Champagnole
| Champagnole | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté | |
| Department | law | |
| Arrondissement | Lons-le-Saunier | |
| Canton | Champagnole (main town) | |
| Community association | Champagnole Nozeroy Jura | |
| Coordinates | 46 ° 45 ' N , 5 ° 54' E | |
| height | 476-783 m | |
| surface | 20.18 km 2 | |
| Residents | 7,958 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 394 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 39300 | |
| INSEE code | 39097 | |
| Website | www.champagnole.fr | |
 Panoramic view |
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Champagnole is a municipality and industrial town in the French department of Jura in the region Bourgogne Franche-Comté . It is the capital of the canton of Champagnole in the arrondissement of Lons-le-Saunier .
geography
Champagnole lies at 538 m above sea level. M., about 28 km east-northeast of the city of Lons-le-Saunier and 60 km south of Besançon (as the crow flies). The city extends in the Jura in a plain, through which the Ain flows, at the southern foot of Mont Rivel and north of the high plateau of Champagnole.
The area of the 20.18 km² municipal area covers a section of the French Jura. The central part of the area is occupied by the Champagnole plain, which on average is 540 m above sea level. M. lies. The winding course of the Ain with a 20 to 40 m deep and a maximum of 500 m wide valley is sunk into this plain. The Loudaine flows from the right at Champagnole . With the exception of a small area near the center of the village, the southern border always runs along the Ain. To the west, the municipality extends with a narrow strip across the plain to the Bois de la Masselette (570 m above sea level), with the northern border being formed by another right tributary of the Ain, the Angillon .
In the north, the community area extends to the free-standing mountain Mont Rivel , on which 783 m above sea level. M. the highest point of Champagnole is reached. To the east and south-east the area extends into the extensive Bois de Sapois forest (up to 730 m above sea level) and along the Ain to the mouth of the Saine at the Syam industrial works. The municipality is located northwest of the Upper Jura Regional Nature Park , with which it is associated as an official access point.
Neighboring municipalities of Champagnole are Montrond , Ardon , Vannoz and Équevillon in the north, Sapois and Bourg-de-Sirod in the east, Syam , Cize and Ney in the south and Monnet-la-Ville , Pont-du-Navoy and Crotenay in the west.
history
On the basis of various finds on the En Curtil corridor, it was possible to prove that the municipality of Champagnole was already settled during Roman times. The place was first mentioned in the 10th century under the name Campagnola . The place name is derived from the Latin word campaniola , the diminutive form of campania (flat land, plain).
Since the Middle Ages, Champagnole has belonged to the dominion of Montrivel, which was under the sovereignty of the Lords of Chalon-Arlay. In 1320 it was granted city rights by the ruling family. At that time it was the location of an infirmary and a hospital. In the late Middle Ages, Champagnole was destroyed several times by wars or fires. In 1479 the small town in Franche-Comté was occupied by the troops of King Louis XI. sacked, ravaged by a major fire in 1580, affected by the plague epidemics from 1633 to 1636 and destroyed in 1637 by the troops of Henri II. d'Orleans , Duke of Longueville . Together with Franche-Comté , Champagnole came to France with the Peace of Nijmegen in 1678. The town was largely destroyed by a major fire in 1798. The reconstruction in the following years was carried out according to a strictly geometric principle with straight and mostly right-angled streets. Since the beginning of the 19th century, Champagnole developed into an industrial location.
Attractions
The parish church of Saint-Cyr-et-Sainte-Julitte was built in 1750 and has a bell tower with an onion dome. The church is notable for its rich furnishings , including a baroque altar from the early 17th century (acquired from the Ursuline convent in Poligny) and an organ by Marin Carouge (from 1721) from the Jacobin church in Poligny . The most important secular buildings include the Hôtel de Ville (town hall), which was built in 1830 in the neoclassical style and has a remarkable staircase and beautiful halls, as well as the Château d'Eau, which was built as a watchtower and water reservoir after the fire of 1798 and later served the population as a clock tower. The Pont de l'Epée (built in the 18th century on the site of a Roman bridge) and the Pont Neuf (from 1841) cross the Ain. The foundations of a Gallo-Roman temple have been preserved on Mont Rivel. In the Archaeological Museum of Champagnole, objects are shown that were unearthed in various excavations between 1965 and 1992 in the nearby region (including on Mont Rivel).
population
| Population development | |
|---|---|
| year | Residents |
| 1800 | 1,548 |
| 1866 | 3,366 |
| 1896 | 3,676 |
| 1911 | 3,785 |
| 1926 | 4,423 |
| 1946 | 5,022 |
| 1962 | 7,531 |
| 1968 | 9,273 |
| 1975 | 10,293 |
| 1982 | 9,713 |
| 1990 | 9,250 |
| 1999 | 8,616 |
| 2005 | 8,296 |
With 7,958 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017), Champagnole is one of the larger municipalities in the Jura department. Champagnole showed strong growth rates at the time of its industrialization in the first half of the 19th century. Thereafter, the population remained relatively constant for a long time until a slow but steady increase took place again from 1920. Another surge of growth followed in the period from around 1950 to 1970, when the number of inhabitants doubled. The previous high was reached in the mid-1970s with around 10,300 inhabitants. Since then, the number of inhabitants in Champagnole has decreased continuously due to company closures and job losses. Overall, there was a decrease of almost 20%.
economy
For a long time Champagnole was a town characterized by the trade in agricultural products in the area. Companies that were dependent on hydropower, including mills and sawmills, settled along the course of the Ain. Wood processing, the manufacture of furniture and toys, and wood carving have been important industries since the 18th century. With industrialization at the beginning of the 19th century, a cement works, a steel mill, the watch and textile industry were added to the traditional sectors.
Today Champagnole is an important industrial city in the Jura. The larger industrial and commercial zones are concentrated in the area between the railway line and the bypass road in the north and east of the center. The most important branches of industry today include the wood industry, furniture production, the manufacture of bathroom equipment, the optical industry, an iron and steel works, an aluminum foundry, the manufacture of watch accessories, printing, micromechanics and the transport industry. For a long time, important factories such as the cement factory and the Jouef toy factory closed at the end of the 20th century.
Furthermore, Champagnole fulfills its central function for a large region of the western Plateau Jurassic. It is the location of numerous retail stores, several shopping centers, trading companies (including those for IT), insurance and banking companies, and has a hospital. All levels of compulsory education can be attended in Champagnole. A public and a private grammar school as well as a vocational school are available for higher education.
traffic
The city has good transport links. It forms a traffic junction on the main road N5 , which leads from Geneva via Champagnole to Dole . Other regional road connections exist with Lons-le-Saunier , Salins-les-Bains and Pontarlier . The center is now relieved of transit traffic by a bypass road. The closest connection to the A39 motorway (Dijon - Bourg-en-Bresse) is around 35 km away. Champagnole has a station on the railway line that runs from Andelot-en-Montagne to Morez . There are direct train connections to Dole and Saint-Claude.
The Champagnole-Crotenay airfield (grass runway) is located around 10 km west of the city near Crotenay.
Partnerships
- Dukinfield (UK)
- Gottmadingen (Baden-Württemberg, Germany)
- Varedo (Monza and Brianza, Italy)
Footnotes
- ↑ Champagnole, Orgue Marin Carouge ( Memento of the original dated November 16, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Official website of the municipality of Champagnole (French)
- Website of the Office du Tourisme on Champagnole and its surroundings