Poligny (Jura)
| Poligny | ||
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| region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté | |
| Department | law | |
| Arrondissement | Dole | |
| Canton | Poligny (main town) | |
| Community association | Arbois, Poligny, Salins, Cœur du Jura | |
| Coordinates | 46 ° 50 ′ N , 5 ° 42 ′ E | |
| height | 252-626 m | |
| surface | 50.22 km 2 | |
| Residents | 4,047 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 81 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 39800 | |
| INSEE code | 39434 | |
| Website | www.ville-poligny.fr | |
Poligny is a commune in the French department of Jura in the region Bourgogne Franche-Comté and capital of the Canton of Poligny in the Arrondissement Dole .
The small town at the foot of the Jura with a late medieval town center is a center of viticulture and milk processing.
geography
Poligny is located at 327 m , about 21 kilometers north-northeast of the city of Lons-le-Saunier (as the crow flies). The small town extends on the western edge of the Jura , on the edge of the plain of Dole , at the lower entrance into the Vaux basin (Culée de Vaux), which is cut into the western part of the Lédonia plateau (first Jura plateau). Poligny is dominated by two prominent rocky outcrops on the edge of the plateau, the Croix du Dan (with iron cross) in the south and the Roche du Pénitent in the east.
The area of the 50.22 km² large municipality covers a section on the western edge of the French Jura. The area is divided into two parts, which are only connected by a narrow strip and which are also very different in nature. The western part of the municipality with the town of Poligny lies in the plain of Dole. It is drained from the Orain and its side stream Grantine through a wide valley low to the west to the Doubs . To the west is the forest area of the Forêt de Vaivre . In the Poligny area, the communal soil extends over the mostly relatively gently sloping vineyards to the upper edge of the wooded steep slope, which is characterized by limestone cliffs in various places. The lower section of the Culée de Vaux also belongs to Poligny.
The community area is connected to the larger eastern part by a narrow strip via the Bois de Buvilly (up to 615 m ). This section is taken up by the plateau of the Plateau Lédonia, which averages 580 m . With the Forêt de Poligny it comprises a large contiguous forest area. At 626 m , the highest point in Poligny is reached here. The plateau has no above-ground watercourses because the rainwater seeps into the karstified subsoil.
The district of Mouthier-le-Vieillard ( 315 m ) south-west of the town at the foot of the Jura plateau and some individual farms belong to Poligny . Neighboring municipalities of Poligny are Tourmont , Grozon , Buvilly , Pupillin and Arbois in the north, Molain and Besain in the east, Picarreau , Le Fied , Barretaine , Chaussenans , Chamole , Vaux-sur-Poligny and Miéry in the south and Saint-Lothain in the west.
history
The area around Poligny was settled very early. It belonged to the Celtic tribe of the Sequans . From this time, however, only a few scattered finds are known, mainly bronze objects. An important testimony to the Gallo-Roman period was discovered in the 18th century with the mosaics by Les Chambrettes du Roi. The mosaics belonged to a Roman estate near Poligny. Traces of a Roman traffic route have also been found.
Poligny was first mentioned in a document in 870 under the name Polemniacum , when the inheritance of Lothar II was divided between Charles the Bald and Ludwig the German . The town then went to Ludwig the German. The place name goes back to the Gallo-Roman personal name Polemnius and means something like Polemnius's estate .
From the early 11th century Poligny belonged to the territory of the Free County of Burgundy under Otto Wilhelm , Count of Burgundy, and his successors. The place came to France for the first time in 1295 via the House of Chalon. Poligny received city rights in the 13th century. At the beginning of the 14th century the city went back to the Counts of Burgundy. Under Louis XI. In 1481 the city and the Château de Grimont located above were fortified. Poligny was fiercely contested between France and Franche-Comté in 1637 and 1638. In June 1638, Duke Charles of Lorraine, who commanded the Spanish troops, defeated the French army under Duke Longueville here. Grimont Castle was demolished in 1643. Together with Franche-Comté , Poligny finally came to France with the Peace of Nijmegen in 1678.
religion
In Poligny there is a Catholic parish that belongs to the parish of La Croix du Dan in the Poligny deanery of the diocese of Saint-Claude .
Attractions
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To this day, Poligny has retained its character as a late medieval town with old town houses and various churches, chapels and former monastery buildings. The construction of the Gothic collegiate church Saint-Hippolyte began in 1415. It has a richly carved portal and remarkable furnishings with numerous statues from the 15th and 16th centuries and important goldsmith work. The former Jacobin monastery was founded in 1271. It now houses a school, and the 13th century Gothic Jacobin church with a Renaissance portal belongs to the Coopérative Viticole de Poligny, while the cloister was demolished in the 1950s. The Ursuline Monastery, founded at the beginning of the 17th century, was closed in the course of the French Revolution and the church was also demolished at the beginning of the 19th century. The cloister and the convent building, which today serve partly as studios and partly as residential buildings, have been preserved. In 1415 the Poor Clare Monastery was also founded. The chapel, which was destroyed in 1793, was rebuilt in 1938 and features various works from the old monastery church (including a Byzantine-style statue of Christ). Two other chapels date from the 16th and 18th centuries, respectively. The church of Mouthier-le-Vieillard stands outside the former city walls. It was built in the 11th century in the Romanesque style on the site of a presumably early Christian chapel and has a bell tower from the 12th century. The church is richly decorated, including numerous important statues from the time it was built, a painted wooden statue of Christ (14th century) and an alabaster altarpiece (1534).
The old town center shows numerous town houses from the 16th to 19th centuries, some of which on the Grande-Rue have Renaissance portals. The squares are adorned by late medieval fountains (Fontaine aux Morts, Fontaine aux Poissons, Fontaine de la Place des Déportés). Evidence of the medieval city fortifications include the Tour de la Sergenterie (built in 1457), the Tour de Paradis and various remains of walls from the 15th century. The ruins of the medieval Grimont Castle (12th century) have also been preserved. The Hôtel de Ville (town hall) dates from the 17th century and was remodeled in the 19th century. The large, partly palace-like buildings from the 18th century with inner courtyards and outside stairs include the Hôtel de Lisa, Hôtel de Beaufremont and Hôtel d'Astorg. The wood paneled hospital, founded in the 17th century, displays a faience collection from the old pharmacy.
Poligny has two museums: the Musée Municipal shows a natural history collection and archaeological finds from the surrounding area, while the Musée du Comté brings visitors closer to cheese making.
population
| Population development | |
|---|---|
| year | Residents |
| 1800 | 5388 |
| 1836 | 6492 |
| 1866 | 5392 |
| 1896 | 4321 |
| 1926 | 3687 |
| 1946 | 4056 |
| 1962 | 3869 |
| 1968 | 4070 |
| 1975 | 4312 |
| 1982 | 4655 |
| 1990 | 4714 |
| 1999 | 4511 |
| 2004 | 4377 |
| 2016 | 4079 |
With 4047 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017), Poligny is one of the medium-sized communities in the Jura department. Poligny has been an important trading town at the foot of the Jura since ancient times and had around 5000 inhabitants. The previous high was reached in the middle of the 1830s with around 6500 inhabitants. After that, Poligny's importance declined because it benefited little from industrialization and industry was concentrated in Lons-le-Saunier and Dole. This is reflected in a slow but continuous population decline in the second half of the 19th century, which intensified during the First World War . Until the end of the 1960s, the population fluctuated between 3500 and 4000 people. This was followed by steady growth. However, the population has decreased again since 1990.
economy
Poligny has always been a town characterized by trade, viticulture and the processing of agricultural products from the area. Trade and processing of agricultural products still play an important role today. Poligny is located in the Côtes du Jura wine region and has numerous wine shops. Larger vineyards are located on the sun-exposed slopes at the foot of the Jura plateau north and northeast of the city. An important branch of the economy is the dairy industry, especially the production of Comté . There are five cheese stores in Poligny; the city is the location of the École Nationale d'Industrie Laitière et des Biotechnologies (Enilbio). Numerous other small and medium-sized businesses combine mechanical workshops, machine tool construction, the transport industry, eyewear production and various trading companies and retailers. Larger commercial and industrial zones are located in the wide valley west of the city and near the train station.
traffic
The city has good transport links. It forms a traffic junction on the main road N5, which leads from Geneva via Champagnole to Dole . An important road connection with the N83 runs from Besançon along the foot of the Jura to Lons-le-Saunier. The closest connection to the A39 motorway is around ten kilometers away. Poligny has a train station on the railway line that runs from Lons-le-Saunier via Mouchard to Besançon.
Town twinning
- Klatovy , Czech Republic, since 1992
- Schopfheim , Germany, since June 24, 1967
