbiaSerbia Filip Krajinović AustraliaAustralia James Duckworth
BelgiumBelgium Ruben Bemelmans Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina Damir Džumhur
FranceFrance Édouard Roger-Vasselin BelgiumBelgium Steve Darcis
SpainSpain Adrián Menéndez ColombiaColombia Alejandro Falla
NetherlandsNetherlands Robin Haase GermanyGermany Michael Berrer
United StatesUnited States Austin Krajicek GermanyGermany Alexander Zverev

Prize money and world ranking points

At the Miami Open 2015, the following prize money and world ranking points were paid out or credited for reaching the respective round. Players who entered the main field from qualification will receive the specified qualification points in addition to those for reaching the respective round. Otherwise the amounts are not to be understood as cumulative. The amounts for the double competition apply per player.

singles
round Points Prize money
victory 1000 $ 900,400
final 600 $ 439,200
Semifinals 360 $ 220,230
Quarter finals 180 $ 112,270
Round of 16 90 $ 59,185
Third round 45 $ 31,670
Second round 25th $ 17,100
First round 10 $ 10,485
Qualification individual
round Points Prize money
Qualifier 16
Qualifying round 8th $ 3,125
1 round 0 $ 1,600
Double
round Points Prize money
victory 1000 $ 295,000
final 600 $ 143,980
Semifinals 360 $ 72,170
Quarter finals 180 $ 36,770
Round of 16 90 $ 19,390
First round 0 $ 10,380

singles

Seeding list

No. player Round reached

01. SerbiaSerbia Novak Đoković victory
02. SpainSpain Rafael Nadal 3rd round
03. United KingdomUnited Kingdom Andy Murray final
04th JapanJapan Kei Nishikori Quarter finals

05. CanadaCanada Milos Raonic Round of 16

06th SpainSpain David Ferrer Quarter finals

07th SwitzerlandSwitzerland Stanislas Wawrinka 3rd round

08th. Czech RepublicCzech Republic Tomáš Berdych Semifinals

09. BulgariaBulgaria Grigor Dimitrov 3rd round

10. SpainSpain Feliciano López 2nd round

11. FranceFrance Jo-Wilfried Tsonga 3rd round

12. FranceFrance Gilles Simon Round of 16

13. SpainSpain Roberto Bautista Agut 2nd round

14th LatviaLatvia Ernests Gulbis 2nd round

15th South AfricaSouth Africa Kevin Anderson Round of 16

16. SpainSpain Tommy Robredo 2nd round
No. player Round reached
17th FranceFrance Gaël Monfils Round of 16

18th BelgiumBelgium David Goffin Round of 16

19th UruguayUruguay Pablo Cuevas 2nd round

20th CroatiaCroatia Ivo Karlović 2nd round

21st ItalyItaly Fabio Fognini 2nd round
22nd United StatesUnited States John Isner Semifinals
23. SpainSpain Guillermo García-López 3rd round
24. ArgentinaArgentina Leonardo Mayer 3rd round
25th AustraliaAustralia Bernard Tomic 3rd round
26th Czech RepublicCzech Republic Lukáš Rosol 3rd round
27. ColombiaColombia Santiago Giraldo 3rd round
28. FranceFrance Adrian Mannarino Round of 16
29 SpainSpain Fernando Verdasco Round of 16
30th LuxembourgLuxembourg Gilles Muller 2nd round
31. FranceFrance Jérémy Chardy 3rd round
32. SerbiaSerbia Viktor Troicki 3rd round

Explanation of symbols

  • r = retired
  • d = disqualification
  • where = walkover

Results

Quarter-finals, semi-finals, finals

  Quarter finals Semifinals final
                                       
  1  SerbiaSerbia Novak Đoković 7th 7th              
6th  SpainSpain David Ferrer 5 5    
1  SerbiaSerbia Novak Đoković 7th 6th  
  22nd  United StatesUnited States John Isner 6 3 2    
4th  JapanJapan Kei Nishikori 4th 3  
 
  22nd  United StatesUnited States John Isner 6th 6th    
  1  SerbiaSerbia Novak Đoković 7th 4th 6th
  3  United KingdomUnited Kingdom Andy Murray 6 3 6th 0
     AustriaAustria Dominic Thiem 6th 4th 1    
3  United KingdomUnited Kingdom Andy Murray 3 6th 6th  
3  United KingdomUnited Kingdom Andy Murray 6th 6th  
  8th  Czech RepublicCzech Republic Tomáš Berdych 4th 4th    
8th  Czech RepublicCzech Republic Tomáš Berdych 6th 6th  
 
     ArgentinaArgentina Juan Mónaco 3 4th    

Upper half

Upper half 1
First round   Second round   Third round   Round of 16
 
  1  SerbiaSerbia N. Đoković 6th 5 6th  
   ItalyItaly P. Lorenzi 3 4th          SlovakiaSlovakia M. Kližan 0 7th 1  
   SlovakiaSlovakia M. Kližan 6th 6th         1  SerbiaSerbia N. Đoković 6th 7th    
   TunisiaTunisia M. Jaziri 6th 5 5       Q  BelgiumBelgium S. Darcis 0 5    
Q  BelgiumBelgium S. Darcis 2 7th 7th     Q  BelgiumBelgium S. Darcis 6th 6 2 6th  
  30th  LuxembourgLuxembourg G. Muller 4th 7th 3  
      1  SerbiaSerbia N. Đoković 6 3 7th 6th
         UkraineUkraine O. Dolhopolov 7th 5 0
  19th  UruguayUruguay P. Cuevas 6th 2 5
   AustraliaAustralia L. Hewitt 5 7th 4th        BrazilBrazil T. Bellucci 2 6th 7th  
   BrazilBrazil T. Bellucci 7th 6 2 6th          BrazilBrazil T. Bellucci 5 4th  
   LithuaniaLithuania R. Berankis 4th 1            UkraineUkraine O. Dolhopolov 7th 6th    
   UkraineUkraine O. Dolhopolov 6th 6th          UkraineUkraine O. Dolhopolov 6 1 6th 7th
  16  SpainSpain T. Robredo 7th 3 5  
 
Upper half 2
First round   Second round   Third round   Round of 16
 
  12  FranceFrance G. Simon 6th 6 5 6th  
   KazakhstanKazakhstan M. Kukushkin 6th 3 6th        KazakhstanKazakhstan M. Kukushkin 3 7th 0  
   United StatesUnited States S. Johnson 4th 6th 2       12  FranceFrance G. Simon 6th 6th    
Q  GermanyGermany M. Berrer 7th 4th 4th       Q  ColombiaColombia A. Falla 3 4th    
Q  ColombiaColombia A. Falla 6 5 6th 6th     Q  ColombiaColombia A. Falla 6th 6th    
  20th  CroatiaCroatia I. Karlović 4th 2    
      12  FranceFrance G. Simon 6 5 0  
      6th  SpainSpain D. Ferrer 7th 6th  
  26th  Czech RepublicCzech Republic L. Rosol 7th 6th  
   AustraliaAustralia S. Groth 5 7th 4th     Q  GermanyGermany A. Zverev 6 0 3    
Q  GermanyGermany A. Zverev 7th 6 5 6th       26th  Czech RepublicCzech Republic L. Rosol 4th 5  
   Czech RepublicCzech Republic J. Veselý 6 4 6th 5       6th  SpainSpain D. Ferrer 6th 7th    
   ArgentinaArgentina F. Delbonis 7th 3 7th        ArgentinaArgentina F. Delbonis 1 1  
  6th  SpainSpain D. Ferrer 6th 6th    
 
Upper half 3
First round   Second round   Third round   Round of 16
 
  4th  JapanJapan K. Nishikori 6th 6th    
   KazakhstanKazakhstan A. Golubev 6th 2 3        RussiaRussia M. Juschny 2 1    
   RussiaRussia M. Juschny 4th 6th 6th       4th  JapanJapan K. Nishikori 6th 6th    
   Cyprus RepublicRepublic of Cyprus M. Baghdatis 2 2         32  SerbiaSerbia V. Troicki 2 2    
   ItalyItaly S. Bolelli 6th 6th          ItalyItaly S. Bolelli 5 6th 4th  
  32  SerbiaSerbia V. Troicki 7th 3 6th  
      4th  JapanJapan K. Nishikori 6th 6th  
      18th  BelgiumBelgium D. Goffin 1 2  
  18th  BelgiumBelgium D. Goffin 6th 6th  
   AustriaAustria A. Haider-Maurer 6th 3 6 3        CroatiaCroatia B. Ćorić 0 4th    
   CroatiaCroatia B. Ćorić 1 6th 7th       18th  BelgiumBelgium D. Goffin 6th 6th  
   PolandPoland J. Janowicz 6th 6th            PolandPoland J. Janowicz 4th 3    
Q  FranceFrance É. Roger Vasselin 4th 2          PolandPoland J. Janowicz 6th 1 6th
  13  SpainSpain R. Bautista Agut 4th 6th 4th  
 
Upper half 4
First round   Second round   Third round   Round of 16
 
  9  BulgariaBulgaria G. Dimitrov 6th 6th    
   CanadaCanada V. Pospisil 6th 7th          CanadaCanada V. Pospisil 2 2    
PR  ArgentinaArgentina JM del Potro 4th 6 7         9  BulgariaBulgaria G. Dimitrov 6 2 2    
WC  RussiaRussia A. Rublev 1 6th 6th       22nd  United StatesUnited States J. Isner 7th 6th    
   SpainSpain Father Carreño Busta 6th 1 4th     WC  RussiaRussia A. Rublev 3 4th    
  22nd  United StatesUnited States J. Isner 6th 6th    
      22nd  United StatesUnited States J. Isner 6 3 7th 7th
      5  CanadaCanada M. Raonic 7th 6 6 6 5
  31  FranceFrance J. Chardy 6th 6th  
WC  United StatesUnited States R. Harrison 6 3 3          AustriaAustria J. Melzer 4th 1    
   AustriaAustria J. Melzer 7th 6th         31  FranceFrance J. Chardy 1 7th 6 3
   SpainSpain P. Andújar 6th 6 4 3       5  CanadaCanada M. Raonic 6th 5 7th  
   RussiaRussia T. Gabashvili 0 7th 6th        RussiaRussia T. Gabashvili 1 4th  
  5  CanadaCanada M. Raonic 6th 6th    
 

Bottom half

Lower half 1
First round   Second round   Third round   Round of 16
 
  7th  SwitzerlandSwitzerland S. Wawrinka 6 9 7th 6th  
WC  AustraliaAustralia T. Kokkinakis 4th 6th 2        ArgentinaArgentina C. Berlocq 7th 5 2  
   ArgentinaArgentina C. Berlocq 6th 3 6th       7th  SwitzerlandSwitzerland S. Wawrinka 6 4 6 5    
   PortugalPortugal J. Sousa 2 2         28  FranceFrance A. Mannarino 7th 7th    
   SpainSpain A. Ramos 6th 6th          SpainSpain A. Ramos 4th 6th 2  
  28  FranceFrance A. Mannarino 6th 3 6th  
      28  FranceFrance A. Mannarino 6 5 6th 5
         AustriaAustria D. Thiem 7th 4th 7th
  21st  ItalyItaly F. Fognini 6 4 1  
   JapanJapan G. Soeda 3 4th          United StatesUnited States J. Sock 7th 6th    
   United StatesUnited States J. Sock 6th 6th            United StatesUnited States J. Sock 4th 3  
   AustriaAustria D. Thiem 7th 7th            AustriaAustria D. Thiem 6th 6th    
   ArgentinaArgentina D. Schwartzman 6 0 5          AustriaAustria D. Thiem 7th 4th 6th
  10  SpainSpain F. López 6 4 6th 3  
 
Lower half 2
First round   Second round   Third round   Round of 16
 
  15th  South AfricaSouth Africa K. Anderson 6 5 7th 6th  
   Dominican RepublicDominican Republic V. Estrella 4th 3          United StatesUnited States S. Querrey 7th 6 3 4th  
   United StatesUnited States S. Querrey 6th 6th         15th  South AfricaSouth Africa K. Anderson 6th 6th    
   FinlandFinland J. Nieminen 6th 6th         24  ArgentinaArgentina L. Mayer 4th 4th    
   AustraliaAustralia M. Matosevic 3 3          FinlandFinland J. Nieminen 4th 6 5    
  24  ArgentinaArgentina L. Mayer 6th 7th    
      15th  South AfricaSouth Africa K. Anderson 4th 6th 3
      3  United KingdomUnited Kingdom A. Murray 6th 3 6th
  27  ColombiaColombia S. Giraldo 6th 3 6th
WC  United KingdomUnited Kingdom K. Edmund 2 2       Q  NetherlandsNetherlands R. Haase 2 6th 0  
Q  NetherlandsNetherlands R. Haase 6th 6th         27  ColombiaColombia S. Giraldo 3 4th  
   United StatesUnited States D. Young 5           3  United KingdomUnited Kingdom A. Murray 6th 6th    
   Chinese TaipeiChinese Taipei Y.-h. Lu 1 r          United StatesUnited States D. Young 4th 2  
  3  United KingdomUnited Kingdom A. Murray 6th 6th    
 
Lower half 3
First round   Second round   Third round   Round of 16
 
  8th  Czech RepublicCzech Republic T. Berdych 6th 6th    
   SpainSpain M. Granollers 0 6th 4th     WC  Korea SouthSouth Korea H. Chung 3 4th    
WC  Korea SouthSouth Korea H. Chung 6th 4th 6th       8th  Czech RepublicCzech Republic T. Berdych 6 4 7th 6th  
   UzbekistanUzbekistan D. Istomin 4th 4th         25th  AustraliaAustralia B. Tomic 7th 6 3 1  
Q  United StatesUnited States A. Krajicek 6th 6th       Q  United StatesUnited States A. Krajicek 6 6 5    
  25th  AustraliaAustralia B. Tomic 7th 7th    
      8th  Czech RepublicCzech Republic T. Berdych 6th 3  
      17th  FranceFrance G. Monfils 3 2 r
  17th  FranceFrance G. Monfils 3 6th 7th
Q  SerbiaSerbia F. Krajinović 2 7th 4th     Q  SerbiaSerbia F. Krajinović 6th 2 6 4  
   SerbiaSerbia D. Lajović 6th 6 5 2r       17th  FranceFrance G. Monfils 6th 7th  
   United StatesUnited States T. Smyczek 4th 6th 6th       11  FranceFrance J.-W. Tsonga 4th 6 4    
Q  SpainSpain A. Menéndez 6th 3 4th        United StatesUnited States T. Smyczek 4th 6th 3
  11  FranceFrance J.-W. Tsonga 6th 3 6th  
 
Lower half 4
First round   Second round   Third round   Round of 16
 
  14th  LatviaLatvia E. Gulbis 2 4th    
Q  BelgiumBelgium R. Bemelmans 5 7th 4th        ArgentinaArgentina J. Mónaco 6th 6th    
   ArgentinaArgentina J. Mónaco 7th 6 4 6th          ArgentinaArgentina J. Mónaco 7th 6th    
   GermanyGermany J.-L. Struff 3 7th 6th       23  SpainSpain G. García-López 5 4th    
   GermanyGermany B. Becker 6th 6 10 4th        GermanyGermany J.-L. Struff 4th 4th    
  23  SpainSpain G. García-López 6th 6th    
         ArgentinaArgentina J. Mónaco 6th 6th  
      29  SpainSpain F. Verdasco 3 3  
  29  SpainSpain F. Verdasco 4th 6th 6th
Q  Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina D. Džumhur 3 6th 3     Q  AustraliaAustralia J. Duckworth 6th 2 1  
Q  AustraliaAustralia J. Duckworth 6th 3 6th       29  SpainSpain F. Verdasco 6th 2 6th
   UkraineUkraine S. Stachowskyj 3 7th 4th       2  SpainSpain R. Nadal 4th 6th 3  
PR  SpainSpain N. Almagro 6th 6 3 6th     PR  SpainSpain N. Almagro 4th 2  
  2  SpainSpain R. Nadal 6th 6th    
 

Double

Seeding list

No. pairing Round reached

01. United StatesUnited States Bob Bryan Mike Bryan
United StatesUnited States 
victory
02. CanadaCanada Vasek Pospisil Jack Sock
United StatesUnited States 
final
03. BrazilBrazil Marcelo Melo Bruno Soares
BrazilBrazil 
Semifinals
04th NetherlandsNetherlands Jean-Julien Rojer Horia Tecau
RomaniaRomania 
Quarter finals
No. pairing Round reached
05. SpainSpain Marcel Granollers Marc López
SpainSpain 
1 round

06th PolandPoland Marcin Matkowski Nenad Zimonjić
SerbiaSerbia 
1 round

07th FranceFrance Nicolas Mahut Édouard Roger-Vasselin
FranceFrance 
Round of 16

08th. IndiaIndia Rohan Bopanna Daniel Nestor
CanadaCanada 
1 round

Explanation of symbols

  • r = retired
  • d = disqualification
  • where = walkover

Results

First round   Round of 16   Quarter finals   Semifinals   final
1  United StatesUnited States B. Bryan M. Bryan
 United StatesUnited States 
6th 7th                          
   GermanyGermany B. Becker S. Lipsky
 United StatesUnited States 
2 6 3     1  United StatesUnited States B. Bryan M. Bryan
 United StatesUnited States 
6th 6th  
   SwedenSweden R. Lindstedt J. Melzer
 AustriaAustria 
6th 3 [10]      SwedenSweden R. Lindstedt J. Melzer
 AustriaAustria 
1 2    
PR  SerbiaSerbia N. Đoković J. Tipsarević
 SerbiaSerbia 
4th 6th [7]     1  United StatesUnited States B. Bryan M. Bryan
 United StatesUnited States 
6th 4th [10]
PR  SpainSpain N. Almagro G. García-López
 SpainSpain 
6th 6th        South AfricaSouth Africa K. Anderson J. Chardy
 FranceFrance 
4th 6th [6]  
   FranceFrance A. Mannarino G. Simon
 FranceFrance 
3 2     PR  SpainSpain N. Almagro G. García-López
 SpainSpain 
1 2    
   South AfricaSouth Africa K. Anderson J. Chardy
 FranceFrance 
6th 6th        South AfricaSouth Africa K. Anderson J. Chardy
 FranceFrance 
6th 6th    
6th  PolandPoland M. Matkowski N. Zimonjić
 SerbiaSerbia 
3 3       1  United StatesUnited States B. Bryan M. Bryan
 United StatesUnited States 
7th 7th  
4th  NetherlandsNetherlands J.-J. Rojer H. Tecau
 RomaniaRomania 
6th 6th        United StatesUnited States J. Isner S. Querrey
 United StatesUnited States 
6 5 5    
   United KingdomUnited Kingdom D. Inglot F. Mergea
 RomaniaRomania 
4th 2     4th  NetherlandsNetherlands J.-J. Rojer H. Tecau
 RomaniaRomania 
6 6 6th [10]  
   ColombiaColombia JS Cabal R. Farah
 ColombiaColombia 
7th 6th        ColombiaColombia JS Cabal R. Farah
 ColombiaColombia 
7th 3 [2]  
   SpainSpain F. López M. Mirny
 BelarusBelarus 
6 4 3       4th  NetherlandsNetherlands J.-J. Rojer H. Tecau
 RomaniaRomania 
3 4th  
   GermanyGermany A. Begemann E. Gulbis
 LatviaLatvia 
1 6th [10]      United StatesUnited States J. Isner S. Querrey
 United StatesUnited States 
6th 6th    
   UruguayUruguay P. Cuevas D. Marrero
 SpainSpain 
6th 4th [7]      GermanyGermany A. Begemann E. Gulbis
 LatviaLatvia 
2 6 4    
   United StatesUnited States J. Isner S. Querrey
 United StatesUnited States 
6th 7th        United StatesUnited States J. Isner S. Querrey
 United StatesUnited States 
6th 7th    
8th  IndiaIndia R. Bopanna D. Nestor
 CanadaCanada 
3 6 4       1  United StatesUnited States B. Bryan M. Bryan
 United StatesUnited States 
6th 1 [10]
7th  FranceFrance N. Mahut É. Roger Vasselin
 FranceFrance 
6th 0     2  CanadaCanada V. Pospisil J. Sock
 United StatesUnited States 
3 6th [8th]
   SpainSpain R. Bautista Agut V. Troicki
 SerbiaSerbia 
3 1 r   7th  FranceFrance N. Mahut É. Roger Vasselin
 FranceFrance 
5 6 4    
   United StatesUnited States E. Butorac S. Groth
 AustraliaAustralia 
6th 4th [4]   WC  United StatesUnited States R. Harrison R. Ram
 United StatesUnited States 
7th 7th    
WC  United StatesUnited States R. Harrison R. Ram
 United StatesUnited States 
1 6th [10]     WC  United StatesUnited States R. Harrison R. Ram
 United StatesUnited States 
4th 7th [8th]
   Czech RepublicCzech Republic L. Rosol D. Thiem
 AustriaAustria 
3 2     3  BrazilBrazil M. Melo B. Soares
 BrazilBrazil 
6th 5 [10]  
   United KingdomUnited Kingdom J. Murray J. Peers
 AustraliaAustralia 
6th 6th        United KingdomUnited Kingdom J. Murray J. Peers
 AustraliaAustralia 
5 6th [7]  
   ColombiaColombia S. Giraldo M. Kližan
 SlovakiaSlovakia 
5 3     3  BrazilBrazil M. Melo B. Soares
 BrazilBrazil 
7th 4th [10]  
3  BrazilBrazil M. Melo B. Soares
 BrazilBrazil 
7th 6th       3  BrazilBrazil M. Melo B. Soares
 BrazilBrazil 
4th 6th [7]
5  SpainSpain M. Granollers, M. López
 SpainSpain 
1 r     2  CanadaCanada V. Pospisil J. Sock
 United StatesUnited States 
6th 3 [10]  
WC  BrazilBrazil T. Bellucci J. Souza
 BrazilBrazil 
2       WC  BrazilBrazil T. Bellucci J. Souza
 BrazilBrazil 
3 3    
   CroatiaCroatia M. Draganja H. Kontinen
 FinlandFinland 
4th 6th [10]      CroatiaCroatia M. Draganja H. Kontinen
 FinlandFinland 
6th 6th    
   FranceFrance G. Monfils J.-W. Tsonga
 FranceFrance 
6th 3 [5]        CroatiaCroatia M. Draganja H. Kontinen
 FinlandFinland 
4th 7th [5]
   ItalyItaly S. Bolelli F. Fognini
 ItalyItaly 
6th 6th     2  CanadaCanada V. Pospisil J. Sock
 United StatesUnited States 
6th 6 4 [10]  
   South AfricaSouth Africa R. Klaasen L. Paes
 IndiaIndia 
4th 2        ItalyItaly S. Bolelli F. Fognini
 ItalyItaly 
2 3    
   ArgentinaArgentina L. Mayer G. Muller
 LuxembourgLuxembourg 
2 4th     2  CanadaCanada V. Pospisil J. Sock
 United StatesUnited States 
6th 6th    
2  CanadaCanada V. Pospisil J. Sock
 United StatesUnited States 
6th 6th      

Web links and sources