Rossiysky zheleznye dorogi

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Rossijskije schelesnyje dorogi (RŽD)

logo
legal form Stock corporation (OAO)
founding October 1, 2003
Seat RussiaRussia Moscow , Russia
management Oleg Belosjorov (President)
Number of employees 711,000 (2019)
sales 2.252 billion rubles (22.5 billion euros )
Branch Transport / logistics
Website www.rzd.ru
As of July 11, 2020

Sapsan in Saint Petersburg

The Rossijskije schelesnyje dorogi ( Russian Российские железные дороги ; short: РЖД ; German: Russian Railways , short: RŽD or RZhD) is the state railway company of the Russian Federation .

organization

The main routes of the RŽD
Local train ED4M from the manufacturer Transmaschholding , in which RŽD is involved

The RŽD is organized as an open joint stock company (Russian Открытое акционерное общество, Otkrytoje akzionernoje obschtschestwo , abbreviation OAO ). It is divided into regional railway companies and operates a route network with a total length of around 85,200 kilometers with a gauge of 1520 mm . Of these, 22,000 kilometers are electrified with 25,000 V alternating voltage (50 Hz) and 18,800 kilometers with 3000 V direct voltage. The head office is in Moscow . It also runs the All-Russian Research Institute for Rail Transport with the test track at Shcherbinka south of Moscow.

Since June 1, 2008, the RŽD has been operating the railway in Armenia for an initial 30 years under the name Harawkowkasjan Jerkatughi ( Russian : Yuzhno-kawkaskaja schelesnaja doroga), after winning a corresponding tender. At least $ 570 million will be invested during this period, 70 percent of which will be in infrastructure.

Before August 1, 2018, the timetables of the RŽD always indicated Moscow time , regardless of which of the country's eleven time zones .

history

RŽD, which was founded on September 18, 2003 by resolution of the government of the Russian Federation, took over the part of the railway infrastructure and vehicles of the Soviet railways located in Russia .

The interweaving of state and entrepreneurial tasks, the cross-subsidization of deficit business areas as well as the low technical quality and the low level of comfort for passengers were the reason for a railway structural reform. In the first stage from 2001 to 2002 , government and entrepreneurial tasks were separated. On October 1, 2003, the transformation of the railway company into a stock corporation was initiated. The entrepreneurial tasks went into a so-called open stock corporation. It was spun off from the former Ministry of Railways (Ministerstwo Putej Soobschenija, Министерство путей сообщения). The corporation took over the entire railway assets.

The second stage from 2003 to 2005 was aimed at promoting competition in freight transport, increasing administrative efficiency and reducing cross-subsidization of passenger transport. Numerous subsidiaries were founded and a new tariff system was introduced. Each division has been accounting separately since 2004.

In the third phase from 2006 to 2010 (investment phase), a holding company was formed for two freight transport companies and one passenger transport company. The then Prime Minister of Russia , Vladimir Putin , announced in 2008 an extensive railway development program until 2030 with investments of 380 billion euros. These funds will be used to purchase new locomotives and wagons and build 20,000 km of railway line. This should also give remote regions a rail connection.

Regional breakdown

The RŽD consist of 16 regional railways:

Primorye , Khabarovsk , Jewish Autonomous oblast , oblast Amur (partial), Jakutien , Sachalin
Vladimir Oblast , Nizhny Novgorod , Kirov Oblast , Mari El , Chuvashia , Udmurtia , Tatarstan (partial), Mordovia (partial), Bashkortostan (partial), Perm region (in part), Sverdlovsk Oblast (partial)
Kaliningrad Oblast
Krasnoyarsk Region , Irkutsk Oblast (partially), Kemerovo Oblast (partially)
Transbaikalia Region , Amur Oblast (partially)
Omsk oblast , oblast Tomsk , oblast Novosibirsk , Altai , Kemerovo (partial)
Buryatia , Irkutsk Oblast , Transbaikalia Region (partially)
RŽD electric multiple unit ED4MKM
Electric DC locomotive VL10 of the South Urals regional department

Routes planned or under construction

statistics

The fixed assets of RŽD in 2019 amounted to 2.9 billion euros .

passenger traffic

Development in billion passenger kilometers

In 2019, 1.2 billion passengers used the RZD. 20,600 passenger cars (2016) were available for this. The transport figures in passenger transport continue to fall slightly, as does the share in this segment of the transport market. In 2017, the railways had a share of 25% here, a decrease of 2% compared to the previous year. The number of travelers in 2017 rose by 7.8% compared to the previous year to 1,118 million. High-speed traffic achieved the highest growth rates (31.6%), although with 12.4 million passengers it only accounts for around 1% of total passenger traffic (other long-distance traffic: 8% / 90 million travelers, suburban traffic: 91% / 1016 million). Traveler). 10% of travelers alone were carried on and within the inner Moscow railway ring. Passenger trains are usually operated by the regional railway companies. This does not apply to long-distance trains of national importance (such as the sleeping car courses on the Trans-Siberian Railway). They are operated directly by the Federal Passenger Company ( Федеральная пассажирская компания ), which also operates the nationwide booking and ticket systems. The locomotives are provided by the local companies and are often changed several times on longer routes due to the different power systems .

Freight transport

In 2019, RZD's share of goods transport in Russia was 46%, with 1.3 billion tons of freight being transported. The number of container units ( TEU ) transported was just over 5 million.

passenger traffic

inland

RZD is the largest transport company in Russia. In domestic traffic, Russia, like the Soviet Union, is and was a classic country of night and sleeper trains due to the great distances between the settlement centers in long-distance traffic. This is still the major part of the offer in long-distance passenger transport. The cars used are gradually being replaced by new buildings, including double-decker sleeping cars.

After the modernization of the infrastructure and the acquisition of new vehicles that make it possible to drive at higher speeds, "fast day trains" are increasingly being offered in long-distance transport. Most of them offer seats. This happens over distances of 500 to 700 kilometers. The system was introduced in 2010. In 2017, 12.1 million travelers used these connections. In 2019, long-distance day trains ran on the following routes, among others:

At the Metallostroy depot , southeast of Saint Petersburg

Measures taken by the RZD during the COVID-19 pandemic are presented in a call by the RZD to its passengers.

International connections

The Strizh in Berlin Ostbahnhof

Since the lines in Russia have the broad gauge of 1520 mm, the railway networks of Central and Western Europe and China have normal gauge of 1435 mm, the wagons of international trains usually have to be re- gauged at these borders . An exception are trains to Finland and Mongolia , whose trains also run on broad gauge. Since 2006, a joint venture there with the Finnish State Railways named Karelian Trains that since 2010 the traffic between Helsinki and St. Petersburg with high-speed trains running.

history

Originally, it was therefore necessary to change trains at the border stations. The first lane changing sleeping cars were procured in 1953, but were not yet RIC- compatible. The first RIC sleeping cars with aprons were delivered from 1959. From 1967, the first 24.5 m long sleeping cars followed the UIC -Y standard , which were equipped with air conditioning for the first time. The cars delivered from 1972 onwards had a pressure ventilation system. The last UIC-Y series followed in 1978, again with air conditioning. All of these RŽD sleeper cars that can be used throughout Central and Western Europe were developed and built by Waggonbau Görlitz in the 20th century .

From 1994, 80 modern 26.4 m long UIC-Z sleeping cars (WLABmee) with air conditioning were delivered, the GP200 bogies of which enable a top speed of 200 km / h. The sleeping cars generally have three-bed compartments for universal occupancy with one to three passengers. Some of the cars built in 1994 have been converted into luxury sleeping cars (WLSRmee) and now have four large two-bed compartments with private bathrooms and a bar. These are used on the Moscow - Berlin - Paris and Moscow - Nice routes.

Until around 2012, wagons with four-bed compartments and the larger Russian vehicle boundary profile to Bulgaria and Poland, and earlier also to the GDR , were used. They were manufactured from 1948 to 1998 in the Ammendorf , Görlitz and Bautzen wagons . These wagons were overrun and could only be used on certain routes in the standard gauge network. Since 2014, 200 new RIC sleeping cars with four-bed compartments (WLABmz) developed by Siemens Rail Systems have gone into operation . The wagons are manufactured in the Siemens plant in Vienna - Simmering , the standard gauge bogies in Graz and the broad gauge bogies in the Twer wagon building of the Transmashholding . They have meanwhile replaced most of the older types for the transition to the European standard gauge network.

All RŽD cars used in the standard gauge network are sleeping cars . In all of these vehicles, the car body is lifted off the bogies in the border station at the transition to the other gauge and placed on the bogies of the other gauge.

present

Since the timetable change on December 17, 2016, trains with adjustable wheelsets have been running for the first time between Moscow and Berlin, which pass through a gauge change system in Brest Zentralny station without having to change the wheelsets. They are Talgo trains operated by the RŽD. They operate under the train name Strizh or in Russian Стриж ( Common Swift ). Overall, however, the international traffic of the RŽD has declined sharply since 2014. In the first half of 2019, however, the number of passengers on international connections rose again by 12.7% from the sharply lower level. The connections to Mongolia (+ 16.9%) and the St. Petersburg – Helsinki route (+ 16%) contributed most to this. There was also a slight increase in traffic with Germany (+1.3%). In the 2018/2019 annual timetable, 22 countries outside Russia will be served.

Passengers in the international traffic of the RŽD
year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Travelers (in millions) 20th 20th 20th 19.4 10.9 7.6 7.3 7.1

The considerable decrease in international traffic in 2013/2014 is related to the discontinuation of almost all RŽD trains to Ukraine in the wake of the Crimean crisis . In 2014, due to the massive drop in passenger numbers, the majority of the trains in Russian-Ukrainian traffic were discontinued, with the exception of the continuous RŽD train to Chișinău (via Kiev and Tiraspol ) being operated by the Ukrainian State Railways.

While there used to be sleeper connections from Moscow to almost all capitals in Central and Eastern Europe, these connections have been greatly reduced in recent years. When the timetable changed on December 17, 2016, most of the courses in the Balkans were discontinued. Further adjustments are being considered. The following connections abroad with RŽD wagons exist in 2019:

In addition, there are connections from Moscow to Latvia , Ukraine , Tajikistan and North Korea , which are not operated by RŽD but by the respective state railways. In addition to the RŽD trains, trains of the respective state railways to Russia also run in numerous post-Soviet neighboring states of Russia.

Freight transport

In 2007 the subsidiary Perwaja Gruzowaja Kompanija (PGK, Freight One), which received around 244,000 freight wagons (a quarter of the total), and in 2010 a second subsidiary, Wtoraja Gruzowaja Kompanija (WGK, Freight Second), which received 156,000 freight wagons, were established for freight transport. founded. In October 2011, nearly 75 percent of PGK's shares were sold to billionaire Vladimir Lissin's UCL holding .

JSC Federal Freight , founded on August 26, 2010, claims to be one of the largest cargo operators in Russia.

In March 2008, the joint venture Trans Eurasia Logistics GmbH (TEL) was founded between RŽD and DB AG to market the planned Trans-Eurasia-Express container train . This company has the goal of gradually building up the Trans-Eurasia-Express as a block train between Europe, Russia and China and takes over the coordination between the participating railway companies.

Foreign activities in the infrastructure sector

railroad

In 2019, RZD built on infrastructure projects in Cuba , Serbia , Mongolia and Armenia . In a number of other countries it was involved in joint ventures .

In North Korea , RŽD participated in the expansion and operation of the cross-border route from the Russian Chassan to Rajin and in the construction of a container terminal in Rajin.

In Libya, a subsidiary of RŽD has been building the Sirt – Benghazi high-speed railway since 2008 . With the beginning of the uprising in Libya, construction work was stopped.

In May 2009, RŽD founded a joint venture with the Ukrainian and Slovakian railways and ÖBB to examine the possibility of extending the broad-gauge Uzhhorod – Košice railway line by 600 kilometers to Vienna . For this purpose, Breitspur Planungs GmbH is founded in Austria, in which the four railway companies hold equal shares.

Other

In 2009, the subsidiary Alpine-RZDstroy GmbH was founded with the Austrian construction company Alpine Holding in order to jointly carry out infrastructure projects, such as new buildings for Sochi in 2014 .

literature

  • Oleg Nikitin: Activities of FPC JSC for the Developement of International Railway Passenger Traffic . In: OSJD Bulletin 1–2 / 2017, pp. 10–13.
  • Oleg Nikitin: Results in the FPC JSP Activities in the Field of Passenger Traffic in 2016-2017 and Preparation for the Transportation of Passenger to the FIFA World Cup in 2018 . In: OSJD Bulletin 6/2017, pp. 30–35.
  • Oleg Nikitin: UNECE Resolution No. 264: Priorities for the Development of International Railway Passenger Transport . In: OSJD Bulletin 2/2018, pp. 27–31.
  • Dimitry Pegov: Passenger Transportation in Russia Today: Problems, Solutions, Objectives . In: OSJD Bulletin 5–6 / 2018, pp. 20–27.

Web links

Commons : Russian Railways  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Benjamin Triebe: Excuse me, is the special train still running from Moscow? nzz.ch, August 22, 2015, accessed on August 22, 2015
  2. ↑ Annual Report 2015 (English)
  3. ^ The Company
  4. ↑ Eurailpress: "RŽD: Start of the rail business in Armenia", June 4, 2008 ( Memento of the original from January 19, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.eurailpress.de
  5. ↑ mr: local time instead of Moscow time . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International, issue 7/2018, p. 363
  6. ^ Railway reform in Russia too . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International , issue 12/2003, p. 542 f.
  7. ↑ See Andrej Solotnitzki, Features of the Railway Reform in Russia , in: Bahn-Report , Issue 1/2009, p. 10, publisher: Interest Group Rail Transport eV, Rohr
  8. ↑ Eurailpress: "Big Investments in the Russian Railways"
  9. ^ Russian military is building new railroad to bypass Ukraine by August. In: sputniknews.com. April 20, 2016. Retrieved July 23, 2016 .
  10. ↑ It is no longer possible to cross Donbass: Russia is moving rails. In: sputniknews.com. April 25, 2015, accessed July 23, 2016 .
  11. ↑ BELKOMUR Project
  12. ↑ ОАО «РЖД» сегодня | Компания. Retrieved June 16, 2020 .
  13. ↑ Pegov: Passenger Transportation , p. 20: 2016: 124.5 billion passenger kilometers; 2017: 122.9 billion passenger kilometers.
  14. ^ RZD: Russian Railways: Present and Future . In: OSJD Bulletin 2/2020, pp. 1-8 (1).
  15. ↑ Nikitin: Activities , p. 10.
  16. ^ Pegov: Passenger Transportation , p. 20.
  17. ^ Pegov: Passenger Transportation , p. 21.
  18. ^ Pegov: Passenger Transportation , p. 26.
  19. ↑ https://fpc.ru/
  20. ^ RZD: Russian Railways: Present and Future . In: OSJD Bulletin 2/2020, pp. 1-8 (1).
  21. ^ RZD: Russian Railways: Present and Future . In: OSJD Bulletin 2/2020, pp. 1-8 (4).
  22. ↑ Nikitin: Results , p. 34.
  23. ↑ Nikitin: Results , pp. 33f.
  24. ↑ Andrei Nikolayevich Jagowkin (Andrey Nikolayevich Yagovkin): Prospects continued he Developement of Fast Speed and High-Speed Railway Traffic in the Russian Federation . In: OSJD Bulletin 5–6 / 2019, pp. 30–34.
  25. ^ RZD: Information of RZD OJSC for passengers . In: OSJD Bulletin 2/2020, p. 42.
  26. ↑ Sleeping car for the Russian Railway Company (RZD) , Siemens AG, June 28, 2012
  27. ↑ NN: The "Strizh" train has made its maiden trip from Moscow to Berlin . In: OSJD News Archive, accessed on July 15, 2017.
  28. ↑ RZD press release: Increase in international passenger traffic volumes on the railway Network of te Russian Railways JSC . In: OSJD Bulletin 4/2019, p. 36.
  29. ^ Pegov: Passenger Transportation , p. 21; RZD press release: Increase in international passenger traffic volumes on the railway Network of te Russian Railways JSC . In: OSJD Bulletin 4/2019, p. 36.
  30. ↑ Information from Nikitin: Activities , p. 12; ders .: Results , p. 30; ders .: UNECE Resolution , p. 28.
  31. ^ Nikitin: Activities , p. 12.
  32. ↑ pass.rzd.ru: International routes , accessed on November 18, 2019
  33. ↑ Cf. Igor Belov, Russische Güterbahnen im Aufbruch , in: Güterbahnen, Issue 4/2011, p. 42f, publisher: Alba Fachverlag, Düsseldorf, ISSN  1610-5273
  34. ↑ JSC (English) ( Memento of the original from May 9, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / eng.railfgk.ru
  35. ↑ Trans Eurasia Logistics company information ( memento of the original dated August 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.trans-eurasia-logistics.com
  36. ^ RZD: Russian Railways: Present and Future . In: OSJD Bulletin 2/2020, pp. 1-8 (6).
  37. ^ André Ballin: Clear the way for a new broad-gauge track to Vienna , in: Russland-Aktuell, May 28, 2009
  38. ↑ OTS.at: ALPINE Bau GmbH and RZDstroy establish infrastructure joint venture (January 29, 2010)
  39. ↑ ALPINE-RZDstroy receives 100 million ruble order (May 31, 2010) ( Memento of the original from February 6, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.alpine.at