OutKast
OutKast is an American hip-hop - duo from Atlanta , consisting of Andre 3000 (formerly "Dre" bourgeois André Lauren Benjamin ) and Big Boi (born Antwan Andre Patton ). As part of the Dungeon Family, it was instrumental in the development of the Dirty South genre and its supraregional acceptance and is known for experimenting with a wide variety of musical styles. The texts by Big Boi and André 3000, which are characterized by southern slang, often refer to life in their hometown.
Despite its progressive and experimental approach, OutKast has always been commercially successful. The duo peaked in the early 2000s with the number one successes Ms. Jackson and Hey Ya! and the diamond- winning double album Speakerboxxx / The Love Below . With a total of over 22 million albums sold in the United States, André 3000 and Big Boi are among the top-selling musicians in their genre.
history
Beginnings and first successes (1990–1995)
Big Boi and Dre first met in 1990 at the Lenox Square shopping mall in Atlanta, after both had recently moved to East Point, a suburb of Atlanta. Until then, Big Boi was the oldest of five children and lived with his mother in Savannah . Dre came from Decatur , where he also lived alone with his mother, before moving to East Point to live with his father. Both lived in a motel for a while during their childhood . In addition to a penchant for extraordinary fashion, Dre and Big Boi shared a keen interest in hip-hop music - especially alternative hip-hop - and after a short time began rapping together and performing at local open mic sessions .
The duo became aware of the name “OutKast”, a phonetic modification of the word “outcast” in a dictionary - previously it was called “2 Shades Deep” and later “Misfits”. Through an ex-girlfriend Big Bois they met Rico Wade, a member of the music production trio Organized Noize , whom they were able to convince of their talent. Organized Noize was in contact with the record label LaFace Records , which commissioned the producers to remix the single What About Your Friends for the R&B group TLC . The remix, recorded in 1992, was OutKast's first appearance on a released record. LaFace was interested in a further collaboration with OutKast, but was not fully convinced either by the demo recordings sent in or by a subsequent appearance by the two rappers in a club. The music publisher PolyGram had also become aware of Big Boi and Dre, which led to renewed interest from LaFace Records. There they got a record deal at the age of 18.
OutKast spent 1993 mainly in the recording studio of Organized Noize, which was called "The Dungeon", where the hip-hop group Goodie Mob , founded around the same time, recorded. At the end of the year her first song, Player's Ball, appeared on the Christmas album A LaFace Family Christmas and shortly afterwards as a single. In January the piece was re-released without the sound of sleigh bells, after which it was ranked # 1 on Billboard Hot Rap Tracks in the United States for six weeks and received a gold record . A music video for the song was shot by then unknown producer Sean Combs , who also gave OutKast the opportunity to open a concert for The Notorious BIG as opening act . Player's Ball reached number 37 on the Billboard Hot 100 in late April . Author Chris Nickson attributes this success to the Freaknik Festival in Atlanta, similar to Spring Break , which was attended by students from the southern and northeastern states of the USA. According to Nickson, these helped attract Player's Ball nationwide attention.
Building on this success, the debut album Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik was released in June 1994 . It reached number 20 on the Billboard 200 and was awarded a platinum record in April 1995 . Musically, it was distinguished by southern soul and p-funk influences from G-funk, which was dominating hip-hop on the west coast at the time, and alternative and hardcore rap on the east coast ; Thematically, however, it was partly still similar to the gangsta rap of that time . With Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik , OutKast was the first rap duo from the southern states to win the award in the category Best New Group or Duo at the Source Awards in January 1995 , for which it was booed by the New York audience. With the help of royalties on the album and Player's Ball , OutKast built a second foothold by acquiring apartment complexes in Cartersville . In 2005, the two rappers temporarily left these to people who had been made homeless by Hurricane Katrina .
ATLiens and Aquemini (1996–1999)
Dre in particular began to change a lot during this time: he made his appearance more expressive by growing dreadlocks and wearing a turban , but no longer gold chains or other material objects of value, as is usually the case in hip-hop. He also stopped smoking and drinking alcohol. Together with Big Boi, he began producing songs himself for the first time . One of them was the single Elevators (Me & You) from the new album, which reached gold status after a short time and also made it to the chart in Germany. In August 1996 ATLiens appeared , surpassing the success of Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik with number 2 on the Billboard 200. The album had a very calm tenor and again had P-funk and increasingly soul influences. It was highly praised for its life-affirming content and original sound. The title is made up of "ATL" (short for Atlanta) and "Aliens" (English for "stranger" or "outsider" as well as for "extraterrestrial"). In addition to the songs themselves, the album's artwork and the videos of the singles Elevators (Me & You) , ATLiens and Jazzy Belle as a remix with Babyface underlined the reference to extraterrestrial symbolism indicated in the album title. This served to portray OutKast as individuals through to outsiders in the hip-hop scene, which at the time was very keen to conform .
“Being an alien is just being yourself, when people don't understand you. [...] We just trying to let everybody know there's a place for everybody in this world. You just gotta find yourself and be true to yourself. That's how you get prosperous and happy. "
“To be a stranger is simply to be yourself when people don't understand you. [...] We just try to show everyone that there is a place for everyone in this world. You just have to find yourself and be true to yourself. This is how you become successful and happy. "
OutKast's album Aquemini , released in September 1998, was musically far more eclectic than its predecessors and for the first time put the individual contrast between Big Boi ( Aquarius ) and Dre ( Gemini ) in the foreground. The duo experimented with a wide variety of styles and musical instruments such as the kalimba and harmonica . Nevertheless, it was able to repeat the commercial success of ATLiens and brought OutKast an additional fan base in the alternative genre. Aquemini was celebrated by the critics, and renowned music magazines such as The Source , Q or the Juice gave the album top marks. The avoidance of the usual clichés in hip-hop and the epic ambition of many songs were repeatedly pointed out. Aquemini later appeared in several leaderboards such as Rolling Stone 's "Essential Recordings of the 90's" and Spin's "90 Greatest Albums of the '90s" . For the first time , nationally known musicians could be heard on the album with George Clinton , Raekwon and Erykah Badu.
The single Rosa Parks had previously been released. At the 1999 Grammy Awards she was nominated for Best Rap Performance By a Duo or Group , but lost to a song by the Beastie Boys . The title referred to the civil rights activist Rosa Parks (1913-2005). Except for the line “Everybody move to the back of the bus” , which alluded to their contribution to the civil rights movement , the content of the song had nothing to do with Parks; next to the text contained in moderation obscenities . Parks viewed this as an abuse of their name and denigration of their historical significance and sued the duo, later raising doubts about their sanity. An out-of-court settlement was only reached in April 2005, after OutKast and LaFace Records took the case to the Supreme Court . They agreed to pay financial compensation and produce educational materials on Rosa Parks and the civil rights movement in Alabama .
As a result, the two appeared on several songs by other artists, such as Monica and Mystikal ; Big Boi could also be heard on the singles All n My Grill by Missy Elliott and Street Talkin ' by Slick Rick . In addition, OutKast founded its own music label called Aquemini Records, with which the rappers Slimm Calhoun, Backbone and Killer Mike were temporarily under contract.
Commercial high point (2000-2004)
At the end of the year, Big Boi and Dre began working on their fourth album. For the first time they recorded for it in their own studio, which they had bought from Bobby Brown and called Stankonia Studios. However, the drafts of many songs were created in separate work. Much of the work was produced by OutKast together with David “Mr. DJ “Sheats, who was responsible for three tracks on Aquemini . The three of them formed the production company Earthtone III. Dre changed his pseudonym to "André 3000" during this period .
Stankonia was released in the United States on Halloween 2000 and entered the US album charts after ATLiens and Aquemini as the third release in a row at number 2. As the first and so far the only one of their albums (as of September 20, 2009) it was also able to place in the top 10 of the German album charts . It had more electronic elements than their previous albums and was clearly influenced by the funk of musicians like Prince or George Clinton, which was also reflected in the title of the album. In addition to dedicated social criticism , the album also contains political statementsfor the first time. The reviews were again almost unanimously positive, for example the inclusion of Stankonia in thelist “50 essential albums of black music ”publishedin 2008 by the German music magazine Sounds . In orderto promote Stankonia , but also to be able to introduce the older songs to a new audience, OutKast went on an extensive tour across the United States. For the first time it was the headliner , supporting acts were the rappers Ludacris and Xzibit .
The first single from the album Stankonia , the track BOB , combined elements of various genres such as jungle , rock and gospel . The title, an abbreviation for Bombs over Baghdad , alludes to the bombing of Baghdad during Operation Desert Fox in 1998. Despite the pacifist attitude of Big Bois and Dres, the piece was often used as a patriotic mobilization of soldiers and the population during the Iraq war . BOB was highly praised by the critics: The US music magazine Blender placed the piece on the second rank their list "The 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born," Pitchfork Media leads BOB at No. 1 its rankings of the "Top 100 Singles of 2000 04 ”and the“ Top 500 Tracks of the 2000s ”. In commercial terms, this success was far surpassed by the subsequent single Ms. Jackson . Ms. Jackson was the first single of the duo to reach number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 , and the song was also in the top position in the German single charts for two weeks , marking OutKast's breakthrough outside of the United States. At the 2002 Grammy Awards , the duo performed with Ms. Jackson and received their first prize in the Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group category . At the event, Stankonia also received the award for the best rap album, and OutKast was nominated in three other categories. The following single So Fresh, So Clean was also successful.
At present, the development of Stankonia Big Boi and Andre 3000 started their own in addition to their musical activities clothing design . Garments from her fashion label OutKast Clothing Company were first to be found in the spring of 2001 in department stores such as Macy’s or Bloomingdale’s , and the following year the range was also expanded to include discounters ; the product range has grown steadily since then. In the meantime, however, the label is rated as a failure.
After the resounding success of Ms. Jackson , OutKast began to focus more on his role within the Dungeon Family. Together with Organized Noize, the duo produced the rather little noticed compilation Even in Darkness and could also be heard on some of the tracks themselves. Shortly before Christmas 2001, as OutKast's popularity grew, a best-of album called Big Boi and Dre Present… OutKast was released . It included three new tracks by the two of them, including The Whole World in collaboration with Killer Mike, for which OutKast again won a Grammy in 2003 for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group . While Big Boi initiated work on the next album, André 3000 was primarily active outside of hip-hop music. He expanded his creative ambitions to become an actor , which is why he moved to Los Angeles . In addition, influenced by an increasing interest in jazz , he began to take saxophone and clarinet lessons after composing songs with the guitar for a long time.
In March 2001 OutKast considered a double album as the next project, but this should contain two more or less separately produced albums. As a result, rumors of separation were regularly heard in the media, but these had arisen for the first time in 1996 after Andrés' image change. Since 2002, her solo appearances on albums by other artists have increased again: Big Boi recorded pieces with Jay-Z and Beyoncé , while André 3000 took over the production and a vocal part of two songs on the debut solo album Love. Fishing rod. Music. Infant. by Gwen Stefani , as well as on the millionaire single from Kelis ' album Tasty .
André 3000 designed a solo album as a soundtrack for a romance film in which he was supposed to star. This was named The Love Below after a song he wrote . Its production did not materialize due to problems with the financing. André continued to work on the project anyway. Big Boi's solo album was ready for publication in February 2003, but André was far behind with his part. It wasn't until September 2003 that they released their two solo albums as the double album Speakerboxxx / The Love Below . It was released under their band name because the label and manager did not trust the two rappers with enough commercial traction as solo artists. The Love Below was heavily influenced by Prince. Most of the pieces no longer had any relation to hip-hop, instead the focus was on funk, jazz and pop music . This was also evident from the fact that André sang instead of rapping most of the songs. A large part of the reviews related to his album: it was mostly praised for its creativity and its courage to experiment, but also to a lesser extent criticized for having strayed too far from the original sound of the group. In addition, Andrés singing voice was rated negatively in some cases. Speakerboxxx , however, received less attention. It was mostly seen as a typical OutKast album and a logical continuation of their previous development, but also praised for it. Big Boi did the tour that followed in early 2004 alone. André 3000 had been reluctant to appear in concerts for a long time; he now only appeared at special events such as the Grammy Awards 2004 or Top of the Pops .
“I would be onstage going through the motions while performing every night. I was totally distant from what I was doing. It was like I was watching myself. There was no passion in it at all. "
“As I moved on stage every night, I was totally distant from what I was doing. It was like watching myself. There was no passion at all. "
Speakerboxxx / The Love Below exceeded the success of Stankonia once again. It went straight to number 1 on the Billboard 200 and had sold three million copies in just one month. To date (as of September 20, 2009) it has sold 11 million times and thus achieved diamond status . This was mainly the solo pieces Hey Ya! and The Way You Move . Hey ya! , written by André 3000, was created in a demo version in 1999, but was not used on Stankonia . After receiving a huge amount of airplay , it topped the Billboard Hot 100 in December 2003. From that, it was ousted after nine weeks by Big Boi's song The Way You Move , which had previously spent eight weeks at number 2 and was 39 in total Stopped on the Billboard charts for weeks. The single Roses , which was released in May 2004 and featured OutKast as a duo, was also successful. OutKast was nominated six times at the Grammy Awards 2004, André 3000 also appeared at the end of the award ceremony with Hey Ya! on. The choreography, which includes an Indian scenery and the use of the Indian chanting piece Beauty Way , was sharply criticized by representatives of the Native Americans, as the stereotypical representation of the Indian way of life was racist. The broadcaster CBS then had to issue a public apology. In addition to an award for Hey Ya! OutKast received two awards for Speakerboxxx / The Love Below , one of them in the Album of the Year category , which no hip-hop album had achieved before. OutKast was also successful in several other awards in 2004.
Idlewild and newer projects (since 2005)
In May 2004, Big Boi and André began working together on a film for the US television station HBO . The following year it was decided to show it in the cinema. The film, with the working title My Life in Idlewild , had been in planning since Aquemini was released and would be directed by Bryan Barber , who also directed most of the OutKast music videos. At the same time, the duo was working on a soundtrack that should complement the film musically, but at the same time stand as a separate work. As the work on the album was delayed and a favorable marketing time was sought for the release, the film Idlewild and the soundtrack of the same name did not appear until August 2006. In Germany, after a few uncertainties, the film came out in few places on November 23, 2006 for a very short time Cinemas. Idlewild played during the Great Depression and contained many elements of a musical . The reception was largely negative; the predictable plot and the video-clip-like aesthetics were often criticized, while the music was praised. The album Idlewild , inspired by the film, contained many musical influences from the thirties, including swing , jazz and blues . André and Big Boi could only be heard together on three songs. Commercially it was, despite a chart entry in the USA at number 2, less successful than the previous OutKast projects, which also disappointed the singles' sales figures; the reviews, on the other hand, were more of a positive opinion. The singles Mighty "O" and Idlewild Blue (Don'tchu Worry 'Bout Me) were nominated for a Grammy in 2007.
In 2005, OutKast founded the record label Purple Ribbon Records under Big Boi's direction as the successor to Aquemini Records. The artists under contract there currently (as of October 8, 2009) include Sleepy Brown and Janelle Monáe , initially also Bubba Sparxxx and Killer Mike. In the same year Big Boi released the compilation Got Purp? Vol. 2 . He had gained a foothold as an actor at the time and got roles in the films Be Cool , Four Brothers and Revolver . He also developed the comedy - animated series Class of 3000 , which was shown in the US between 2006 and 2008. Big Boi starred in 2006 alongside TI in ATL . In 2007 OutKast was guest rapper on the DJ drama piece The Art of Storytellin 'Part 4 and on Int'l Players Anthem (I Choose You) from the UGK album Underground Kingz . The latter song was nominated for a Grammy the following year. In addition, the two rappers worked individually on several pieces by different musicians. In the same year, the business magazine Forbes published a list of high-earning hip-hop musicians. With an estimated profit of $ 14 million in 2006, OutKast was ranked 13th.
Big Boi's first solo album Sir Luscious Left Foot (The Son of Chico Dusty) was originally due to be released in 2008, but was not released until 2010 due to the lack of success of the singles and problems with the record label at the time. In 2012 his second work, Vicious Lies and Dangerous Rumors, was published . During this time, André 3000 continued to make musical guest contributions - for example on Drake's Take Care , Frank Ocean's Channel Orange and the soundtrack for The Great Gatsby - and occasionally as an actor. In the movie Jimi: All Is by My Side he played Jimi Hendrix .
The duo celebrated the twentieth anniversary of their debut album Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik with a worldwide festival tour, which lasted from April to October 2014. The two rappers appeared together for the first time in ten years. After a mixed reception of their first appearance at the Coachella Festival , the following concerts were increasingly well received.
style
OutKast's music is made up of a wide variety of styles. With their debut album Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik , the duo consciously broke away from the dominant sound of the east and west coast of the USA and, together with their producer team, Organized Noize, developed a style that is clearly distinct from this in musical terms. This often has elements from the 1970s and 80s , but is primarily based on its own, newly developed sounds. Melodies are always in the foreground, the music is strongly characterized by hooklines . Sometimes the duo uses samples , even if they are mostly very subtle and very alienated; Much of the music is played live, however, which is rather untypical in the hip-hop genre. The beats, on the other hand, are mostly of synthetic origin. Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik and ATLiens in particular were characterized by a mixture of soul music - initially mainly Southern Soul - and funk , which later took on ever stronger P-funk contours and, especially on Stankonia, had a decisive influence on the sound. Since Aquemini , Big Boi and André 3000 have been experimenting with a wider range of musical styles. These include dub , ( psychedelic ) rock , R&B , blues , gospel and electro . On The Love Below and Idlewild next are jazz - and swing pieces to listen while especially Big Bois newer songs often the Dirty South are attributable.
This stylistic development of OutKast is shaped by the very different personalities of André 3000 and Big Boi. While Big Boi has been connected to hip-hop since his youth and is continuously promoting its further development, André always tried to emancipate himself from the restrictions of the genre and even turned away from him completely when working on his solo project The Love Below : “Hip- hop is dead. The stuff I do comes out of the boredom of hip-hop being like it is. "(" Hip-hop is dead. The stuff I do comes from the boredom of hip-hop as it is now. ")
The musical diversity of OutKast's works is due, among other things, to the duo's different influences: These include George Clinton and Parliament / Funkadelic , Prince , Sly & the Family Stone , Bob Marley , Led Zeppelin , Eric B. & Rakim and Curtis Mayfield . Big Boi also counts Sade and Kate Bush among his favorite artists, André 3000 listens to Jimi Hendrix , John Coltrane and indie and garage rock musicians such as The Smiths and The White Stripes .
Her texts, on the other hand, are strongly influenced by their immediate environment and interspersed with the slang of the Deep South , which also includes vulgar expressions . Certain places in their hometown are often mentioned as well as regional everyday life and special features such as eating chicken wings and driving Cadillacs . In addition, socially critical and political issues are also repeatedly addressed.
The lyrics are presented as rap by Big Boi and André 3000 ; However, vocal passages can also be heard regularly , mostly by Sleepy Brown , but since Stankonia also repeatedly by André himself. Her first four albums also contained contributions by the spoken word artist Big Rube. The rape of OutKast are often very quickly and change - especially when Big Boi - often between the normal rhythms and staccato -like Double Time -Passagen. These skills are favored by the technically experienced breathing technique of the duo. The rhyme schemes are usually kept complex and often include multiple rhymes that can extend over several verses. (Example: “I'm willin 'to go the extra kilo- / meter just to see my senorita get her pillow” )
meaning
OutKast has contributed to significant developments in the hip-hop scene and far beyond. As part of the Dungeon Family, the duo was able to establish Georgia and primarily its capital Atlanta as the cultural center of southern hip-hop. This was previously spread over very heterogeneous areas with just as different music styles as Texas ( Geto Boys , UGK ), Memphis ( 8Ball & MJG ), Miami ( 2 Live Crew ) and New Orleans ( No Limit Records , Cash Money Records ). The chart portal musicline.de attests that the duo, together with Goodie Mob, introduced the culture-critical hip-hop in the south of the USA.
Because his music was commercially available due to its melodiousness, OutKast was able to penetrate the international mainstream since 2000 at the latest and tap hip-hop to a larger audience outside the scene. His magnum opus Speakerboxxx / The Love Below is one of the best-selling albums of the 2000s and the most commercially successful hip-hop album of all time. In German-speaking countries, OutKast is one of the most successful US hip-hop groups of the 2000s, along with Cypress Hill , the Wu-Tang Clan and D12 .
Throughout his career, OutKast has consistently received good reviews for his work and recognition for his accomplishments. In the course of the publication of Speakerboxxx / The Love Below in 2003 OutKast was referred to in the media as the " Beatles of Hip-Hop". In 2007, MTV placed the duo in fourth place on a list of the ten most important hip-hop groups of all time, ahead of the Wu-Tang Clan, calling them "possibly the most uncompromising and unpredictable group in hip-hop history". With the exception of Idlewild , all of OutKast's albums have been dubbed "indisputable classics ." The German hip-hop magazine Juice included the duo in its Kings Of HipHop section in 2010 . With the exception of Idlewild, all albums were once again rated extremely positively. His works are also featured on several other leaderboards. Music fans like Eric Clapton , The Roots , David Banner , Q-Tip , Dave Matthews and Pink came out . Kanye West and the Cunninlynguists cite OutKast as an inspiration for their own music. According to Justin Timberlake his entire generation was influenced by groups like OutKast.
Discography
Studio albums
| year | title |
Top ranking, total weeks, awardChart placementsChart placements (Year, title, rankings, weeks, awards, notes) |
Remarks | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 DE
|
 AT
|
 CH
|
 UK
|
 US
|
|||
| 1994 | Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik | - | - | - | - |
US20th  (26 weeks)US |
First published: April 26, 1994
Sales: + 1,000,000 |
| 1996 | ATLiens |
DE82 (2 weeks) DE |
- | - | - |
US2 × 2
(33 weeks)US |
First published: Aug 27, 1996
Sales: +2,000,000 |
| 1998 | Aquemini |
DE66 (10 weeks) DE |
- | - | - |
US2 × 2
(43 weeks)US |
First published: September 29, 1998
Sales: +2,000,000 |
| 2000 | Stankonia |
DE6 (16 weeks) DE |
AT16 (14 weeks) AT |
CH14 (13 weeks) CH |
UK10  (31 weeks)UK |
US2 × 4
(46 weeks)US |
First published: October 23, 2000
Sales: + 4,100,000 |
| 2003 | Speakerboxxx / The Love Below |
DE21st (44 weeks)DE |
AT28 (20 weeks) AT |
CH11 (39 weeks)CH |
UK8th × 2
(63 weeks)UK |
US1  (56 weeks)US |
First published: September 23, 2003
US sales: + 5,700,000 |
| 2006 | Idlewild |
DE33 (4 weeks) DE |
AT56 (3 weeks) AT |
CH4 (6 weeks) CH |
UK16 (4 weeks) UK |
US2 (11 weeks)US |
First published: August 22, 2006
Sales: + 1,000,000 |
Filmography
- 2006: Idlewild
Awards
Grammy Awards
- 2002 : Best Rap Album for Stankonia , Best Rap Performance By a Duo or Group for Ms. Jackson
- 2003 : Best Rap Performance By a Duo or Group for The Whole World
- 2004 : Album of the Year for Speakerboxxx / The Love Below , Best Rap Album for Speakerboxxx / The Love Below , Best Urban / Alternative Performance for Hey Ya!
Others (selection)
- Source Award : 1995
- MTV Video Music Award : 2001, 2004 (2 ×)
- GQ Men of the Year Award : 2002
- BET Award : 2002, 2004 (2 ×)
- World Music Award : 2002, 2004 (3 ×)
- American Music Award : 2003, 2004 (3 ×)
- Billboard Music Award : 2004 (2 ×)
- MTV Europe Music Award : 2004 (3 ×)
literature
- Chris Nickson: Hey Ya! The Unauthorized Biography of OutKast. St. Martin's Griffin, New York 2004, ISBN 0-312-33735-3 .
Web links
- Official international homepage (English)
- OutKast on MusicBrainz (English)
- OutKast at laut.de
- OutKast at Discogs (English)
- Further links about OutKast in the Open Music Project - MusicMoz (English)
References and comments
- ↑ Chris Nickson: Hey Ya! The Unauthorized Biography of OutKast. St. Martin's Griffin, New York 2004, ISBN 0-312-33735-3 , p. 34f.
- ↑ a b exclaim.ca: OutKast biography ( memento of the original from July 30, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , September 2006 (accessed September 20, 2009)
- ↑ youngarmy.de: Outkast against Katrina! ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , September 19, 2005 (accessed September 20, 2009)
- ↑ Rolling Stone : Review of ATLiens , October 31, 1996 (accessed September 20, 2009)
- ↑ All Music Guide : Review of ATLiens (accessed September 20, 2009)
- ^ Nickson, p. 56
- ↑ Juice , edition 9/2007, page 88
- ↑ a b tower.com: Collected reviews of Aquemini ( Memento of the original from July 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on September 20, 2009)
- ↑ fan-lexikon.de: Outkast: The applicant suffers from madness , January 14, 2005 (accessed September 20, 2009)
- ↑ laut.de : Outkast: "Rosa Parks" complaint enclosed , April 15, 2005 (accessed October 12, 2009)
- ↑ "Stank" is a synonym for the word "funk", see for example this definition on Thesaurus.com (accessed on September 20, 2009)
- ↑ In addition to the music, the cover of Stankonia , on which the duo is standing in front of a flag with black instead of red stripes, has a socially and politically critical component: “ The black and white represents the deadness of America. “- Statement from André 3000 in this interview ( Memento of the original from May 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on outkast-web.de (accessed on September 20, 2009)
- ↑ Metacritic : Collected Reviews of Stankonia (accessed September 20, 2009)
- ^ Sounds , issue 1/2008, page 102
- ↑ indianexpress.com: Masters of War , April 16, 2003 (accessed September 20, 2009)
- ↑ Blender.com: The 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born ( Memento of the original from July 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , April 1, 2009 (accessed September 20, 2009)
- ↑ Pitchfork Media : The Top 100 Singles of 2000-04 , January 31, 2005 (accessed September 20, 2009)
- ↑ Pitchfork Media: The Top 500 Tracks of the 2000s , August 21, 2009 (accessed September 20, 2009)
- ^ Nickson, pp. 89f.
- ↑ complex.com: Remembering 10 Failed Rapper Clothing Lines , March 5, 2009 (accessed October 13, 2009)
- ↑ Christoph Koch: Stunk in Stankonia (accessed on September 20, 2009). In: Intro . Edition 8/2003.
- ↑ a b RapReviews.com: Review of Speakerboxxx / The Love Below , September 23, 2003 (accessed September 20, 2009)
- ^ Nickson, 118
- ↑ Speakerboxxx / The Love Below benefits from a provision that doubles the sales figures for double albums, which means that the album has "only" sold 5.5 million times.
- ↑ MovieMaze.de: Information about the film Idlewild (accessed on September 20, 2009)
- ↑ Metacritic: Collected Reviews of the Film Idlewild (accessed September 20, 2009)
- ↑ Metacritic: Collected Reviews from the album Idlewild (accessed September 20, 2009)
- ↑ Forbes.com : Hip-Hop Cash Kings , August 16, 2007 (accessed October 17, 2009)
- ↑ MTV.com : Outkast To Deliver Two Solo Albums And Another Group Effort in 2009 , November 11, 2008 (accessed September 20, 2009)
- ↑ Mariel Concepcion: Big Boi Premieres Tracks From Solo Def Jam Debut. In: Billboard.com. April 6, 2010, accessed April 23, 2010 .
- ^ Reggie Ugwu: Outkast's Atlanta Show Will Pretty Much Be The Best Thing Ever. In: BuzzFeed . June 13, 2014, accessed April 10, 2015 .
- ↑ contactmusic: OutKast - Is It the End for OutKast? , September 24, 2003 (accessed September 20, 2009)
- ↑ André 3000 in Jazzy Belle from 1996, see azlyrics.com: Lyrics by Jazzy Belle (accessed on September 20, 2009)
- ↑ musicline.de: Genre dictionary: Dirty South ( Memento of the original from December 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on September 20, 2009)
- ↑ RIAA : List of albums awarded with diamond records (accessed September 20)
- ↑ baltimoresun.com : Always OutKast ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , July 9, 2009 (accessed September 20, 2009)
- ↑ avclub.com: Big Boi promises new Outkast album. Nation holds breath , June 25, 2009 (accessed September 20, 2009)
- ↑ a b MTV.com: OutKast in the list The Greatest Hip-Hop Groups of All Time (accessed September 27, 2009)
- ^ Juice , edition 5/2010, pages 64–71
- ↑ About.com: 100 Greatest Hip-Hop Albums : 61 , 57 , 48 , 15 (accessed October 2, 2009)
- ↑ About.com: 90 Best Rap Albums of the 90s : 1994 , 1996 , 1998 (accessed October 2, 2009)
- ↑ MTV.com: The Greatest Hip-Hop Albums Of All Time : Lists of Various Critics (accessed October 3, 2009)
- ↑ laut.de: OutKast biography (accessed on September 20, 2009)
- ↑ OutKast is mentioned in the list of major hip-hop artists in the 2002 piece Waok (Ay) Rollcall .
- ↑ MTV.com: The Year Hip-Hop Was Re-Born: A Look Back At 1994 , April 1, 2008 (accessed September 20, 2009)
- ↑ a b Nickson, page 191
- ↑ a b Shaheem Reid: Kanye, Run-DMC, Outkast, Justin Sound Off On Our Top 10 Hip-Hop Groups. March 6, 2007, accessed May 8, 2010 .
- ↑ sixshot.com: Interview with the Cunninlynguists , January 1, 2008 (accessed September 20, 2009)
- ↑ Chart sources: DE AT CH UK US
- ↑ US sales Speakerboxxx / The Love Below
