Přísečnice

View from the edge of the Jelení hora towards Mědník . The former urban area (marked) is sunk under the surface of the water.

Přísečnice ( German  Preßnitz [ ˈpʁeːsnit͡s ]) was an old mountain town in Ústecký kraj in the Czech Republic . With the decision to build the Preßnitz dam , the place was subsequently relocated and abandoned. The former urban area is sunk under the surface of the water.

geography

Location of Preßnitz

The town in western Bohemia was located on the ridge of the Ore Mountains until 1974 at the point where the reservoir of the Preßnitz dam extends today . The cadastre of Přísečnice covers an area of ​​1290.0872 ha and belongs to the municipality Kryštofovy Hamry ( German  Christophhammer ).

The Preßnitz settlement was relocated at least once in its medieval history. This was probably related to military events. The "Kremsiger" (mining area near Pleil-Sorgenthal with a proven royal mint) but also the St. Nicholas Church (later the city's cemetery church) have been assumed to be the presumed locations of the first "Bresnitz" settlement in the High Middle Ages . In the case of (insufficient) excavations at the Nikolauskirche before it was demolished, only finds from the 15th to 19th centuries were recovered.

The early modern Preßnitz (city center with moated castle and market place) was created around 1500 at the latest about 1.2 km southeast of the Heegberg in the middle of the valley of the Preßnitz brook. This deepest part of the city was at about 725  m nm. For the market square ( approximate location ) the same book states 720  m nm .

Important trading towns nearby were:

• southeast of Karlsbad , 30 km as the crow flies
• northwest of Annaberg , 15 km as the crow flies
• southeast of Kaaden , 13 km as the crow flies
• east of Chomutov , 18 km as the crow flies

Former neighboring towns

in the East:

• City of Sonnenberg

in the south East:

• Reischdorf (evacuated)
• Tomitschan with other districts, u. a. Pöllma (Podmilesy) near Preßnitz, Neudörfel near Reischdorf (Nová Víska) and the desert of Kretscham (Krčma)
• Wohlau village (partially deserted)

in the southwest:

• Dörnsdorf ( evacuated )
• behind Dörnsdorf: Köstelwald (partially isolated, partially deserted ), now belongs to Kupferberg
• Wenkau / (Wenkov) , desert ?, now belongs to Kupferberg
• Bergstadt / municipality of Kupferberg

in the West:

• Orpus village (today part of Christophhammer)
• City / municipality Schmiedeberg

in the North:

• Dorf Christophhammer (to which the whole Preßnitzer Flur today, together with those of Reischdorf and Dörnsdorf belongs)
• City of Jöhstadt in Saxony
• former Hegerhaus settlement between Christofhammer and Pleil-Sorgenthal (probably desolate today)

in the north-west:

• Villages Pleil and Sorgenthal , the united place is now called Černý Potok, so "Schwarzwasserbach" and belongs to Christophhammer
• City of Weipert

Mountains and elevations around Pressnitz

(based on a map from 1861)

• in the west of the former town / dam the Great Spitzberg ( Velký Špičák , Schmiedeberger Spitzberg, 965.0 m, location ) with the smaller Heegberg in front of it (today: Hajiste , 806.9 m, location )
• in the southwest: Middle Spitzberg ( Střední Špičák , 924 m) and Little Spitzberg ( Malý Špičák , 895 m), both southwest of the Great Spitzberg
• in the northeast of the Haßberg ( Jelení hora , 994 m; location ) and the smaller Höllberg in the southwest (today Holy vrch , 795.5 m; location )
• in the south the Vogelherd (near Kupferberg) and the Kupferhübel (today Mědník , 910 m; location ) near Kupferberg / Měděnec
• in the northwest of the Kunstberg ( Cernopotocky vrch , 849.1 m ?; location ) on the former mining area Kremsiger near Pleil-Sorgenthal
• in the southeast the Pöllmer Höhe ( Podmileska vyslina , 874.1 m?) and the Bublet? (860.9 m?) Near Reischdorf
• in the southeast the Reischdorfer Höhe approx. 853 m, and Reischberg ( Lysá hora , 875 m, today there are wind turbines)
• in the south of the Hammerberg near Dörnsdorf
• the Sandberg ( Písečná hora ) over which the railway line Komotau – Weipert runs (near Dörnsdorf?)

The current names and elevations come partly from a tourist map of the Ore Mountains from 1992. The Přísečnicka hora (854.2 m; location ) between Weipert and the Preßnitz dam, according to the tourist map from 1992, would be translated as “Preßnitzer Berg” . It was apparently renamed after the dam was built, because a German-language map calls it "Queen Mountain".

Former brooks in the Preßnitz valley basin

On the southern outskirts of Preßnitz, Hammerbach (older: Hammerle-Bach; Hamerský potok ; coming from Hammerlegrund), Dörnsdorfer Bach and Reischdörfer Bach merged to form the Preßnitz-Bach , which was also called "The Bresnitz". There were other streams and outflows from mine tunnels (e.g. mountain water from the Neuer Stück, mountain water from the Scheib district, mountain water from the Orpuser district, water from the “House of Austria” gallery ) that also flowed into the Bresnitz. A stream flowing in from the west, the Schießhaus stream, fed the Preßnitz open-air swimming pool (and the Stadtmühlgraben) and joined the Pressnitz stream east of the market square. Other streams flowing into the Preßnitz were the stream of the Kempteiche / Altvaterteiche on the Heegberg and the Orpusbach (also called Steiner Schotten), coming from the village of Opus. Outside the city (down the Preßnitz) the Saubach and Rohrschmiedebach (coming from the west and northwest) and the Red Bach ( Červený potok ) from the east from Höllberg flowed into the Preßnitz. There was also the Brandbach ( Požární potok ).

Since the construction of the dam, most of the streams have completely or partially sunk under the water level of the dam.

Former ponds in the Preßnitz valley basin

• two Kempteiche and two Altvaterteiche northwest of Preßnitz am Heegberg
• Large pond on the north side of the city of Pressnitz
• three (or four?) Nittnerteiche on the Schießhausbach west of Preßnitz parallel to the road to Schmiedeberg
• three ponds near Köstelwald and Dörnsdorf am Preßnitzbach
• a reservoir near Orpus am Hammerlebach / Hammerbach
• the three ponds northwest of the Höllberg
• Fermentation pond on the Roten Bach southwest of the Haßberg, east of the White Court

geology

The mountains around the Preßnitz basin are mostly of volcanic origin. So also Haßberg, Großer, Mittlerer and Kleiner Spitzberg and Kupferhübel. These mountains are basalt domes . The occurring otherwise in Preßnitzer basin rocks are: biotite , muscovite -Biotit- paragneisses - partial magmatisiert (melted) -, as well as mica . Quartz -containing skarn lenses , which contain minerals of precious metals (copper, silver) or red-brown iron hydroxides , appear in its layers . Due to impurities in the Preßnitz valley basin, quartz forms deposits of semi-precious stones such as chalcedony near Pleil-Sorgenthal and purple amethysts as well as pink to gray-colored chert on the Haßberg - on heaps of old mining.

climate

The mean annual temperature in the Preßnitz valley basin is only 5.5 degrees Celsius. The area of ​​the former city center (Marktplatz Preßnitz) was about 720 m or 725 m above sea level. Snowfall will occur here 45 to 60 days a year. The snow stays around 165 to 174 days a year before it thaws. The annual rainfall is about 900 mm. The climate in the Preßnitz area with a short summer, a long transition period, a long blanket of snow and a rather mild winter is classified as area "CH6".

history

Former local arms of the city Preßnitz, the horizontal red-silver-red beams were most likely from the second reign owners, the Lords of Lobkowicz Hassenstein assumed

Drawing of the city center from 1591

The Posto near Presnitz, 1641 by Pieter Snayers - Depiction of the battle between Swedish and imperial troops on March 27, 1641. In the center, the Castle of Preßnitz.

Information board at the dam of the Preßnitz dam

First documentary mention

The first documentary mention of Preßnitz occurs in a document from 1335, with which King John of Luxembourg exempted those from customs duties who moved on the road leading from Preßnitz to Laun : “ … a via, quae ducit de oppido Presnitz ad civitatem nostram Lunensem. "

Etymology and historical spellings of the city name

A total of 53 different spellings of the name Preßnitz are known in historical sources. For example:

• 1335: Presnitz
• 1336: Břesnic
• 1341: Bresnitz
• 1384: Prziesnicz
• 1405: Brosnicz
• 1411: Przesessnicz
• 1422: Brissenicz
• 1608: Pržissetnicze

There are two hypotheses about the origin and meaning of the name Preßnitz / Přísečnice:

1. from příeseka or přeseka , Czech for " Verhau ". In the Middle Ages, passports and important trade routes were blocked in times of war with wooden trunks or felled trees.
2. derive from the adjective přísečná . That is the water flowing through “Příeseka”.

General historical overview

The old passport Preßnitz , mentioned for the first time in 1335 as oppidium (small town), received a mint around 1340 under King John of Bohemia in which Bohemian groschen , the so-called Bremsiger , with the inscription: "Johannes primus Dei gratia Rex Bohemiae" were minted. Emperor Karl IV bestowed rule over the place to the lords of Schönburg on Hassenstein . At the beginning of the 15th century it became the property of the Lobkowitz family . In 1533 Count Hieronymus and Lorenz Schlick acquired the Preßnitz rule. Silver mining flourished under the Schlicks.

The Bohemian and Roman-German King Ferdinand I , who was the new owner of Preßnitz from 1545, elevated the place to a royal free mountain town a year later .

In the course of the Thirty Years' War , Preßnitz and the surrounding area was the scene of a significant battle between Swedish and imperial troops: The Swedes under Johan Banér were - pursued by imperial cavalry regiments - on the shortest route across Bohemian territory to Saxony and marched on March 17th in ^July. / March 27, 1641 ^greg. from Kaaden over the pass path into the Ore Mountains. The battle of Pressnitz broke out on the ridge . Banér lost about 4,000 men, which was almost a third of the troop strength.

In 1811 there was a major fire in which eleven residents died and 307 houses burned down. In 1906 Preßnitz became a district town. After the end of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy , Preßnitz was added to the newly created Czechoslovakia in 1919 and then lost its importance.

Because of the Munich Agreement in 1938 came Preßnitz to the German Reich and was until 1945 the district Preßnitz , Region of Eger , in the Reich District of Sudetenland . A court and the district administration were located in the village. There was also a large Baroque castle, a number of houses with Gothic portals, the Baroque Church of the Virgin Mary and the Gothic Church of St. Nicholas, where the Bohemian humanist Bohuslaus Lobkowicz von Hassenstein was buried in 1510 .

In 1945 and 1946, the predominantly German-Bohemian population was expelled . In the following years the city fell into disrepair and many houses were demolished.

With the decision to build the Preßnitz dam , in whose planned storage space it was located, Přísečnice was gradually evacuated, houses, churches and baroque chateau were demolished. In 1973, Preßnitz was one of the locations for the German film Traumstadt by director Johannes Schaaf . Some buildings were also blown up on June 6, 1973 for the film content. When the dam, which was completed in 1976, was filled, the remains and ruins of the reservoir sank.

History of the rule, war events and city fires

The settlement of the area between the (later) settlements of Preßnitz and Platz was carried out by the imperial direct (imperial free) lords of Schönburg - Crimmitschau . On an important trade route that led via Zwickau and Aue to Bohemia, the Reichsministeriale von Crimmitschau built an escort and customs castle in Schlettau . The important road of the High Middle Ages probably led over the Preßnitzer Pass to Bohemia and branched off in at least two directions near Preßnitz:

• via Sonnenberg to Komotau and
• past Hassenstein Castle to Kaaden and Klösterle an der Eger

It is also known that at least two other important trade routes led across the mountains near Preßnitz, namely one coming from Meißen and the often documented "Salt Route", which probably led from Magdeburg via Halle (salt mining), Leipzig (trade fair) and Chemnitz to the Erzgebirge ridge .

The Schönburgers sat as legal successors to the Crimmitschauer Ministeriale as the Schönburg-Crimmitschau line at Schweinsburg Castle near Crimmitschau. As they were under constant threat from their up-and-coming neighbors, the Margraves of Meißen from the House of Wettin , they decided to give the rule of Schlettau to the Bohemian king as an imperial fief . This happened with the consent of the German Emperor, who was also King of Bohemia. Now the Schönburgers with their lords of Schlettau and Hartenstein were feudal takers of the Bohemian king and - for the time being - safe from the Wettins. Schlettau thus became a Bohemian enclave and an important Bohemian customs office within Saxony. The above-mentioned issues are dealt with in the Museum Schloss Schlettau.

Around 1200 the area around Pressnitz was in princely possession and was administered from Kaaden.

In a document dated March 20, 1351, the Bohemian King Emperor Karl IV , Friedrich and Bernhard von Schönburg gave Hassenstein Castle , half of Preßnitz, Schlettau in Saxony and other places as royal Bohemian fiefs. Two months later they took the feudal oath. Friedrich is mentioned for the last time in 1361 and probably died soon after. The ownership of Hassenstein and (half) Preßnitz passed to the brothers Bernhard and Hermann von Schönburg. In 1367 they divided the rule: Bernhard got Hassenstein, Hermann got half of Pressnitz. A feudal letter from King Wenzel IV confirms this and provides an overview of what else belonged to the (half) rule of Preßnitz: half of the Preßnitz forests, half of the town of Preßnitz with half of its customs, half of Reischdorf , the entire villages of Zobietitz (near Sonnenberg) , Gaischwitz (near Sonnenberg) , Hohentann (near Platz) , Plassdorf (near Platz) , Hannersdorf (near Görkau) , Körbitz (near Sporitz) , Deutsch Kralupp (near Komotau) , a fiefdom in Hagensdorf (near Komotau) with the castle there, the villages of Weinern and Flahe (near Willomitz) and Meretitz (Miřetice; near Klösterle on the Eger ). All villages with all their accessories, except the property of the Waldsassen monastery in Meretitz.

In 1396 a Friedrich (Friczko) von Schönburg promised the Margrave of Meissen military aid. He also transferred Hassenstein Castle to his brother-in-law Heinrich von Plauen from the Reuss family without the consent of the Bohemian King . In February 1418, the Bohemian king therefore sent an army led by Nikolaus Chudy von Lobkowitz against Hassenstein. The castle was captured. As a thank you for the help provided, Nikolaus Chudy von Lobkowitz received Hassenstein Castle and Rule with half of Preßnitz. Actually, he was supposed to return the castle to the king after the debt had been settled. However, the king died soon afterwards, and the Hassenstein castle and estate remained in the possession of the von Lobkowitz family .

The other half of the Preßnitz area, the town and the customs revenue belonged to the Lords of Schönburg at Pürstein Castle near Klösterle on the Eger. In 1363 and also for 1393 the Schönburgers had the right of patronage for the Preßnitz church. This probably concerned the Nikolaikirche (cemetery church), which was later also called "Old Church" on maps. In 1363 a "Fridrici de Birssestein", thus Friedrich von Pürstein, is called.

Until it was destroyed in the Hussite Wars in 1427, the first Preßnitz settlement was below the Preßnitzer Pass in the Kremsiger mining area together with the royal mint (founded around 1340?). After the destruction, Preßnitz was rebuilt about four kilometers southeast of the pass (near the cemetery with the probably already existing Nikolaikirche). In 1448 a German army of knights moved through Pressnitz again against the Hussites .

In 1446 Nikolaus II von Lobkowitz auf Hassenstein bought the second half of Preßnitz from Alexander (Aleš) von Schönburg-Pürstein. This part of the rule included: half of Preßnitz and the customs revenue, half of Brunnersdorf (near Kaaden) and the villages of Schönbach in the Ore Mountains (near Oberleutensdorf) , Meretitz (Miřetice; near Klösterle an der Eger), half of Tomitschan . This purchase resulted in the formation of a united Hassenstein-Preßnitz rule under the von Lobkowitz lords.

In 1468 a German army of knights, which was sent against the confessional Hussite confessional Bohemian King Georg von Podiebrad (who had been excommunicated by the Pope), invaded Pressnitz. According to tradition, citizens of Pressnitz holed up in the Nikolaikirche until a Saaz relief army led by Benesch von Weitmühl came to the rescue.

In 1510 the famous Bohemian humanist Bohuslaus Lobkowicz von Hassenstein is said to have been buried in the family crypt in Preßnitz, probably in the Nikolaikirche. In the 1520s, Wilhelm von Lobkowitz-Hassenstein built a moated castle with two moats in Preßnitz in the middle of the town's market square in the northern part of the late medieval town.

In 1530, large silver deposits were discovered in the area on the Scheibe and on the Hammerberg. As a result, the Counts of Schlick acquired the town, castle and lordship of Preßnitz with the associated villages in 1533 . Soon afterwards there was an upswing in silver mining among them in the Pressnitz district. 1535 to 1537 are referred to as the golden years of Schlick's time. Preßnitz received splendid buildings, including the town hall, which was built around 1530 by a mine owner - Christian Schopf - as a representative private house. The Schlick also owned other mining towns (including Pencil Town , Sankt Joachimsthal , Neudek and Heinrichsgrün ) and shares in mines in the Ore Mountains. The increasing wealth and power of Count Schlick displeased the Bohemian King Ferdinand I , so that in 1545 he expropriated the Schlick family with regard to the town and rule of Preßnitz and most of the other mining towns and their dominions. He transferred the city and rule into the ownership of a royal chamber, which now administered all of this. So Preßnitz became a royal chamberlain . Royal captains who sat on the moated castle in Preßnitz were used for the administration . The silver mines were administered by the miner in Sankt Joachimsthal.

On May 25, 1546, Preßnitz was elevated to the status of a royal mining town . The city was given the coat of arms with the mining symbols hammer and mallet.

During the Schmalkaldic War (1546–1547) Matthias von Scharffenberg was the royal governor. He was driven out by the citizens of Pressnitz. He was considered incompetent and was held responsible for the decline of silver mining around Pressnitz. After the battle of Mühlberg , which was lost by the Protestant armies, the city administration elected by the rebellious citizens was dismissed and punished. Matthias von Scharffenberg was reinstated as a clerk. Because of the support of the Schmalkaldic Federation , the (Protestant) Schlick family were also deprived of the remaining possessions in the Preßnitz rule. For about ten years, Preßnitz was now royal camera rule. Then part of the rule was pledged as a fiefdom to Bohuslav Felix von Lobkowitz-Hassenstein. Initially, however, the town, mines and part of the forests remained royal property. Later this was also handed over to Bohuslav Joachim von Lobkowitz as a pledge until 1588. Later, the Royal Chamber and the respective pledgeeers alternated several times. Around 1565 an imperial-royal forest regulation was issued, which is supposed to regulate the consumption of wood.

On July 23, 1617, the city of Preßnitz bought itself free from the rule and was henceforth "Free Royal Mountain Town".

In the Thirty Years' War , after the Battle of the White Mountain (November 8, 1620), the royal governor, Samson Schindler, was deposed and expropriated from Hohenwald and Puschhof in 1621. He stood up against the emperor and supported rebellious citizens and nobles in the uprising of the Evangelical nobility in Bohemia in 1618. From 1616 to 1621 he lived in the Hassenhof north of Preßnitz. His wife Dorothea's property, the ironworks in Schmiedeberg , was not expropriated.

→ Main article : Battle of Preßnitz

In 1634, according to reports, Captain Karl von Echynk was lying in the moated castle with a company of infantry . In the years 1639, 1640, 1641 ( Battle of Preßnitz ) and 1648, Swedes wreaked havoc on the city and its rulership. During the battle of Preßnitz in March 1641, the Swedish general Johan Banér had the town and the moated castle burned down. This event was immortalized by Matthäus Merian in 1648 in his copper engraving "The Battle of Preßnitz". Johan Banér had been on the run from the imperial troops since the battle of Mies and had set up for battle in Preßnitz in the moated castle and around Preßnitz. In June 1641, the imperial troops of 800 men who passed through Preßnitz again led to the town being plundered again. In 1645 the Swedish army under General Thorstenson moved through Preßnitz on the way to Vienna and plundered everything again.

In 1650 the water castle, which had already burned down in 1641, was rebuilt as a purely administrative building by the Royal Chamber. The two moats were drained and filled. At the end of the 1740s, the ruinous castle complex was completely torn down. From 1749 to 1754 a baroque palace was built on the same site, which was called the Amtshaus.

In 1746 there was a major city fire in which the castle was probably destroyed again. Then the new palace was built. For the years 1748 to 1754 Anton von Kayser is recorded as the royal chief bailiff in Preßnitz.

During the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), Prussian and imperial troops alternated between them. Imperial Croats fought here against Prussian troops in 1758. It was looted, billeted, requisitioned and burned. In 1759, another city fire destroyed 89 houses, the city church and the parish. In 1811 there was the biggest fire in the city, which destroyed everything except 66 buildings and killed eleven people. Town hall with archive, town church, parish, school, town brewery and castle burned down. A total of 307 houses were destroyed.

House numbers were introduced in Preßnitz under Maria Theresa in 1770 . There were 346 houses. The lock got the number 1.

In 1813, after a battle against Napoleonic troops, 100,000 soldiers of the united Prussians, Austrians and Russians camped in the fields around Preßnitz. Again much was requisitioned. In 1813 the Pressnitz Castle was rebuilt and renovated.

In 1826 Prince Otto Viktor von Schönburg - Waldenburg bought the Preßnitz rule and had a large part of the forest cut down. On August 9, 1832, Countess Gabriela von Buquoy-Longueval acquired the rule for 300,000 guilders. Her father was State Minister Count Heinrich von Rottenhan at Rothenhaus Castle near Görkau. With her father's death she inherited the Rothenhaus rule. New streets were laid under it, lace making and the manufacture of wooden shingles (for roofs) were introduced. Forestry in the Preßnitz rulership flourished thanks to skilled forest officials. In 1839 Countess Gabriela acquired the rule of Hauenstein with the then associated mining town of Kupferberg . She proved to be a skilled entrepreneur in forestry and iron industry. In 1843 there was another famine and Gabriela had food, clothes and blankets distributed at the Preßnitz Castle. Similar actions are documented for the years 1847 and 1848. In 1859 she had the Preßnitzbach expanded for rafting. She died in Prague on March 21, 1863.

In 1848 serfdom was abolished in the Preßnitz rule. An urban self-government was created. The Preßnitz-Hauenstein estate administration also took over the management of the lordship in Preßnitz . The lordship's central forest management (chief forestry) was located in Preßnitz . In 1850 a city office was opened.

In 1866 Prussian troops moved over the Preßnitzer Pass.

After Gabriela's death in 1863, her son Georg Johann von Buquoy-Longueval inherited the Preßnitz-Hauenstein estate. In the 1870s the rule was then divided between his two sons: Karl Bonaventura from Buyou-Longueval got the Preßnitz estate. In 1898 he dissolved the Preßnitz estate management. The estate was now also managed by the “Buquy Forest Administration”. In 1911 his daughter Sophie, married Westphalen-Fürstenberg, inherited the Preßnitz estate. In May 1913 she sold it to her cousin Karl Georg von Buquoy-Longueval. After the First World War, there was a reform / partial expropriation of real estate in Austria and also in the newly founded Czechoslovakia in 1918. The titles of nobility were abolished and banned in Austria in 1918. From the original 7357 hectares , the Preßnitz estate then only comprised 3023 hectares.

In 1919 the Czech military moved into Preßnitz.

The Second World War reached Preßnitz on October 1, 1938: the German Wehrmacht marched in and the Czech army and officials left the place on October 3. On May 8, 1945, the Red Army captured the city.

Karl J. Buquoy managed his remaining property, mainly forest, until 1945. Then it was completely expropriated.

When a forest vocational school (from 1956 forestry training institute) was opened in Preßnitz at the beginning of the 1950s, its boarding school was located in Pressnitz Castle. In 1960 the forest school was relocated to Abertham . From 1962 to 1964 the castle was owned by the Czech state medicinal product warehouse in Aussig, which had renovations carried out.

On June 6, 1973 at 7:27 p.m., the castle and other buildings still standing on the market square were blown up with 700 kg of dynamite and the debris was used for the embankment of the Přísečnice dam.

Mining

There was evidence of mining in the area around Preßnitz at an early stage. Especially in the ridge, the Kremsiger (also known as Bremsiger), which is about 3 kilometers northwest of the city, they were particularly successful. The basis of the mining here were skarn bearings with magnetite and veins of hematite and silver . The mining settlement that arose in the area of ​​these ore deposits was based on the archaeological findings available to date in the second half of the 13th century. The most profitable years of silver mining were 1535 to 1537. During this period, 252  quintals or 55440 marks of silver were mined  .

Iron mining was also of great importance to the city. In a document about the arrival of the little town and mine in and on the Preßnitz in the Kron Boheimb from 1583, 26 iron hammers are named, which are said to have been in the area before the Hussite campaigns and were burned by them. In his chronicle of the war, the chronicler Christian Lehmann locates this "From the melt pit on, up the water, bit to the Preßnitz."

In 1524 a hammer mill was built at the foot of the Höllberg near Pressnitz. Another hammer mill in Pressnitz was owned by the royal chamber from 1727 to 1832, after which it fell to the Rothenhaus rulership, which was in the hands of Countess Gabriela Buquoy. The most important mines based on iron ore near Preßnitz were the Dorothea-Zeche and the Fischer-Zeche southwest of the city towards Orpus. It was not until 1922 that operations at the latter mine were finally stopped, the shaft of which reached a depth of 80 meters. Mainly magnetic and garnet iron stones were funded.

Mining areas and pits near Preßnitz

(Source:)

• "Kremsiger" east of Pleil and Sorgenthal with the "Kunstberg", a dump
• "Ausspanner" southeast of Pleil, south of today's main road from the Preßnitz dam to Pleil-Sorgenthal (Černý Potok)
• "Scheibe (r)" and Orpuser Revier southwest and west of Preßnitz
• Gruben am Höllberg east of Preßnitz / the dam
• Kupferberger Revier, was partially drained from the Preßnitzer Erbstollen "Haus Österreich"
• Pits on the Haßberg
• Area at the Preßnitzer Vorwerk in the valley of the Schießhausbach: z. B. Fischer-Zeche (until the beginning of the 20th century)
• Revier on the Schmiedeberger Spitzberg
• Area in the valley of the Schwarzwasserbach ( Černý Potok ) between Schmiedeberg and Pleil-Sorgenthal
• Hammerberg and Hammerlegrund district (valley of the Hammerlebach) near Dörnsdorf
• District near Weipert

Last mining attempts in the Preßnitz district

From 1967 to 1992 the fishing colliery near Orpus was operated again by a company from Kupferberg ( Zelezorudne doly a hrudkovny Ejpovice ), but then closed again due to low stocks and unprofitability. In the 1950s to 1960s , many old tunnels and shafts were reopened and explored in search of uranium , barite and fluorspar . A search bore was sunk on the Heegberg to a depth of almost 1000 m. An exploration shaft reached a depth of 256 m with approx. 3 km sections and cross tunnels. The uranium deposits found, however, were not worth mining. In 1987, the Little Spitzberg in Schmiedeberg the then largest known magnetite -Lagerstätte of Czechoslovakia discovered. Around 1979 a huge barite- fluorspar deposit was discovered in the Schmiedeberg area with an 8 km long tunnel from Weigensdorf (Vykmanov near Pürstein ) .

Medieval mint and the Pressnitz groschen

Several medieval documents that report on the silver mining under King John of Luxembourg near Preßnitz also mention a royal mint. Maps from the 19th century locate them in the “Kremsiger” mining area, east of Pleil-Sorgenthal . To date, there has been no such coin (Pressnitz Groschen) that can be clearly assigned to Pressnitz. The Preßnitz local researcher J. Hossner (1874-1935) reported that by 1811 three such groschen had been received. So they were possibly destroyed in the great city fire in 1811, as was most of the city, the town hall and the city archive. Three more copies are said to have come to the (city) museum in Annaberg . These three coins, generally called “Prague Groschen” (without specifying the place of origin), are still there today (2004). Two of these coins are from an earlier period (1311–1327), but one coin dates from 1327–1340 and can therefore be considered a Pressnitz coin. It has a "secret mark" - here a ring - which has not yet been assigned to any known mint.

The book History of Komotauer Bergbaues (1976) reports on the Preßnitz mint:

“A mint was built here early on. The place where this mint stood was mentioned very often later, and one of the iron mines on the Kremsiger was called 'Auf der Münzstätte'. In a list of ten from the years 1700–1715 and on a map of the mines from the first half of the 19th century, there is a place called 'Alte Münzstätte' near the so-called ore deposit. "

The chronicler of the Ore Mountains, Pastor Christian Lehmann , quotes the owner of the hammer mills near Jöhstadt, Christian Mayer, in his chronicle of the Thirty Years' War around 1645:

“My hammer mill and its mine are in the mountains. One is called Cremsig, where I have my best mines. It looks like houses and the mint were there. Remnants of it can still be seen. Groschen Cremsiger were minted there. "

Count Kaspar Maria von Sternberg , reported in 1836 on the Pressnitz mining industry, quoting from a report by a Pressnitz mining official from 1583. According to this, Johann von Böhmen is said to have set up a mint here in 1340, in which whole Bohemian groschen were minted, which after the location of the mine bore the name "Bremsiger". Its inscription is said to have read "JOHANNES PRIMUS DEI GRATIA REX BOHEMIA". Its value is said to have been equivalent to two Bohemian groschen in 1583.

traffic

Main streets in the city

In the center of the city was the elongated market square, oriented in a north-south direction. The elongated Rathausplatz / Herrnhausplatz, oriented in a west-east direction, bordered on it in the south. From the east end of the Herrnhausplatz the Kaadner Straße led south towards the Nikolaikirche / Friedhof (and branched out further to Dörnsdorf and Reischdorf). From the union of the Rathausplatz with the south side of the market square, Joachimsthaler Strasse led west out of the city to Schmiedeberg.

From Rathausplatz and Herrnhausplatz, Weiperter Straße was the main street leading north out of the city.

Former country roads and paths from Preßnitz

• to the southeast the road to Reischdorf (evacuated)
• to the southwest the road to Dörnsdorf ( evacuated )
• on the west side of Preßnitz the path to Orpus and the path that crosses it to Dörnsdorf over a mountain slope (785 m elevation) past an atonement cross
• in the west of the city the way to the powder tower
• from the city center to the north the Seligberg-Weg
• from the city center to the northwest of the Schnarger-Weg
• from the city center to the Heegberg and on to the Großer Spitzberg the Rauscher-Weg
• from the city center the "Joachimsthaler Straße" to Schmiedeberg

From 1833 Gabriella von Buquoy had a country road built from Preßnitz to Kretscham (now deserted) and by 1834 the other, the one from Schmiedeberg via Pleil (Pleyl), the Preßnitzer Pass via Reitzenhain to Kallich and to the industrial town of Gabriellahütten (also Gabrielka, now deserted near Kalek ) led.

The book Preßnitz - sunken but not forgotten describes the modern road connection of Preßnitz as follows:

"The country roads led from Preßnitz to Weipert, Christofhammer, Ulmbach (today deserted by statutes ), Kupferberg, Schmiedeberg, via Reischdorf (today deserted) to Kaaden and via Wohlau (today deserted) to Brunnersdorf ."

In the 14th century, two trade routes crossed the urban area of ​​Preßnitz, which are mentioned in the documents of the Schönburger . The Preßnitzer Pass (792 m) between Preßnitz and Pleil was important for the development of the older medieval Preßnitz settlement . Before its destruction in the Hussite Wars in 1427, the settlement ( oppidum ) Preßnitz was directly under this pass together with a customs office and a documented royal mint (on the "Kremsiger" mining area). This pass road led from Kaaden to Weipert.

Missing train connection

Station Reisch Village Preßnitz in Reisch village before its demolition in 2012

Remains of the Reischdorf train station after 2012

When the railway line from Komotau to Weipert was planned before 1872 , the Preßnitz councilors refused a route through Preßnitz. In 1872 the new Komotau – Weipert (and Weipert – Annaberg / Buchholz ) railway lines - past Preßnitz - were put into operation. The owner was the Buschtěhrad Railway . The closest train station from Preßnitz was now the train station in Reischdorf , which was part of the Weipert – Komotau line, which now ran along the slopes of the Reischberg and the Sandberg. Industrially, Preßnitz was thus left behind. Weipert became an up-and-coming industrial city. When the Preßnitz councilors recognized their mistake, they urged that the Reischdorf train station be named "Reischdorf-Preßnitz". This also happened, but did not change anything about the economic stagnation in Pressnitz. It took about an hour to walk from the center of Preßnitz to the train station in Reischdorf (for the 3 km).

In order to solve the problem of the missing rail connection, Mayor Hans Schöft planned a railway line Schmalzgrube - Christophhammer - Pressnitz - Reischdorf - Sonnenberg , which would have enabled a connection to the Saxon railway network (via the narrow-gauge railway Wolkenstein - Jöhstadt ). However, it never came to be built.

From 1918 the mined iron ore from the fishing mine near Orpus was brought to the Reischdorf station and loaded onto freight trains there.

Bus transport

From 1927 public buses ran to Reischdorfer train station, to Weipert, to Komotau and Kaaden.

Water pipe, gas lanterns and electric light

In 1905, initiated by Mayor Hans Schöft, a partially subterranean elevated water tank, known as the "Bassin", was built on the Heegberg. At the same time a (first?) New water pipe was laid. The elevated tank (waterworks) still exists today.

In 1908 gas lighting was introduced in the city . Electric light was not introduced until 1920 . The power supply came from Zwickau in Saxony until 1941 . From 1941 onwards, Kaaden supplied the electricity.

Parish and Recatholization

Preßnitz had been a Catholic parish since the 13th century . It included the places Preßnitz, Dörnsdorf, Orpus, Pleil-Sorgenthal and Hegerhaus (municipality of Christophhammer).

The Thirty Years' War triggered a sharp recatholization in the Habsburg Empire . The Protestant churches were closed. Non-Catholic priests and preachers were expelled from the country as early as 1624. All unfree subjects were forced to accept the Catholic faith. Only the subjects of free classes were given the choice to adopt the Catholic faith or to emigrate from the Habsburg Empire. Between 1628 and 1629 29 citizens left Preßnitz because of their beliefs and lost all property.

In the 20th century, Preßnitz was the seat of a Catholic deanery. An evangelical preaching station has existed again since 1904.

schools

• 1857: Embroidery school / trade school and later glove sewing school
• 1882: private music school, founded by Wilhelm Rauscher, became the municipal music school in 1896. After 1900 a new building was erected. Over 4,000 students have been trained here in the 30 years of its existence. The school had an international reputation.
• Boys' elementary school
• 1898: Elementary and community school
• 1925: Czech school for the Czech minority, moved to a better building in 1933. A branch of this school was also set up in Reischdorf. After it became part of Germany in 1938, the school was closed and a kindergarten was set up here
• 1941: Agricultural vocational school opened.
• after 1950: forest vocational school, later forest training institute, existed until 1960
• kindergarten

Services and culture

In 1565 a public bathing establishment (bath house) is mentioned and a city office was opened as early as 1850.

There were five hotels in Preßnitz (Ross, Herrenhaus, Stadt Wien, Stadt Karlsbad, Zum Waldschlössel) and three wine bars or coffee houses (Kaiser, Central, Roscher). In addition, two doctors (including a district doctor), a pharmacy, a drugstore as well as a notary and a lawyer were resident. There was a new slaughterhouse (since 1910) and a municipal tree nursery, a post office and the tax office. The town hall housed the city office and the district court (with land registry). On a road in the Preßnitz valley there was a "toll house" for collecting the road usage fee. There were three credit institutions: a branch of the Komotauer Sparkasse, a branch of the Kreditanstalt der Deutschen and the Volksbank Preßnitz. Preßnitz was the location of a gendarmerie district and a gendarmerie post. The city scales were on the south side of the city park. A gas station was east of the castle. There were at least three bakeries (Kühn, Hahn, Ißling), a grocery store (Püschel), a greengrocer (Hahn) and a wine merchant (Enzmann). There were three inns in the city center.

From 1930 the first sound films were shown in the hall / sound film cinema of the Hotel Ross. In 1932 the public bathing establishment was opened in the valley of the Schießhausbach (outdoor pool). In 1934 a sports field on Heegberg was put into operation. The students of the municipal music school gave concerts. A community library was also housed in the city music school. There was a city park with a bandstand on the market square. House No. 373 housed the Municipal Museum (Heimatmuseum), which was founded by Kapellmeister Johann Haßner. Haßner also brought some rarities from India for the museum.

Authorities

19th century

• from 1848 (1850): municipal office in the town hall that is independent of the rulers
• before 1898: Preßnitz estate management, temporarily for the Preßnitz-Hauenstein rule

20th century

• City office, district court, archive, land registry and prison in the town hall
• Boquoy's forest administration in the castle (until 1918/1945?)
• State Forest Service
• District Office (before 1906), District Office (Bezirkshauptmannschaft) 1906–1938, on the market square in front of the west side of the castle
• Tax office on the market square
• Post office on the market square (or town hall square?)
• Pressnitz Gendarmeriestation (in the town hall?)
• (municipal?) fire brigade in Kaadner Strasse
• Municipal road administration in the "Red House"
• Preßnitz-Weiperter District Committee (from 1945)
• probably a municipal forest administration
• Toll box for the road user fee

The localization of some authorities was taken from two plans of the Pressnitz city center, as well as from several other pages of the same book.

societies

The Czech associations North Bohemian National Unity , Local Youth Care and the District Cultural Association existed here .

There was also the Erzgebirgsverein (see also: Nordwestböhmischer Gebirgsvereins-Verband ), which had set itself the goal of signposting hiking trails.

Several miners' bands, a municipal choral society and the Archangel Michael Brotherhood , which cultivated instrumental music and choral singing, existed as musical associations .

Music city of Preßnitz

Since the early 19th century, the city was the origin of numerous traveling bands as well as individual musicians who traveled through the countries for a living. The peculiarity of the Pressnitzers was their harp playing , which goes back to the mayor Ignaz Walter, who was in office from 1776 to 1792. Walter was well known for his skill on the harp and laid the foundation for the education of several generations of players of this instrument.

When shortly before 1800 the harpist Anna Maria Görner, born here in 1764, returned from a hike to Leipzig with plenty of money, this triggered a veritable wave of such hikes in the city and the surrounding area. The decisive reason for the many migrations was the great economic hardship caused by an extraordinary rise in prices in 1805, the devastating city fire of 1811 and troops moving through as a result of the Napoleonic Wars .

Especially girls and women - with these walks often began at the age of eleven or twelve years and their simple, crafted by local carpenters hook harps around on their backs - were traveling in the 19th century as "Preßnitzer Harp Girl". Concerts by outstanding music bands in Pressnitz - especially ladies' but also mixed bands - can be proven in the Balkans , in Moscow and San Francisco . In 1813 a band played for Emperor Franz II of Austria, Tsar Alexander I of Russia and King Friedrich Wilhelm III. of Prussia. The bands arranged their concerts through agents and after 1830 there were more and more "organized" trips throughout Western and Eastern Europe, even Cairo , India , China , Japan and North America were venues. Preßnitz passport protocols from 1834 state that 16 harp girls from the surrounding towns went on a hike. For around 1860 it is reported that over 300 travel permits were issued annually in Preßnitz alone and that there are five to six people for every permit.

The Pressnitzers sang and played songs that had been handed down orally and taught by older people even without knowledge of music, but they were also able to adapt to the preferences of the audience and take up new trends. In order to increase the quality and the level of training, Wilhelm Rauscher first founded a private music school in 1881. With the decree of the Ministry of Culture and Education of November 13, 1895, a public, municipal music school was approved and opened in the autumn of the following year. In 1905 it was placed under the Prague Conservatory . The pupils were trained in six classes of around 200 pupils in singing as well as in all string and wind instruments , piano , organ , drums , singing , harmony , counterpoint and music history to become orchestral singers and musicians. The graduates were highly valued for their education. In the 20th century, however, fewer and fewer people from Pressnitz found wages and salaries in the music industry. In the 1930s a few chapels were still employed in Czech or Austrian health resorts. Under the last director Emil Müller, music education reached its zenith and was then abruptly and permanently ended by the expulsion of the German-Bohemian population after the end of the Second World War .

It is also worth mentioning that musicians from Pressnitz also found their way into Karl May's series of novels, Orient Cycle : In the third volume, “From Bagdad to Stambul” (1892), Kara Ben Nemsi encounters such a group in Damascus and asks them in different languages. His hero Kara Ben Nemsi reports: “Once I met a Pressnitz band here and to test my language skills, I asked the singer Turkish, English, French and German. She always answered correctly. "

Pressnitzer hook harps

→ Main article : Bohemian harp

Anna-Maria Hefele playing a self-made hook harp , but this has modern levers, so-called semitone keys , to adjust the semitones

Carpenters in Pressnitz made the so-called “hook harps”, which the harp girls carried on their backs in a linen case during their hiking trips. To play these hook harps you need great dexterity, because semitones were achieved by a brisk turn of the hook during the game.

Nancy Thym-Hochrein, American from Auburn / California, is today (2004) one of the few people who can still master the demanding game of the Preßnitz hook harps. She has lived in Freising / Bavaria since 1978, researched the Preßnitz harp playing and performed herself as the “Preßnitz harp girl”. She owns a collection of hooked harps from Pressnitz.

Trades and industry

Since the decline of mining in the 17th century, probably due to the Thirty Years War, the population had to look for new branches of business. In 1654 a report lists: 26 farmers and 57 craftsmen and tradespeople. Another 58 residents are exclusively craftsmen or tradespeople. 10 shoemakers, 6 bakers, 8 butchers, 5 maltsters, 13 carters but only 5 miners are named.

In 1717 an imperial silver smelter was built in Preßnitz, but it only existed for a short time. In the first half of the 19th century Gabriella von Buquoy promoted lace making in Preßnitz. She also introduced the manufacture of wooden roof shingles here. Forestry flourished around Preßnitz. All types of trades required were located in Preßnitz. There were several mills: Ölmühle, Lohstampfmühle, Mittlere Mühle, Untere Mühle and Brettmühle. Gloves were sometimes sewn here . There were two municipal breweries and a manorial brewery. Pressnitz beer was also traded outside of Pressnitz. At the end of the 19th century there was also a sawmill and furniture production. Pressnitzers were also active as traders, cloth makers and offered transport services as carters . Quite a few Pressnitzers were traveling musicians in the 19th century. Others worked in authorities. There were guilds of bakers, butchers, shoemakers, cloth weavers and tailors in Preßnitz. In the 19th century, Preßnitz carpenters manufactured the Pressnitz " hook harps " for traveling musicians .

Other employers in the 20th century were a slaughterhouse and a tree nursery as well as the five hotels and three cafes. After 1928, machine-made lace goods were also made - in a factory east of the castle - for linen, knitwear and curtains. There was also the “Trexler Factory” in the city center. Up to 1945 many Pressnitzers worked in agriculture, forestry, the textile industry, in trade, in trade or as civil servants. At times there was a "pipe smithy" and a smelter. There was a brickworks on the Kremsiger. Mining and / or smelting were still carried out in the 19th and early 20th centuries in the “Engelsburg” plant near (Pleil-) Sorgenthal and near the Preßnitzer Vorwerk in the west of Preßnitz in the “Fischer-Zeche” near Orpus. Iron ore was mined and processed here.

Print media

The Erzgebirgszeitung and the Preßnitzer Zeitung were published in Karl Wohlrab's Pressnitzer printing house . The latter was discontinued in 1938 after it became part of the German Reich.

Forestry and forest district Preßnitz

Around 1565 the German emperor and Bohemian king issued a “forest code” for the Preßnitz forests, which was supposed to prevent the excessive consumption of wood for mining and construction. Exports abroad were also banned. In 1826, the new owner, Prince Otto-Viktor von Schönburg-Waldenburg, had a large part of the forest cut down. When Countess Gabriela von Buquoy bought the estate in 1832, the forestry sector picked up again, as it had a number of new roads built and competent foresters were around.

From the time of the Preßnitz rule (until 1918), forestry represented an important branch of business for many Pressnitz people. There was a central (originally manorial) forest administration in Preßnitz and several forest houses in and around Preßnitz:

• Forester's house on the foothills of the Schmiedeberger Spitzberg , former state forest ranger (still exists).
• “New forester's house” (identical to the one at Spitzberg?).
• "Haßberger Revierförsterei" in the east of Preßnitz.
• "Oberförsterei" in the east of Preßnitz (identical to the municipal district forester?).
• Sorgentaler Forsthaus in the forest east of Sorgenthal near the village of Hegerhaus.

Furthermore:

• Forest house west of Orpus .
• Forest house on the (old) road from Preßnitz to Pleil, just before Pleil - at the height of the Kremsiger - south of the road.

After the expulsion of the Germans in 1945/46, the municipality of Preßnitz only had significant income from the management of the approximately 5.3 km² municipal forest.

Agriculture

Potato cultivation was introduced in Preßnitz in 1770, probably in order to overcome regular famines.

Due to the high location (market square approx. 720  m nm ) and the resulting shortened growth period, mainly oats , potatoes , flax , cabbage and rye were grown around Preßnitz . The flax was used by the weavers as raw material, the seeds were most likely processed into oil in the local oil mill.

From 1946 to 1949 an agricultural machinery cooperative was active in Preßnitz. In 1950, an "agricultural unity cooperative" was founded, which was dissolved as early as 1954 and whose ownership was taken over by the "Staatshof Preßnitz". In 1948 the "Agricultural Machine-Tractor-Station for the Weipert District" was also located in Preßnitz.

tourism

At the beginning of the 20th century, many vacationers visited Preßnitz in the summer months to enjoy the beautiful nature and mountain landscape and to go hiking. Ski tourists came to Preßnitz in winter.

Administrative Reforms, Political Events, and Incorporation in the 20th Century

Before 1906, Preßnitz was a district town. In 1906 the Preßnitz district was founded. The administration was opened on the market square opposite the west side of the castle, the so-called district administration. The neighboring town of Weipert , more important industrially since the construction of two railway lines, was now part of the new Preßnitz district.

In 1918, free Czechoslovakia was proclaimed in Prague with the "Three Kings Declaration" . At the same time, German MPs in Vienna demanded the proclamation of the province of German Bohemia . German Bohemia was proclaimed on October 29, 1918, but existed only briefly. The Czech military moved into Preßnitz as early as 1919. The monument to Emperor Joseph II from 1909 was deliberately destroyed.

In parliamentary elections in May 1935, the Sudeten German Party gained weight with 1,410 out of 1,561 votes. In 1937 the market square was renamed Masaryk Square. In municipal elections in May 1938, the Sudeten German Party in Preßnitz achieved 1602 out of 1709 votes.

After German troops occupied the Sudetenland and with it the municipality of Böhmisch Hammer after the Munich Agreement in October 1938, they were incorporated into the Preßnitz district in the Reichsgau Sudetenland on October 10, 1938. As a result, the state border with Hammerunterwiesenthal in Saxony ceased to exist in October 1938. The division of the Preßnitz district planned in 1939 and the incorporation of the Weipert judicial district into the Sankt Joachimsthal district were not carried out until 1945.

In 1938 Austria was incorporated into the German Reich. After the annexation of the Sudetenland after the Munich Agreement to the German Reich in October 1938, who was the district Preßnitz part of the Reich District of Sudetenland become. On January 1, 1943, the Preßnitz district was dissolved and administratively incorporated into the Kaaden district. From 1938 to 1945, the Preßnitz district had become the Preßnitz district as part of the Kaaden district. The German army marched into the Sudeten areas on October 5, 1938 and the Czech military had previously withdrawn. The German population celebrated this event with bonfires. The division of the Preßnitz district planned in 1939 and the incorporation of the Weipert judicial district into the Sankt Joachimsthal district were not carried out until 1945. On May 9, 1945, the Red Army entered Preßnitz. For a short time, Preßnitz and Weipert were administered from Kralowitz . In 1945, a district national committee was founded in Weipert, which finally dissolved the district / district of Preßnitz. In 1945 some street names were also changed. Kaadener Strasse became "Marschall-Stalin-Strasse", Weiperter Strasse became "Red Army Strasse" and the market square became " Masaryk Market Square ". In 1946 Preßnitz tried to form a unified community with Reischdorf and Dörnsdorf, which failed. At the turn of the year 1945/46 the expulsion of the Germans began according to the Benesch decrees . In 1948 several people were expelled from Pressnitz for undesirable political behavior. On December 31, 1948, the Weipert district was dissolved and Preßnitz was assigned to the Kaaden district. Since a new settlement of Preßnitz and its neighboring towns was not successful after the expulsion of the Germans, the villages and hamlets Christophhammer, Köstelwald, Dörnsdorf, Wenkau, Orpus and Reischdorf were annexed to Preßnitz in 1954/1955. In 1960 the Kaaden district including Preßnitz was annexed to the Komotau district. On June 30, 1974, Preßnitz was officially dissolved and its parish area was incorporated into Christophhammer.

Others

From the Second World War there was a prison camp and a labor camp near Preßnitz.

In 1949 a home for Greek children was set up in house number 11 because of the civil war in Greece .

The demolition of Preßnitz and the German film Traumstadt

On June 6, 1973 at 7:27 p.m. the castle and other houses on the market square were blown up with 700 kg of dynamite . This explosion was captured in a Czech documentary and served as the backdrop for the German TV film Traumstadt by director Johannes Schaaf . At the beginning of 1974 only a few houses in Preßnitz were still standing. The town hall was finally torn down. The rubble was used in the Preßnitz dam, a rubble dam .

Villages demolished together with Preßnitz

After the Germans were driven out by the Benesch decrees , the empty villages could not be repopulated with enough Czechs. Therefore the places Christophhammer, Dörnsdorf, Wenkau, Köstelwald, Orpus and Reischdorf were annexed to Preßnitz in 1954/55. In 1960, the Kaaden district with Preßnitz was incorporated into the Komotau district.

With the construction of the Přísečnice dam from 1970, the villages Dörnsdorf , Wenkau / Venkov (?) - near Köstelwald - and Reischdorf were completely isolated and demolished, as they were located in the catchment area of ​​the emerging drinking water dam . Köstelwald and Orpus were only partially relocated. 1979 the areas of Köstelwald / Kotlina with Wenkau / Venkov were incorporated into Měděnec .

Demographics

From 1628 to 1629 29 townspeople left the town of Preßnitz when Bohemia was re-catholicized and lost all of their property. In 1654 a report lists 173 inhabited houses, 40 empty and 23 without further information. 26 farmers and 57 craftsmen or tradespeople are named, who in total were less than a third of the population of Preßnitz at that time. When Maria Theresa introduced house numbers to Preßnitz in 1770, Preßnitz had 346 houses.

Population development until 1945

year	Residents	Remarks
1785	k. A.	352 houses
1830	2677	in 414 houses
1843	3137	German residents in 415 houses, including two Protestant families
1857	2703	on October 31st
1869	2988
1880	3487
1890	3433
1900	4080	German residents
1910	3668	five of them Czechs
1921	2632	including 2541 German residents
1930	2606	including 2450 Germans, 100 Czechs and 54 foreigners
1939	2658

Population since the end of the Second World War

year	Residents
1950	731
1961	660
1970	395
2001	4th
2011	3

In the Second World War , 164 Pressnitzers died in action “for the Führer and the Reich”.

In 1970 there were 107 houses.

When it was abolished on June 30, 1974, the cadastral area of ​​Preßnitz was added to the still existing municipality of Christophhammer. The houses in Pressnitz were not preserved, but Christophhammer is still inhabited today.

Culture and sights

Monuments

Monuments relocated to other places

• 

  Pietà from 1726, now standing at the entrance to the cemetery in Weipert . The former location was the cemetery entrance to the Nikolauskirche in Preßnitz, north of the Nikolaikirche on Kaadner Straße

• 

  Statue of St. Florian from 1724 at the Spritzenhaus in Weipert. The original location was in front of the east side of the Pressnitz Castle

• 

  Holy Trinity statue from 1717 (1713) east of the parish church in Weipert. Former location was in front of the rectory north of the town church

• 

  Baroque statue of St. Maria (Beautiful Maria) from 1753 (according to the inscription) at the current location at the intersection of Silnic II / 223-II / 224 at the Preßnitz dam. The former location was west of the Nikolaikirche cemetery on Dörnsdorfer Weg

• 

  Beautiful Maria, inscription on the base

• 

  Preßnitz Marian column from 1699, moved to Klösterle an der Eger , below the local parish church. The former location was in Preßnitz on the west side of the city park near the market square

In the Weipert cemetery there is also the group of statues “Saint Anna” and “Saint Joseph with Child”, both from 1771. They once stood in the middle of Kaadner Strasse.

A Marian column from 1699 is now located below the parish church in Klösterle an der Eger . It once stood in the park on the east side of the market square and the west side of the city park. It can be assumed that the last Preßnitz priest Jan Netik initiated her transfer to Klösterle, because after the dissolution of the parish Preßnitz he initially worked as a pastor in Klösterle, and the statue of the Madonna is still in the parish church there (around 1500). from the Preßnitz city church of the Assumption.

More displaced monuments are the "Stone Marterle" (stone with metal cross; Kamenny Kriz ) on the road to Schmiedeberg / Kovářská directly at the "Sweden Linde" ( location ) In addition, the common grave remained (umgebetteten) deceased from Preßnitz, Reisch village and Dörnsdorf on the Weiperter forest cemetery preserved.

The memorial to the fallen soldiers of the First World War from the Nikolaikirche cemetery, created by Oswald Hofmann (see Kovarska # Personalities ) has been restored and moved to the community grave in the Weipert forest cemetery. A new memorial plaque for the deceased in Preßnitz, Reischdorf and Dörnsdorf was also placed there.

The so-called “Croatian grave ” ( Hrob Chorvatu ), a stone that bears the year “1635”, is difficult to read, is on a forest path leading to Pleil (exact location?). The historical background is unclear. Before 1945 the grave was prepared, with a stone setting, memorial stone and a stone bench. Today all this is destroyed, but the place is recognizable.

To the right of the new road from the reservoir to Pleil-Sorgenthal there is still the "Hussar Grave " ( Hrob husarů ). It used to be off the old road to Pleil. Today it is said to be on the right hand side of the highest point of the pass of the Preßnitzer Pass . On old maps it is also called the “mass grave” ( Hromadný hrob ). According to tradition, the dead in a battle were thrown into a mining shaft. In 1996 the still existing base of this mass grave was examined, it shows no inscriptions. This stone pedestal is believed to have been the pedestal of a cross. The historical background for this grave is also not known. Today the grave is overgrown with bushes and can hardly be found.

At the southwestern foot of the Haßberg , the restored Karlsbrunnen ( Karlův Pramen ) is still preserved with the year 1914 on a stone.

In the incorporated Reischdorf a restored war memorial from the 19th century has been preserved in the Reischdorfer Flur at the original location.

Lost or destroyed monuments

In 1906 a monument was placed on Emperor Joseph II von Habsburg who stayed in Preßnitz for 25 minutes during a trip to the Ore Mountains. It was set up on the south side of the city park near the castle and market square. The citizens greeted him enthusiastically and erected small memorial plaques in various places. Remains of such a plaque were found in 1998 as fragments at the reservoir at low water. When the province of German Bohemia was proclaimed in 1918 , but this did not exist and Preßnitz was reoccupied by the Czech military in 1919, the monument from 1909 was probably destroyed.

The whereabouts of the statue of St. John Nepomuk, which was originally on the south side of the market square near the town hall, is unknown. The statue from 1719 was damaged in the 1960s and was then stored behind the cemetery wall.

In front of the north-west corner of the castle was a war memorial (for those who fell in the First World War?). This was probably lost or destroyed.

Natural monuments

The Swedish linden tree ( Švédská lípa ) is located on the former Preßnitz – Schmiedeberg road, today Pleil-Schmiedeberg, and is estimated to be 350 years old. Right next to it is the “Steinerne Marterle” ( Boží muka ), a stone pedestal with a cross , moved here from Preßnitz .

Exhibitions and works of art in Pressnitz in museums

In January 1942, four church bells in the city church of the Assumption of Mary were melted down for German armaments production . The remaining "miner's bell" of the Nikolaikirche is today together with other works of art in Pressnitz in the district museum in Chomutov . It was cast in 1878 by the Komotau company Julius Herold Söhne. In the district museum you can also see in the ethnographic collection from Preßnitz: wooden half-columns of the miner's altar of the Assumption Church, a wooden relief grave cross with porcelain plate from 1929, double-sided gingerbread shapes and commemorative medals from 1807 with the coat of arms of Preßnitz. The textile exhibition shows club flags and sashes from Pressnitz musicians. Pedestals as well as pictures and postcards from the former Pressnitz Museum are also on display.

In 2003 an exhibition about Preßnitz took place in Lohr am Main , as many displaced people were relocated there after 1945. Since 1956 there was a sponsorship between Preßnitz and Lohr am Main. The special exhibition from Lohr was shown in 2004 under the title Preßnitz - sunken but not forgotten in the district museum Chomutov.

A late Gothic figure of the Madonna and Child (15th century), which once stood in the south chapel of the Maria Himmelfahrt town church, is now kept in the parish in Klösterle an der Eger .

Postage and seal stamps

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  Seal mark "Mayor's Office Preßnitz", blue (approx. 1850-1923)

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  Seal mark "Mayor's Office Preßnitz", red (approx. 1850–1923)

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  Seal mark "Pressnitz-Weiperter District Committee", red (founded in 1945)

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  Seal mark "Seal of the City of Pressnitz" (approx. 1850-1923)

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  Telegraph stamp of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, stamped "Preßnitz" (1874)

Important and striking buildings in and around Preßnitz

• Castle , (house) no. 1, see below
• Town hall with town hall tower on the market square (south-west corner of the market), No. 2. Housing prison, town hall and district court. Erected around 1530 by the wealthy mine owner and (royal?) Miner Christian Schopf as a representative private house. Use as town hall since around 1554, new building after fire damage in 1759 and 1811 (new building 1813). 1826 new building in Empire style . The town hall tower was only built in 1873.
• City Church of the Assumption on Kirchplatz / Kirchgasse south of the market. Late Gothic new building (without a previous church) 1583–1593. The tower was not added to the north side of the nave at the beginning of the apse until 1608 . Destroyed by fires in 1759 and 1811. New baroque building until 1767 and then rebuilt in 1813.
• Nikolaikirche (cemetery church) at the southern end of Preßnitz on Kaadner Straße. Probably the oldest (parish) church in Preßnitz, location is called "Old Churches" on old maps. Possibly built before 1363 (the Schönburgers' right of patronage mentioned for the Preßnitz church in that year and 1393). Probably built before 1435, rebuilt in 1755. The church was elongated, with a nave with a rectangular presbytery , Gothic windows and a portal with ribbed vaults. On the north side were the coats of arms of the von Bock and von Pollack families, as well as a commemorative plaque from 1910 for the Bohemian humanist Bohuslav von Lobkowitz-Hassenstein, who was buried here in 1510. In the 15th century, Preßnitz's market square is said to have been here with a customs station, forges, horse stables and inns. The church itself was probably a fortified church at that time. In 1962 the burials in this cemetery ended. As early as 1963 the Nikolauskirche was demolished during a new road in Preßnitz-Reischdorf. The excavations carried out in 1973 could no longer clarify all questions about history. Seven graves and finds from the 15th to 19th centuries were found. In addition to an ossuary, the cemetery also contained a crypt of the Kuhn family (family of manufacturers?) And the war memorial for those who died in the First World War.
• (German) elementary and community school , No. 343/344, on the slope of the Heegberg in the west of Preßnitz on the school square. Built as a striking new building in 1898.
• Turnerheim at the sports field on the slope of the Heegberg in the west of Preßnitz on the Rauscherweg. The sports area was opened in 1934.
• Rectory / rectory on the church square south of the market, opposite the north side of the town church with the church tower. Late baroque after 1759, but destroyed by fire in 1811, then new building.
• Hotel Ross (with cinema) on the market square.
• Spitzberger Forsthaus (Neues Forsthaus) west of Preßnitz between Heegberg and Großem Spitzberg (still existing)
• Vorwerk west of Preßnitz in the valley of the Schießhausbach on Joachimsthaler Straße (to Schmiedeberg). After 1910 the Vorwerk was used as the headquarters of the neighboring Fischer colliery.
• Fischer-Zeche , iron mine in the west of Preßnitz in the valley of the Schießhausbach west of the Vorwerk near Orpus. Reopened in 1910. It received the only modern machine shaft with winding tower in the Preßnitz district. The shaft was 55 m deep. 1922 closed as the last mine in the Preßnitz district
• Stately Buquoy'sches brewery (on the western slope of the Haßberg, probably on the Preßnitzbach). Before 1654 there was a royal copper hammer in the same place .
• "Kreditanstalt der Deutschen" on the market square
• Municipal music school (with city library). Corner house No. 227 on Kirchgasse / Kirchplatz opposite the south side of the city church of the Assumption of Mary. New school building from 1896.
• Forge on the Old Ring.
• Old parish on the Alter Ring.
• Municipal brewery (from the 15th century), in the city. Around 1859, Franz Xaver Hodač, the great-grandfather of the famous Czech actress Nataša Gollová , was the tenant of the town brewery for a short time .
• Czech elementary and community school , No. 452, in the south of Preßnitz next to the Nikolaikirche. Opened in 1925. Had a branch in Reischdorf. From 1938 used as a German kindergarten.
• (more stately?) "Karlhof" north of Preßnitz near the Preßnitzbach.
• Manorial Maierhof "Hassenhof" , north of Preßnitz near the Preßnitzbach, already marked on maps of Bohemia from the 17th century. In 1616–1621 by the royal captain of the cameramen of Preßnitz, Samson Schindler von Hohenwald (and Puschhof), inhabited.
• (stately?) "White Court" north of Preßnitz near the Preßnitzbach.
• Rohrschmiede factory (with mill wheel) northeast below the Heegberg on Rohrschiedebach and the old road to Pleil.
• Lohmühle (F. Preis?) At the Nikolaikirche in the south of Preßnitz am Hammerlebach
• "Mauthäusel" , former customs house, on the road below the Haßberger Forsthaus, west of the Haßberg in the Preßnitz valley basin.
• Czech elementary and community school , No. 452, in the south of Preßnitz next to the Nikolaikirche. Opened in 1925. Had a branch in Reischdorf. From 1938 used as a German kindergarten
• Haßberger Revierförsterei / Forsthaus on the southwest slope of the Haßberg.
• Sorgenthaler Forsthaus near the Hegerhaus settlement between Sorgenthal and Christophhammer.
• Preßnitzer Oberförsterei , on the east side of the city.
• Café Roscher .
• Music pavilion in the western part of the city park, west of the castle, east of the market square.
• District Office / District Office , No. 10/11, on the west side of the market square opposite the castle. Opened in 1906, closed in 1938 due to the dissolution of the Preßnitz district.
• Oil mill at the southern end of Preßnitz (in 1861) on the Orpusbach.
• Lohstampfmühle north of Preßnitz am Preßnitzbach.
• Lower mill north of Preßnitz am Preßnitzbach.
• Board mill north of Preßnitz am Preßnitzbach.
• Middle mill north of Preßnitz am Preßnitzbach.
• Ziegelhütte in the Kremsiger mining area east of Sorgenthal.
• Smelter (in 1861) in the north of the Heegberg on the old road to Pleil.
• Ironworks "Castel Sant'Angelo" near Sorgenthal.
• Karl Wohlrab printing house (including the Pressnitzer Zeitung), No. 9 on the west side of the market square opposite the city park.
• Post office , between No. 68 and 74 on Hinterer Herrnhausgasse, later on Marktplatz.
• Tax office on the market square.
• Pharmacy , No. 6, in the middle of the west side of the market square opposite the city park.
• Drugstore , No. 72 or 73, south of the city park on Herrnhausplatz
• Fire department depot, Kaadner Straße, southeast of the market
• Schlachthof am Preßnitzbach in the east of the city center on Schlachthofgasse / Schlachthofwiese
• Outdoor swimming pool / public swimming pool / lido in the west of the city in the valley of the Schießhausbach stream. Opened in 1932.
• unnamed mill (name?) on the stream of the Kempteiche / Altvaterteiche in the west of Preßnitz in 1861.
• Three inns at Marktplatz No. 8, Herrnhausgasse No. 81 and (Kaadner Straße?) No. 133.
• Stadtmühle , No. 88, on Kaadner Straße southeast of the city park.
• Café Zentral with dance hall on the northwest corner of the market square no. 20–21
• Bakeries “Hahn” (no. 83) and “Illing” (no. 80) on Hinterer Herrnhausgasse, and Kühn no. 13 on the north corner of the market square.
• Elevated water tank / waterworks "Bassin" on the Heegberg. Built in 1905. Preserved as a ruin.
• City Museum . No. 373, next to the town hall on Joachimsthaler Straße.
• Branch of the Komotauer Sparkasse in Preßnitz.
• Volksbank Pressnitz
• Knebelsberger-Haus (No. 53), opposite the east side of the castle and the statue of St. Florian. Leopold Knebelsberger , the composer of the Andreas Hofer Lied, lived here for more than 20 years .
• Poor house and isolation hospital at the Nikolaikirche.

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  View of the market square from north to south to the city church of the Assumption (right: tower of the town hall; left: city park)

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  View from the north over the former city, with the city church of the Assumption of Mary. In the background Reischdorf . Before 1945.

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  View from the market square to the south through the town hall square to the town church; left side: (corner house) "Kreditanstalt der Deutschen"

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  Nikolaikirche with city cemetery, 1960 (shortly before demolition)

Wasserburg and Schloss Preßnitz

In the 1520s, Wilhelm von Lobkowitz-Hassenstein built a moated castle with two moats in Preßnitz in the middle of the town's market square in the northern part of the late medieval town. It is described as a mighty tower that was surrounded by some fortifications. The first floor was made of stone and the first floor was made of wood. The fortress-like complex had an irregular hexagonal ground plan, which was surrounded by a defensive wall, the six inwardly open round bastions ( shell towers ) were provided with loopholes for artillery or handguns. A drawbridge led over the moat surrounding the castle. Sources in the surrounding fields supplied two wells in the castle courtyard via water pipes.

In 1650 the water castle, which had already burned down in 1641, was rebuilt as a purely administrative building by the Royal Chamber. The two moats were drained and filled. In 1749 there was a major fire in the town which probably also destroyed the castle again. At the end of the 1740s, the ruinous castle complex was completely torn down.

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  City of Preßnitz in 1591, to the right of the recently built city church of the Assumption of Mary (approx. 1583–1593), the castle can be seen

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  Ground plan of the castle around 1726 (according to Preßnitz - sunk but not forgotten. P. 20: around 1620) after Johann Heinrich Dienebier

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  Moated castle during the Battle of Preßnitz in March 1641, engraving by Matthäus Merian , Frankfurt am Main 1648

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  Battle of Preßnitz, March 1641 (M. Merian). Central the castle

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  Battle of Preßnitz after Pieter Snayers , painting 1644. Central castle

From 1749 to 1754 a late baroque palace was built on the same site, which was called the "Amtshaus". At the time, it was a one-story elongated building that stood just off the east side of the market square. A picture of the city in 1820 shows this building (almost without extensions). This (later south) wing had a towering baroque hipped roof . It was oriented in a west-south direction with a risalit, which with the central main portal pointed to the city park, i.e. to the south. The portal (for people) in the middle of the risalit had a vault stone with the year "1750".

In 1811 there was the biggest fire in the town of Pressnitz. The lock burned down.

In 1813 the Pressnitz Castle was rebuilt and renovated. Two side wings were added. The building (No. 52), which was attached to the rear wing of the castle, on the east side of the north wing (and can be seen on the cityscape from 1820), bore the year "1816" on a portal stone. A fourth wing of the castle, which enclosed the courtyard, was only built during a renovation in the middle of the 19th century. The south wing of the palace had a rounded corner and a risalit with a triangular gable facing the city park. The adjoining hall was decorated with a cross vault . The remaining ground floor rooms were barrel-vaulted with stitch caps or designed as a vaulted area. The first floor had a flat ceiling. The von Buquoy family later had the castle remodeled several times.

In 1826 Otto Viktor I. von Schönburg-Waldenburg bought the rule (and probably also the castle?). He had most of the forest cut down here and sold the Preßnitz rule to Countess Gabriela von Buquoy-Longueval, née von Rotenhan, at Rothenhaus Castle as early as 1832 .

At the end of the 19th century the castle was a four-wing building with the oldest main wing on its south side. This had the highest roof of the entire four-wing building. The other three wings - built later - enclosed a square courtyard and had lower roofs than the south wing. The main portal (for people) was in the risalit of the south wing. Its hall reached into the courtyard. A gate drive into the castle courtyard existed in the middle of the west wing. There were further portals for people on the outside of the north wing and on the eastern extension of the north wing (No. 52).

Preserved structures

The partially underground Preßnitzer waterworks (elevated reservoir, built in 1905) on the Heegberg west of the dam (ruinous; location ) and a forester's house (" Spitzberger Forsthaus ") below the eastern slope of the Spitzberg above the Heegberg ( location ) have been preserved.

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  Bridge on the road from Orpus to Schmiedeberg over the Czech railway line 137 Weipert – Komotau

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  Reischdorf railway bridge

Personalities

(sorted by year of birth)

Born in Preßnitz

• Daniel Putscher (* 1584; † 1641 in Leipzig), 1624 and 1632 rector of Leipzig University, assessor of the High Court of Leipzig and cathedral dean of the Wurzen monastery.
• Father Thaddäus Schweiger (* 1692 in Preßnitz, † 1743 in Prague / Strahov), Premonstratensian, philosopher. Published several pamphlets of theological, legal and philosophical content
• Josef Hager (* 1726; † 1781 in Prague), painter specializing in illusionistic architecture
• Ignaz Walther (* 1726; † 1799 in Preßnitz), Mayor 1792–1799. Master of the Pressnitz harp art. Artist name: "King David". Was the first harp player in Pressnitz and thus the founder of the musical tradition in Pressnitz.
• Anton Seifert (* 1826; † 1873), kk military bandmaster, creator of the Kärntner-Lieder-March
• Alexander Loy (* 1831; † 1893 in Leitmeritz), cultural writer, officer. His humoresques went through many papers in Austria and Germany
• Franz Ludwig the Elder Ä. (* 1848; † 1925 in Graslitz), traveling musician, music director of the Graslitz music school and composer. Performed as a traveling musician in Bosnia and Egypt
• Johann Haßner (* 1854; † 1902 in Vienna), Kapellmeister, founder of the Preßnitz City Museum
• Richard Margrave (* 1869; † 1916), fossil collector and paleontologist
• Gustav Haas (* 1890; †), academic engraver, creator of small sculptures, graphic artist
• Eugen Sänger (* 1905; † 1964 in Berlin), rocket technician

Associated with Pressnitz

• According to various sources, Nikolaus Chudy von Lobkowitz (or Bohuslaus von Lobkowicz) is said to have been buried in the Preßnitzer Nikolaikirche (cemetery church) in 1435.
• Bohuslaus Lobkowicz von Hassenstein (1461–1510), famous humanist and poet in Bohemia, was allegedly buried next to his father in the Preßnitz family crypt after his death. On the north side of the Nikolaikirche (cemetery church) there was once a memorial plaque that commemorated his burial here in 1510.
• Georg Meyer (16th century): Bergmeister von Preßnitz and Kupferberg. Author of a book on mining.
• Christian Schopf, mine owner and mining captain, had a magnificent building built in Preßnitz around 1530, which was later used as the town hall. A stone at the entrance showed the year 1554 and a miner with a mallet and iron.
• Matthias von Scharffenberg, around 1546/47 and then royal governor at the Preßnitz moated castle.
• Samson Schindler von Hohenwald and Puschhof, royal captain of the Preßnitz cameramen, lived here on the Hassenhof from 1616 to 1621 and ran copper, silver and iron works here. In 1621 he was expropriated for participating in the uprising of the Protestant nobility .
• Christian Lehmann (1611–1688), chronicler of the Ore Mountains, reported for the first time in detail about the Preßnitz mining area in his war chronicle of the Teutschen .
• Christian Meyer, owner of the hammer mills below Jöhstadt. 1645 Mine owner in the Kremsiger mining area (near Pleil-Sorgenthal).
• Matthäus Merian , made the copper engraving Battle of Preßnitz in Frankfurt am Main in 1648 about the legendary Battle of Preßnitz in the Thirty Years War.
• Karl Maschauer, author of a mountain map from 1720, which shows one of the oldest known representations of Preßnitz.
• The von Bock family (18th / 19th century), cloth makers from Pressnitz and family of mayors. Some family members got involved socially. A Bock poor foundation existed in Preßnitz until 1945. This family's coat of arms existed at the Nikolaikirche.
• Anton von Kayser (1748–1754), Pressnitz chief magistrate
• First name? Peithner von Lichtenfels , reports in 1780 on the decline of the Preßnitz silver and iron mines.
• Count Kaspar Maria von Sternberg (1761–1838), reported in 1836 in his work The emergence of the small town of Preßnitz and its mines, located in the area of ​​the Bohemian Crown, on the Pressnitz mining industry and quoted from a report by a Pressnitz miner from 1583. That The original was unfortunately lost, but the Joachimsthaler Bergbuch reports on this book in 1723.
• Karl Stülpner (1762–1841), Saxon folk hero, lived for a time in Preßnitz and married here and had a family here. Around 1810 he ran an inn in the neighboring village of Christophhammer. He died in Preßnitz in 1841.
• Anna Maria Görner (* 1764; †), first female musician in Pressnitz, who earned money playing music at the Leipzig Trade Fair and thus became a role model for other Pressnitzers. She was called Singres Annamidl (singing girl Anna).
• Countess Marie Gabrielle von Buquoy-Longueval (or Gabriella von Buquoy), née von Rothenhan , (* 1784 in Vienna, † 1863 in Prague), married to Count Georg Franz August von Buquoy-Longueval, was the owner of the Preßnitz estate with its seat since 1832 in Preßnitz Castle, also owner of Rothenhaus Castle . It promoted the local iron industry and forestry. Because of her social commitment she was called "Angel of the Ore Mountains" by the people. She is buried in the family crypt at Rothenhaus Castle. The place Gabriellahütten , which no longer exists today, was named after her. A well that still exists at the Spitzberger Forsthaus today bears the name "Gabriela-Brunnen" after her.
• Ferdinand Stamm (1813–1880), teacher, educator, writer, journalist, entrepreneur, politician. Including an open letter to the women of Bohemia . Editor of a magazine in Vienna. Member of the Reichstag who worked on the constitution of the German Reich. Local politician in Chomutov.
• Leopold Knebelsberger (1814–1869), composer of the Andreas Hofer Lied, lived in Preßnitz for many years. His wife was a native press carver.
• Andreas Magerl (* 1844 in Godrusch; † 1926 in Brunnersdorf), teacher, author of the first Preßnitzer Heimatkunde The judicial district of Preßnitz in 1906.
• Wilhelm Rauscher, founder of the private Preßnitz music school in 1882, which became the municipal music school in 1896.
• Hans Schöft (* 1865 in Dobrzan near Pilsen, † 1913 in Preßnitz), doctor and later mayor of Preßnitz. Initiates u. a. 1905 the construction of the elevated water tank and the new water pipe. Honorary citizen of the city of Preßnitz
• Josef Hoßner (* 1874 in Leskau ad Eger; † 1935 in Preßnitz), teacher and local researcher for the area around Preßnitz, chronicler of the city. The "Hoßner-Allee" was named after him after Reischdorf. Author of several books.
• The Flader couple. Mrs. Flader came from a humble background in Pleil. She married the owner of the fire extinguishing equipment factories in Jöhstadt and Sorgenthal, Hans Flader (1879–1935). Mrs. Flader was charitable in the times of high unemployment around 1930 in Pleil-Sorgenthal and Preßnitz.
• Oswald Hofmann (* 1890 in Schmiedeberg ; † 1982 in Munich), sculptor, created the memorial on the Schwedenheide (near Schmiedeberg) and the war memorial for those who died in the First World War in the Preßnitz cemetery (restored and now installed in the Weipert forest cemetery).
• Alfred Mittelbach (* 1891 in Hohenofen near Görkau; † 1969 in Memmingen), teacher and chronicler of the city. Author of the book Alte Heimat - Der Kreis Preßnitz (1964).
• Jan Netik († 1996), last priest from Preßnitz. stayed here until the city church of the Assumption of Mary was demolished. He was buried in the Vtelno cemetery (Mělnické Vtelno in the Mělník district ).
• Emil Müller, 1931–1945 director of the city music school. Constructed a one-hand flute for war invalids.
• Eveline Müller (* 1933 in Reichenberg; † 2002 in Munich), lives in Lohr am Main with her husband Hans Müller, historical researcher on Preßnitz mining and music. Eveline came from the old musical family in Pressnitz and grew up taking music lessons.
• Nancy Thym-Hochrein, American from Auburn / California. Lives in Freising / Bavaria since 1978. Folklorist and musical ethnologist. Researched the Pressnitz harp playing and appeared herself as the “Pressnitz harp girl”. She owns a collection of hooked harps from Pressnitz .
• Franz Ferdinand Mayer, married the Pressnitzer Theresie Kampf / Kempf. Important porcelain painter. The ponds at Heegberg were named after the Kampf / Kempf family.

Home association of the Preßnitzer in Lohr am Main

After the Germans were forced to resettle in Preßnitz in 1945/1946, many people from Preßnitz were resettled in Lohr am Main . In 1946 there were said to have been around 359 people. In 1955 they founded the "Heimatverband der Preßnitzer". The city of Lohr took over in 1960 (according to other sources on August 5, 1956) a “sponsorship”, a kind of unilateral city partnership, for the then still existing city of Preßnitz.

The home association of the Preßnitz people has set itself the goal of preserving the historical heritage and memory of the town of Preßnitz. Regular meetings are organized in Lohr am Main. There were exhibitions and school classes from the Czech Republic traveled to them. Important dates are published in the privately published magazine Mei Erzgebirg (RA Günther, Augsburg) in the Heimatblatt issue for the districts of Preßnitz-Weipert and St. Joachimsthal . This magazine has been published since 1953.

literature

• Royal freye mountain town of Pressnitz . In: Joseph Eduard Ponfikl (ed.): Complete outline of a topography of the Saazer Kreis in the Kingdom of Bohemia . Fourth volume. Carl Wilhelm Enders, Prague 1828, p. 295–305 ( digitized in the Google book search).
• Willy Ludewig: The mining in the area of ​​the rule Hassenstein-Preßnitz . In: Friedrich Köhler (Ed.): From the silver Erzgebirge. Annaberg district . tape 1 . Glückauf-Verlag, Schwarzenberg 1938, p. 101-107 ( full text ( memento from June 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive )).
• Josef Hoßner: The music maintenance in Preßnitz . In: Nordwestböhmischer Gebirgsvereins-Verband (Hrsg.): Erzgebirgs-Zeitung. Monthly for folklore and local history of Northwest Bohemia . 7th and 8th issue of the 42nd year, July – August. Teplitz-Schönau 1921, p. 103-104 ( digitized version ).
• Eveline Müller, Hans Müller: Musicians from Preßnitz all over the world . 1993-1994. In: Sudetendeutsches Archiv (Hrsg.): Yearbook for Sudetendeutsche Museums and Archives . Munich 1994, ISBN 3-930626-04-7 , pp. 193–218 ( online ( memento of August 28, 2016 in the Internet Archive )).
• Josef Fehnl: Pressnitz, the city of musicians . In: Sudetendeutscher Presseverein (Hrsg.): Sudetenpost . Volume 8, Volume 9. J. Wimmer Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft mb H, Linz May 4, 1962, p. 4 ( digitized version [PDF; 8.8 MB ]).
• Franz Ambrosius Reuss : The silver mining near Presnitz . In: Mineralogical and mining remarks on Bohemia . Christian Friedrich Himburg, Berlin 1801, p. 612–616 ( digitized in the Google book search).
• Bernd Schreiter : The home book of the Preßnitztal. Verlag Bernd Schreiter, Arnsfeld 2015.
• Various authors (including Stanislav Ded): Přísečnice - zatopena, ale nezapomenuta / Preßnitz - lost but not forgotten. Anthology, Chomutov Regional Museum, 2004, ISBN 80-239-3286-1 .
• Franz Dittrich: The district administration Preßnitz (1909-1910 / 1939). In: Mei 'Erzgebirge'. Heimatblatt for the districts of Preßnitz-Weipert and St. Joachimsthal, 59th year, April 2012, No. 691, p. 8, self-published by Ralph A. Günther, Augsburg (on the administration of Preßnitz in the kk monarchy and the construction of the Reischdorf Pressnitz train station).
• Josef Hoßner: History of the Preßnitz rule . 1932.
• Christian Lehmann : War chronicle of the Teutschen (around 1645), reprint: Scheibenberg, 1999 (contains descriptions of the mining industry near Preßnitz).
• A. Magerl: The judicial district of Preßnitz. A local history for home and school. 1906.
• Hans Müller: Notes on the history of the royal free mountain town of Preßnitz in Bohemia. Munich 2001.
• Hans Müller: Contribution to answering the question of the existence of a royal mint in Preßnitz in the first half of the 14th century. Munich 2002.
• Václav Pinta: Kremsiger Mountains. History rudného dolování v přísečnickém revíru. 2001, ISBN 80-238-6963-9 (mining area "Kremsiger" near Pleil-Sorgenthal northwest of Preßnitz).
• A. Pöschl: Forget the Hamit net - Pressnitz. Ober-Ramstadt 1997.
• J. Spinler: Small local history of the Preßnitz district. 1943.
• Jiří Úlovec: Zaniklé hrady, zámky a tvrze Čech. I. Prague 2000 (Czech; information on the Pressnitz Castle).
• Guide through the central Ore Mountains. 1913 (information about Preßnitz)
• Around the Keilberg. Regensburg, 1973, 1986, 1989 (information about Preßnitz)
• Alfred Mittelbach: Old Home - The Preßnitz District. Ed .: Home association of the Preßnitzer in Lohr / Main. 1964.
• Nancy Thym-Hochrein: Wanderharfner and Harfenjule. The hook harp in German-speaking countries. Folk-MICHEL 3, pp. 18-22. 1992 (Contributions to the music history of the Pressnitz harp girls).
• Bernd Schreiter: Hammer works in the Preßnitz and Schwarzwassertal. Arnsfeld / Erzgebirge, 1995.
• Josef Lowag: The occurrence of silver-bearing galena, cobalt and nickel ore near Preßnitz in the Bohemian Ore Mountains. In: Austrian magazine for mining and metallurgy. Born in 1903.
• Franz Herzberg: Contributions to the geological knowledge of the Pressnitz ore deposit. Dissertation. Verlag v. Craz & Gerlach, Freiberg 1910.
• Willi Ludewig from Annaberg: Mining in the area of ​​the Hassenstein-Preßnitz rule. In: Contributions to the history of mining in the Upper Ore Mountains. VII. Glück-Auf Verlag Schwarzenberg 1938. (From the Silver Ore Mountains - Annaberg district - Volume 1)
• Communications from the Association for the History of Germans in Bohemia. Vol. 4, Issue 3, (1866?): Report by Count Chamberlain and Chief Mint Master Franz K. Graf von Pöttering 1775 (on the Preßnitz ore deposits).
• Rudolf Anděl : A col. Hrady, zámky a tvrze v Čechách, na Moravě a ve Slezsku: Severní Čechy. Volume III. Nakladatelství Svoboda, Prague 1984. Chapter Přísečnice - zámek. Pp. 394-395 (Czech).
• Tomáš Durdík : Ilustrovaná encyklopedie českých hradů. Libri, Prague 2002, ISBN 80-7277-003-9 , p. 462 (Czech).
• Jiří Crkal: Tvrz a zámek v Přísečnici. In: Jana Kuljavceva Hlavová, Oldřich Kotyza, Milan Sýkora: Hrady českého severozápadu. Ed .: Ústav archeologické památkové péče severozápadních Čech, 2012, ISBN 978-80-86531-10-6 , pp. 9–37.
• Ladislav Jangl: On the question of a Pressnitz mint in the middle of the 14th century. 1977.
• F. Selner: Statistical tables of the Pressnitz district. 1861.
• Pressnitz Memorial Book, 1694–1746
• Joachimsthaler Bergbuch from 1723 (it reports from the lost work "Origin of the small town of Preßnitz and its mines in the area of ​​the Bohemian Crown")
• Josef Hoßner: Legends of the Preßnitzer district and home booklet of the Preßnitz district . , between 1874 and 1935

Web links

Commons : Přísečnice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Bresnitz in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

• Virtual reconstruction of Preßnitz ( Memento from August 29, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) ( Reconstructkce zaniklé obce Přísečnice ; English)
• Preßnitz near Zaniklé obce (Czech)
• Preßnitz in old views on YouTube
• Preßnitz and the places in the Preßnitz district in postcard views
• The Preßnitz district and its places
• Map of the school district of Preßnitz

Individual evidence

• (V) Přísečnice - zatopena, ale nezapomenuta / Preßnitz - submerged but not forgotten. Chomutov Regional Museum, 2004, ISBN 80-239-3286-1 . (Czech German)

1. ↑ Chapter History. P. 14–18, especially p. 16: “German literature always locates the original Preßnitz on the Kremsiger.” And p. 63: “It is worth mentioning that Preßnitz originally stood on the Kremsiger Berg near the top of the pass…”.
2. ↑ Chapter History. S. 12. Altitude information for Preßnitz 725 m above sea level. NN, distance from Heegberg 1200 m on p. 32.
3. ↑ Chapter History. P. 12.
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w} Map of the Preßnitz district by Friedrich Selner from 1861, p. 83.
5. ↑ ^{a b c} chap. Natural conditions. Pp. 6-11.
6. ↑ Hammerberg near Dörnsdorf, p. 82.
7. ↑ Reconstruction map of the Pressnitz town center, pp. 40/41.
8. ↑ chap. Natural conditions (Čestmír Ondráček), climate in the Preßnitz valley basin, p. 6.
9. ↑ Pressnitz first mentioned 1335, p. 14.
10. ↑ Spelling of the name in Pressnitz, p. 13.
11. ↑ Meaning of the name, p. 13.
12. ↑ p. 14.
13. ^ Accessories of the Preßnitz rule, p. 17.
14. ↑ Capture of Hassenstein Castle p. 17.
15. ↑ Patronage right of the Schönburger in the Preßnitz church, p. 16.
16. ↑ Destruction of the settlement in the Hussite Wars, pp. 62–63.
17. ^ Accessories of the Schönburg-Pürsteiner Herrschaft Preßnitz, pp. 17-18.
18. ^ Battle for the Preßnitzer Nikolauskirche 1468, p. 18/115.
19. ↑ Bohuslaus Lobkowicz von Hassenstein's funeral p. 18, construction of the Preßnitz castle p. 19.
20. ^ Grafen Schlick, p. 20 and 113, Rathaus Preßnitz built under Christian Schopf p. 112.
21. ↑ Royal mining town and award of coat of arms, p. 20.
22. ^ Governor Matthias von Scharffenberg, Free Royal Mining City a. a, pp. 20-21.
23. ↑ Governor Samson Schindler von Hohenwald and Puschhof, p. 21 u. 111
24. ↑ Sweden and the Battle of Preßnitz pp. 22–23 / 25, Captain Karl von Echynk p. 25, Swedish General Thorstenson p. 25/63.
25. ↑ New construction of the castle and backfilling of the trenches p. 26, New construction of the single-wing baroque castle p. 27, illustration of the original castle structure (with the city) in 1820, p. 90.
26. ↑ City fires in the years 1746/1759 and 1811, pp. 27/29/112 (Christian Schopf), Anton von Kayser p. 108 under Franz Ferdinand Mayer
27. ↑ City fires in the years 1746/1759 and 1811, pp. 27/29/112 (Christian Schopf), war events, p. 63.
28. ↑ House numbers introduced, p. 115.
29. ↑ Napoleonic Wars and Conversions of the Baroque Palace, pp. 29–30.
30. ↑ Gabriela von Buquoy, pp. 30–31 / 105
31. ↑ Preßnitz war events of all centuries p. 63, troop movements p. 34/43.
32. ↑ The Buquoy-Gut until 1945, p. 31.
33. ↑ Last uses and demolition of the castle, p. 50.
34. ^ History of the ore mining district of Preßnitz. P. 86.
35. ^ History of the ore mining district of Preßnitz. Pp. 90-91.
36. ↑ On the Preßnitzer Mint and the Preßnitzer Groschen pp. 14–15, Map of the Kremsiger mining area (with “Alte Münzstätte K8”) p. 14.
37. ↑ Plan of the town center of Preßnitz, pp. 40–41.
38. ↑ p. 30.
39. ↑ p. 36.
40. ↑ chap. "The city on the Passweg", Preßnitzer Handelsstraßen p. 58.
41. ^ Reischdorf train station. P. 32.
42. ↑ Planning a railway line Sonnenberg – Preßnitz – Schmalzgrube, p. 112 under entry Dr. Hans Schöft
43. ↑ Fischerzeche p. 90.
44. ↑ Pressnitz bus routes, pp. 35–36.
45. ↑ new (?) Water pipe for Preßnitz, p. 32 and p. 112.
46. ↑ Gas light and electric light for Preßnitz, p. 34.
47. ↑ Recatholization p. 22.
48. ↑ Gewerbeschule, pp. 31–32.
49. ↑ Music School, p. 32.
50. ↑ Volksschule pp. 35/36/116, illustration on p. 46.
51. ↑ Czech School p. 35 u. 43-44.
52. ^ Agricultural school p. 45.
53. ^ Forest school p. 50.
54. ↑ Stadtamt p. 31, bathing establishment p. 21.
55. ↑ New slaughterhouse p. 112.
56. ↑ p. 36.
57. ↑ Trade and commerce on the map of the city center, pp. 40–41.
58. ↑ Guest houses p. 37.
59. ↑ p. 35.
60. ↑ Map of the city center, p. 37.
61. ↑ various authorities: u. a, p. 31/36/86, plan of the center of Preßnitz p. 40–41, plan of the market square p. 37.
62. ↑ Czech associations in Preßnitz, p. 35.
63. ↑ Josef Hoßner p. 106.
64. ↑ chap. "City of Music": musical associations p. 93.
65. ↑ Chapter Some Pressnitz chapels. P. 101.
66. ↑ Chapter Music City. P. 95.
67. ↑ Chapter Musikstadt , Hakenharfen p. 94.
68. ↑ Nancy Thym-Hochrein pp. 113-114.
69. ↑ Pressnitz professions in 1654, p. 25.
70. ↑ p. 35.
71. ↑ Illustrations of the Fischer-Zeche, p. 42 and p. 91.
72. ↑ Erzgebirgszeitung, p. 106.
73. ↑ Pressnitzer Zeitung, p. 44.
74. ↑ Preßnitz Forest Regulations p. 21.
75. ↑ Preßnitz Forestry under Gabriella von Buquoy, pp. 30–31.
76. ↑ p. 48.
77. ↑ Potato cultivation introduced in 1770 p. 28.
78. ↑ Agriculture p. 12.
79. ↑ Line cultivation and processing p. 28.
80. ↑ agricultural cooperative p. 48.
81. ↑ Tourism p. 12.
82. ↑ District administration Preßnitz p. 32/34 / 43–46 / 48/50
83. ↑ Camp near Preßnitz, p. 45.
84. ^ Home for Greek Children, p. 48.
85. ↑ Demolition of Preßnitz and Film Traumstadt pp. 50–51.
86. ↑ Incorporation of neighboring towns to Preßnitz 1954/55, p. 48.
87. ↑ Recatholization p. 22 u. 25th
88. ↑ House numbers introduced, p. 115.
89. ↑ p. 44.
90. ↑ Development of the population and the number of houses in Preßnitz, p. 53.
91. ↑ p. 50.
92. ↑ Illustration of the statue of St. Florian in front of the Pressnitz Castle, p. 53.
93. ↑ Map of Preßnitz with the locations of the monuments, pp. 40–41.
94. ↑ The relocated Pressnitz statues and Pressnitz monuments. Pp. 69-71.
95. ↑ Priest Jan Netik p. 50, statue of the Virgin Mary in the parish church of Klösterle an der Eger, illustration p. 72.
96. ↑ Pressnitz monuments. P. 71.
97. ^ Memorial to the Fallen by Prof. Oswald Hofmann, illustration on p. 71.
98. ↑ Kroatengrab, p. 25, illustration on p. 71.
99. ↑ Husarengrab / Massengrab, pp. 27/62.
100. Jump up ↑ Monument to Emperor Josef II von Habsburg pp. 40–41, p. 34 (with illustration), pp. 27–28.
101. ^ Statue of Johannes von Nepomuk, p. 37 (plan), p. 51 older illustration and information
102. ↑ Schwedenlinde p. 11.
103. ↑ p. 18, p. 45, p. 51.
104. ↑ Figure of Mary of the Assumption Church p. 51, illustration p. 72.
105. ↑ Pressnitz Town Hall, pp. 27/29/30/36/39/112, illustrations, pp. 33/39/49/67
106. ↑ Preßnitzer Stadtkirche Mariä Himmelfahrt pp. 18/21/27/29, illustrations, pp. 38/39/74/76
107. ↑ Preßnitzer Nikolaikirche p. 16/18/19/50/62 illustrations, p. 16/33/39
108. ↑ Volks- und Bürgererschule p. 116, illustrations, p. 46/68/75
109. ↑ Sports field p. 35.
110. ↑ Pfarramt p. 27/29 illustration, p. 49.
111. ↑ Hotel Roß p. 36, illustrations, p. 49/67.
112. ↑ Neues Forsthaus / Spitzberger Forsthaus, illustration, p. 42.
113. ↑ Vorwerk, p. 90, illustration, p. 42.
114. ^ Fischer-Zeche bei Orpus, p. 90, illustrations, p. 42/91.
115. ↑ Herrschaftliches Brauhaus, p. 26/27, illustration, p. 48.
116. ↑ Kreditanstalt der Deutschen, illustration, p. 38.
117. ↑ Neue Städtische Musikschule, pp. 97/116, illustration, p. 97.
118. ↑ ^{a b} Old Parish and Smithy on the Old Ring, illustration on p. 39.
119. ↑ Städtisches Brauhaus p. 32, Alte Pfarrei am Alten Ring, illustration, p. 39.
120. ↑ Czech School, illustration, p. 36.
121. ↑ Samson Schindler von Hohenwald and Puschhof on the Preßnitzer Hassenhof, p. 21/111.
122. ↑ Mauthäusel, illustration, p. 42.
123. ↑ Czech School, illustration, p. 36.
124. ↑ Haßberger Forsthaus, illustration, p. 42-third image-
125. ↑ Café Roscher, illustration, p. 44 - Procession to the Assumption of Mary in front of the café -
126. ↑ City park with music pavilion, pp. 36/37.
127. ↑ District Office / District Office, illustration, p. 67.
128. ↑ Printer Karl Wohlrab p. 36/96.
129. ^ Pharmacy, two illustrations, p. 49.
130. ↑ Strandbad p. 35, illustration, p. 76.
131. ↑ Plan of the Pressnitz city center, p. 41.
132. ↑ Plan of the Pressnitz city center, p. 41.
133. ↑ Wasserwerk (elevated tank "Bassin"), p. 112/116, two illustrations, p. 71.
134. ↑ Plan of the Pressnitz city center, water tank "Bassin" p. 41.
135. ↑ Plan of the Pressnitz city center, p. 41, City Museum p. 36 and p. 105 under "Johann Haßner"
136. ↑ Komotauer Sparkasse in Preßnitz, p. 35.
137. ↑ Volksbank Preßnitz, p. 35.
138. ↑ Bohuslaus Lobkowicz von Hassenstein's funeral p. 18, construction of the Preßnitz castle p. 19.
139. ↑ New construction of the castle and backfilling of the trenches p. 26, New construction of the single-wing baroque palace p. 27, illustration of the original palace structure (with the city) in 1820, p. 90.
140. ↑ City fires in the years 1746/1759 and 1811, pp. 27/29/112, war events, p. 63.
141. ↑ Napoleonic Wars and Conversions of the Baroque Palace, pp. 29–30.
142. ↑ Chronology of Pressnitz, p. 116.
143. ↑ Kapellmeister Anton Seifert p. 111.
144. ↑ Prof. Eugen Sänger, p. 110.
145. ↑ Bohuslav von Lobkowitz on Hassenstein, p. 107.
146. ↑ Bohuslav von Lobkowitz auf Hassenstein, Burial in or near the Nikolaikirche, p. 18.
147. ↑ Samson Schindler von Hohenwald, p. 111.
148. ↑ Stülpner Karl, p. 28 and p. 113.
149. ↑ Countess Gabriella von Buquoy, pp. 30–31 and p. 105.
150. ↑ Lohr sponsorship and founding of the Preßnitz home association, p. 52.

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1. ↑ Katastrální území Přísečnice. In: Územně identifikační registr ČR. Retrieved July 20, 2019 (Czech). 
2. ↑ ^{a b} brooks and ponds on a map of the school district of Preßnitz . Retrieved August 13, 2019.
3. ↑ Zdeněk Hojda: The battle for Prague 1648 and the end of the Thirty Years War . In: Klaus Bußmann, Heinz Schilling (Ed.): 1648: War and Peace in Europe . tape 1 . Münster 1998, ISBN 3-88789-127-9 , pp. 403-412 ( online version of the article at lwl.org [accessed June 17, 2016]).
4. ↑ Lohr's first sponsored town, Pressnitz in the Ore Mountains. In: pressnitz.de. Retrieved June 17, 2014 . 
5. ↑ Petr Lissek et al.: Investigation of the Kremsiger mining settlement in 2013. In: State Office for Archeology Saxony (Ed.): ArchaeoMontan 2014. (= work and research reports on the preservation of Saxon land monuments. Supplement. 29). Dresden 2014, pp. 160–166, here: p. 166.
6. ^ Willy Ludewig: Mining in the area of ​​the rule Hassenstein-Preßnitz. Pp. 101-107.
7. ↑ Bernd Schreiter: Hammer works in the Preßnitz and Schwarzwassertal. Forays through the history of the Upper Ore Mountains issue 14, Annaberg-Buchholz 1997, p. 16 (PDF; 200 KB) ( Memento from February 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive ).
8. ↑ 140 years of the Komotau – Weipert railway. In: Mei Erzgebirge. 59th year, April 2012, No. 691, RAGünther Augsburg, p. 22.
9. ^ Franz Dittrich: The district administration Preßnitz (1909-1910 / 1939). In: Mei 'Erzgebirge'. Home page for the districts of Preßnitz-Weipert and St. Joachimsthal, 59th year, April 2012, No. 691, p. 8, self-published by Ralph A. Günther, Augsburg (on the construction of the Reischdorf-Preßnitzer train station).
10. ↑ komotauarchiv.de Parish Preßnitz
11. ↑ ^{a b c} Ralf Heimrath: Traveling musicians from Bohemia in the Upper Palatinate . In: Oberpfälzer Kulturbund (Hrsg.): Festschrift for the 35th Bavarian Nordgau Day in Vohenstrauß . No. 35 , 2004, pp. 234 ( digitized version [PDF; accessed on June 15, 2016]).
12. ↑ ^{a b c d} Eveline Müller: Musicians from Preßnitz all over the world.
13. ↑ Joseph Eduard Ponfikl: Royal freye mountain town Preßnitz. ... p. 300.
14. ^ Ralf Heimrath: Traveling musicians from Bohemia in the Upper Palatinate. ... pp. 234-235.
15. ^ Teophil Pisling: Volkswirthschaft and Arbeitsspflege in the Bohemian Ore Mountains . Kober & Markgraf, Vienna / Prague 1861, The musical proletariat ( digitized version ).
16. ↑ Josef Fehnl: Preßnitz, the city of musicians. ... p. 4.
17. ↑ From Baghdad to Stambul. Karl May's travel experiences. (PDF) Karl May-Gesellschaft e. V., April 3, 2013, pp. 121–122 , accessed on September 16, 2016 .  
18. ↑ reischdorf.lima-city.de forest houses near Pleil and Orpus on a German-language school card
19. ↑ Dream City on YouTube
20. ↑ Jaroslaus Schaller : Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 7: Saatzer Circle. Prague / Vienna 1787, pp. 168–169, number 1 ( digitized in the Google book search).
21. ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 198, point 5 below ( digitized in the Google book search).
22. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 14: Saaz Circle. Prague 1846, p. 163 ( digitized in the Google book search).
23. ↑ Statistical overviews of the population and livestock in Austria . Vienna 1859, p. 41, left column ( digitized in the Google book search).
24. ↑ Pressnitz . In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition. Volume 16, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1908, p.  290 .
25. ^ ^{A b c} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Preßnitz. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
26. ^ Genealogy network Sudetenland ( Memento of July 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive ).
27. ↑ Historický lexikon obcí České republiky - 1869-2015. (PDF) Český statistický úřad, December 18, 2015, accessed on June 16, 2016 (Czech). 
28. ↑ Various authors (including Stanislav Ded): Přísečnice - zatopena, ale nezapomenuta / Preßnitz - lost but not forgotten. Anthology, bilingual. Regional Museum Chomutov, 2004, ISBN 80-239-3286-1 , p. 30

Coordinates: 50 ° 27 '55.1 "  N , 13 ° 7' 54.7"  E