Schöneiche near Berlin

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the community of Schöneiche near Berlin
Schöneiche near Berlin
Map of Germany, position of the community Schöneiche near Berlin highlighted

Coordinates: 52 ° 29 '  N , 13 ° 42'  E

Basic data
State : Brandenburg
County : Oder-Spree
Height : 45 m above sea level NHN
Area : 16.73 km 2
Residents: 12,789 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 764 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 15566
Area code : 030
License plate : LOS, BSK, EH, FW
Community key : 12 0 67 440
LOCODE : DE SNI
NUTS : DE415
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Dorfaue 1
15566 Schöneiche near Berlin
Website : www.schoeneiche-bei-berlin.de
Mayor : Ralf Steinbrück ( SPD )
Location of the community Schöneiche near Berlin in the Oder-Spree district
Bad Saarow Beeskow Berkenbrück Briesen Brieskow-Finkenheerd Diensdorf-Radlow Eisenhüttenstadt Erkner Friedland Fürstenwalde/Spree Gosen-Neu Zittau Groß Lindow Grünheide Grunow-Dammendorf Jacobsdorf Langewahl Lawitz Briesen (Mark) Mixdorf Müllrose Neißemünde Neuzelle Ragow-Merz Rauen Reichenwalde Rietz-Neuendorf Schlaubetal Schöneiche Siehdichum Spreenhagen Steinhöfel Storkow Tauche Vogelsang Wendisch Rietz Wiesenau Woltersdorf Ziltendorf Brandenburgmap
About this picture

Schöneiche near Berlin is a municipality in the northwest of the Oder-Spree district in Brandenburg .

geography

Schöneiche borders on Berlin (districts Friedrichshagen and Rahnsdorf ) as well as the communities Hoppegarten (district Münchehofe ), Neuenhagen , Fredersdorf-Vogelsdorf , Rüdersdorf and Woltersdorf . The immediate Berlin neighborhood is exclusively wooded, while the Schöneiche estate borders directly on the outskirts of the city.

Community structure

The community includes the residential areas Birkenheim, Fichtenau, Grätzwalde, Hohenberge, Kleinschönebeck and Siedlung an den Fuchsbergen

Today's community Schöneiche emerged from the earlier villages Schöneiche and Kleinschönebeck, which were merged on April 1, 1939 under the name Schöneiche, as well as the colonies of Fichtenau, Grätzwalde, Hohenberge and Birkenheim.

history

Early history to the Middle Ages

In the area of ​​today's Schöneiche, settlements seem to have existed in unbroken succession since the Neolithic , as excavations confirm. Around 1930, excavation work at the Kleinschönebecker Mühle produced finds from around 4500 BC. Chr. To 2000 v. BC salvaged. During the excavations of the Berlin Märkisches Museum in 1936/1937, a settlement of the Lausitz culture was found near Weidensee . In addition, an urn field from the same time (800 BC) was uncovered on an area belonging to Kleinschönebeck and Woltersdorf . Furthermore, finds from the late Roman Empire were uncovered. From the 5th century there are Slavic settlements at the Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ .

In 1250, Cistercian monks built their first water mill in the area of ​​Fichtenau .

Beautiful oak

In 1376 Schöneiche was first mentioned as Schoneyke and Schoneyche in the Landbuch of the Mark Brandenburg . The village was owned by the Berlin citizen Schlegel (Slegel) and Hans and Peter Lietzen (Litzen). The place consisted of a knight's seat (12 hooves ) as well as 12 farms and three cottages . In 1429 Schlegel's property was in the possession of the Lietzen heirs. Klaus Lietzen exchanged his Schöneich property for that of a Stofenow (also Stavenow; Biesow on the Oberbarnim ). When he died shortly afterwards, his widow sold the Schöneiche estate to Jacob Heidecke, a citizen of Berlin. In 1450 Schöneiche belonged to the city ​​of Berlin (until 1451) and Friedrich II. From 1480 Schöneiche became the property of a man named Hobeck , then the von Quast family.

Kleinschönebeck

In 1375 (Klein) Schönebeck was first mentioned as Schonebeke and Schonenbeke in the Landbuch of the Mark Brandenburg. The owner of Kleinschönebeck (45 Hufen; 10 Kossatenstellen ) was the Cölln citizen Glase (Glasow). In 1450 Kleinschönebeck was owned by the sovereign Friedrich II. In 1480 it became the property of a Schulboth , a servant of the margrave . After that, possibly at the beginning of the 16th century, when Margrave Jost von Moravia sold Altlandsberg to the von Krummensees , the town passed into the possession of the town of Altlandsberg . The exact year has not yet been determined. Although the residents of Schönebeck did not take part in the fighting of the Peasant War , they were affected by the increased exploitation by their owners after the defeat.

Early modern age

Schöneiche village

Castle Church
Old roughage store
Schöneiche Palace around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection

In 1527 the widow of Hans von Krummensee received the village of Schöneiche with all rights as a widow's seat from Elector Joachim I. Two years later, the von Krummensee family was enfeoffed with the place. The Krummensee built the first permanent house, a knight's seat surrounded by a stone wall opposite the church. Since 1541 the place has been called Schöneiche in the springs . In 1610, Elector Johann Sigismund confirmed the enfeoffment of the Krummensee in the person of the brothers Hans and Hartwich von Krummensee.

In the Thirty Years' War Schöneiche was unlike, say, the neighboring village Woltersdorf , barely affected. In 1655 Georg Grätz moved from Seeberg to Schöneiche. By marriage he came into the possession of a farm, which today is the oldest surviving farmhouse and museum of local history. In 1690 the Krummensee had to sell Schöneiche for financial reasons (consequences of the Thirty Years War). The buyer was "on revocation" by their relative, the Polish and Electoral Saxon General Christian Dietrich von Röbel auf Hohenschönhausen. However, according to the later pastor Babick, his wife Maria Ludmilla von Kupfer was the buyer. Röbel seems to have led a strict regime, among other things he forbade the sale of beer in jugs before 4 p.m. (except to travelers) and after 9 p.m., for which the Kruger was also made liable. He also forbade cutting or collecting wood. As Hans Adam von Krummensee decided not to buy it back, the village finally became Röbel's possession in 1701.

After two years in possession of the Hake on Rangsdorf , the Secret Council Severin Schindler acquired the Schöneiche estate. From this year he had the church renewed, which was expanded in the Baroque style and got a tower. Schindler also had a school set up. In 1726 he hired Johann Friedrich, the first schoolmaster for the 35 school-age children. In addition, he donated a valuable library of "Christian and edifying literature" which the pastor administered and which was set up in the castle church. A third of the collection is still preserved today, including several Bibles from the 16th and 17th centuries with the title woodcuts by Lucas Cranach III. In 1725, Schindler issued several ordinances, including detailed school rules and a decree for the poor that forbade begging in town. In 1730 Schindler established an orphanage. After his death (1737) and the death of his widow in 1746, a large part of the considerable fortune went to a foundation in favor of the orphanage. The village of Schöneiche also belonged to the capital.

The foundation's curators soon moved the orphanage to Berlin and sold the village of Schöneiche to the banker Segebarth in 1747. In 1749, by order of Frederick II, a roughage store was built for the royal cavalry . The building is now a listed building . The widow Ann Regina Segebarth sold Schöneiche in 1753 to Auguste von Oerzen, who was also widowed. Since the latter had only partially met their payment obligations in 1756, they tried to capitalize on Schöneiche's rich wood stocks. However, this displeased the previous owner, who had the court forbidden. She then sold the Schöneiche estate to the bailiff Puhlmann in 1759 . On July 7, 1761, the court banker Friedrich Wilhelm Schütze , one of the richest citizens of Berlin, acquired the village of Schöneiche.

Lützowhaus

Schütze had a new castle, a park and a wax bleaching facility built for the manufacture of candles. The products went mainly to the Berlin royal court, but also to the royal courts of Portugal , Spain and Italy . In 1760, against the resistance of the Schöneicher , he pushed through the division of the meanings (pastures, meadows), whereby the far greater part fell to him. After Schütze died in 1794, he was buried in the castle church, where Johann Gottfried Schadow erected a tomb for him . In 1809, after the battle near Dodendorf, the seriously wounded Adolf von Lützow was nursed to health in the manor's house; a cast iron plaque reminds of it to this day.

Kleinschönebeck

Old village green of Kleinschönebeck before the renovation in 2011
Village church of Kleinschönebeck

In the 15./16. The village church was built in the 19th century . In 1541 the place was called Klein Schonbecke , in 1624 it is mentioned as Klein Schönebeck , in 1683 again only Schönebeck , but with the note that the place is generally called Klein Schönebeck . In a general mortgage lending letter from Elector Johann Georg , the village is again shown as the possession of the Krummensee in 1572. In 1592 the Krummensses also bought the Kleinschönebecker mill. In 1621 the Grätz family moved from Seeberg to Kleinschönebeck. In the following years they provided the village mayors and helped determine the fate of the place. In the same year, Georg Schmidt, the first pastor known by name, died . On December 21, 1643, the Krummensees sold Kleinschönebeck to Georg Friedrich Lotho von Trotten, who in 1651 sold it to Erasmus Seydel. This in turn sold the village on July 3, 1654 to the imperial baron Otto von Schwerin . In 1708 the rule Altlandsberg became the property of King Frederick I above. Until the beginning of the 19th century, Kleinschönebeck belonged to the Altlandsberg as a domain. In 1778, Raymund Dapp, one of the most important figures in local history, became pastor in Kleinschönebeck and the associated branch offices in Schöneiche and Münchehofe. From around 1784 to 1837, first Johann Heinrich Lübke and then his son Johann Friedrich Lübke were schoolmasters of the village school. In 1793 an industrial school was built on the initiative of Pastor Dapp . He received support from the sexton Lübke and his wife. The school imparted not only theoretical, but also practical knowledge such as horticulture, spinning and knitting. However, this should only be education for work, not gainful employment in school. So he rejected the request of the school authorities that the school should pay for itself from the proceeds from work. The village mayor Grätz and the royal minister Otto von Voss provided further assistance . A mulberry tree plantation also goes back to the Dapps initiative, of which two trees still stand today.

20th century until today

Brandenburg Street

At the time of National Socialism , 170 Jews of the approximately 5000 inhabitants of the village were expelled with the help of the local authorities. There is evidence that the mayor at the time, the tax office and many others benefited from the eviction. Around 80 people managed to emigrate , the remaining Jews were deported to ghettos or concentration camps . None of the survivors or emigrants came back. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, around 70 Jewish emigrants had come to the town by 2005. They founded the 'Schtetl' association, which was set up in the former fire station. In 1953, on the initiative of Berlin Bishop Wilhelm Weskamm, the Episcopal Pre-Seminary was founded here, which, in conjunction with other locations such as Magdeburg or on the Huysburg, was supposed to remedy the lack of training facilities for Catholic theologians in the GDR.

After 1989, the memorial and educational facility established during the GDR era in the former Reichsparteischule of the KPD "Rosa Luxemburg" was closed and the building was redesigned into a residential building.

In 2012 the Buddhist monastery Wat Sanghathan was founded.

Population development

Population development of Schöneiche near Berlin from 1875 to 2017 according to the adjacent table
year Residents
1875 0 276
1890 0 305
1910 0 880
1925 1 594
1933 2 143
1939 9 153
1946 8 799
1950 9 561
1964 9,970
year Residents
1971 10 175
1981 09 241
1985 08 906
1989 08 354
1990 08 199
1991 08 169
1992 08 151
1993 08 228
1994 08 619
year Residents
1995 09 428
1996 10 013
1997 10 363
1998 10 806
1999 11 155
2000 11 299
2001 11 397
2002 11 493
2003 11 702
year Residents
2004 11 871
2005 12 004
2006 12 047
2007 12 112
2008 12 129
2009 12 111
2010 12 196
2011 12,000
2012 11 990
year Residents
2013 12 014
2014 12 154
2015 12 311
2016 12 337
2017 12 494
2018 12 666
2019 12 789

Territory of the respective year, number of inhabitants: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census

politics

Local elections 2019
Turnout: 66.4% (2014: 53.2%)
 %
30th
20th
10
0
20.9%
17.5%
15.9%
15.1%
12.2%
7.1%
5.1%
3.9%
UBS a
Nice f
New forum
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
 10
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
+ 9.2  % p
-5.7  % p
-3.4  % p
+ 0.5  % p
+ 5.8  % p
+ 7.1  % p
+ 2.4  % p
-3.3  % p
UBS a
Nice f
New forum
Template: election chart / maintenance / notes
Remarks:
a Independent Citizens Schöneiche / Citizens Alliance Nice Oak
f Schöneicher list

Community representation

The community council of Schöneiche consists of 22 community representatives and the full-time mayor. The seats are distributed as follows:

Party / group of voters 2014 2019
Independent Citizens Schöneiche / Citizens Alliance Nice Oak 5 5
The left 5 4th
SPD 4th 3
CDU 3 3
Alliance 90 / The Greens 1 3
Nice list - 2
FDP 1 1
New Forum Brandenburg 2 1
Schöneiche volunteer fire department 1 -
All in all 22nd 22nd

mayor

Ralf Steinbrück (SPD) was elected in the mayoral election on December 11, 2016 with 51.9% of the valid votes for a term of eight years.

coat of arms

The coat of arms, designed by heraldist Frank Diemar , was approved on September 19, 1995.

Blazon : "Split by silver and green, inside a rooted oak with four fruits in mixed up colors."

Sights and culture

Heimathaus on the village green

The list of monuments in Schöneiche near Berlin includes the monuments entered in the list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg.
The list of natural monuments in Schöneiche near Berlin contains all natural monuments of the municipality.

Attractions

Beautiful oak

Kleinschönebeck

Fichtenau

music

Since 1970 there was a youth wind orchestra in Schöneiche. This united in 1990 with the Fürstenwalder Jugendblasorchester to form the 1st Brandenburg Guard Brass Band Corps Fürstenwalde . Today there is its own music school in Schöneiche, where a wide variety of instruments are taught. It is housed in the Helga Hahnemann House and creates numerous cultural highlights in the area. Since 2004, the Schöneiche music festival has been held annually on a Saturday in spring .

theatre

The local amateur theater group Theater from Schöneiche ( Thasch ) regularly performs pieces in the cultural foundry .

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Schöneich tram, 1911

Schöneiche is on the state roads L 302 between the Berlin city limits and Rüdersdorf and L 338 to Neuenhagen . The closest motorway junction is Rüdersdorf on the A 10 (eastern Berlin ring).

In the spring of 1910, construction work on the Schöneich tram began. The meter-gauge line was 5.6 kilometers long and led to Berlin-Friedrichshagen train station . On November 5, 1912, the tram was extended to Kalkberge . On May 30, 1914 the line was electrified.

The tram runs as line 88 to this day. Since the political turnaround , the rail network, the catenary masts, the depot and the wagon stock have been continuously modernized by purchasing used vehicles.

Schöneiche is via the bus line 161 of the Berlin public transport with the S-Bahnhof Berlin-Rahnsdorf and the train station Erkner connected. Line 420 of the BOS runs from Schöneiche via Woltersdorf to Erkner.

Sports

Probably the most popular club in the area is the Germania 90 football club , which emerged from the previous club ZBE Landbau Schöneiche after reunification . In the 2016/17 season, the club played in the Northeast Football League (North Season) . For economic reasons, the team was canceled from the league. In the 2017/18 season she plays in the two divisions lower Landesliga Brandenburg.

Another successful local club is TSGL Schöneiche , whose first men's volleyball team has played in the 2nd Bundesliga since 2007 . The B1 Bowler Schöneiche play with several teams in the Brandenburgliga, several players and youth players took part in the German Bowling Championships.

phone

At the beginning of the 20th century, the chairman of the Schöneich landowners association, Ernst Schulze, worked as senior telegraph secretary in Berlin-Friedrichshagen . He made sure that the place was connected to the local telephone network, Kleinschönebeck joined this connection. With the formation of Greater Berlin in 1920, both communities were included in the Berlin telephone network. This means that the Schöneicher telephone connections are part of the Berlin local network and can be reached under the area code 030.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the church

Personalities associated with Schöneiche

Raymund Dapp memorial stone
Lisa Buckwitz at the reception in her honor after returning as Olympic champion in March 2018

In the place lived and worked:

Familys

  • Knight of Krummensee , former owner of both places
  • Family Kralove, long in Schöneiche detectable peasant family, including name to the district Kralove forest . Most recently represented by Helmut Grätz as local pastor.

literature

  • Municipality board of Klein Schönebeck (ed.), Felix Havenstein : Klein Schönebeck and his colonies Fichtenau, Grätzwalde, Hohenberge , 1930.
  • Felix Havenstein: Klein Schönebeck and its history , 1935.
  • Kleinschönebeck - Schöneiche in the evolution and change of history , 1934.
  • Felix Havenstein : Schöneiche in seven centuries , undated
  • Various: Schöneiche 1375–1975 , Schöneiche 1975.
  • Working group local history and monument preservation Schöneiche (Ed.): Schöneicher Baudenkmale. Schöneiche 1984.
  • Günter Preckel: The church library in Schöneiche , Weiden 1987.
  • Community administration Schöneiche (Hrsg.), Heinz Biskup: A walk through Schöneiche b. Berlin , Bock & Kübler: Woltersdorf 1992.
  • Heinz Biskup : Schöneiche in old views. Volume 1. European Library, Zaltbommel 1993 (= The Damals Series), ISBN 90-288-5602-1 . [2. Edition 1997]
  • Schöneiche - today and tomorrow , Schöneiche 1993.
  • Ivo Köhler: Railways to Schöneiche and Rüdersdorf , Berlin 1997.
  • Heinz Biskup: Schöneiche in old views. Volume 2. European Library, Zaltbommel 1999 (= The Damals Series), ISBN 90-288-6578-0 .
  • Christina Felber , Ines Jerratsch, Helge Martini: Schöneiche near Berlin. A chronology through history , Schöneiche: Bock & Kübler, 2000, 248 pp. ISBN 3-86155-108-X .
  • Schöneiche and its art monuments , undated
  • Municipal administration (ed.): Schöneiche in seven centuries , undated
  • Jani Pietsch : I owned a garden in Schöneiche near Berlin: the managed disappearance of Jewish neighbors and their difficult return , Campus, 2006, 279 p. ISBN 3-593-38027-7 - ISBN 978-3-593-38027-8 .

Schöneicher booklets

In the series with the subtitle Small series on the past and present of Schöneiche and the surrounding area (up to volume 9 in Individuell Verlag, then self-published), individual topics from the history and culture of the place are dealt with. The local writer and member of the historical advisory board of the place, Wolfgang Cajar , is in charge of the creation, and he also wrote or contributed to a large part of the volumes published so far:

  1. Christina Felber, Gisela Fischer, Regina Flikschuh, Helge Martini, Ekkehard Brühn , Wolfgang Cajar , Gerhard Schwellnus: Gastronomy in Schöneiche since 1900. (2005), ISBN 3-935552-14-9 .
  2. Writing workshop Schöneiche: a tower in the middle of the world. Stories from the Schöneiche writing workshop. (2006), ISBN 3-935552-15-7 .
  3. Wolfgang Cajar: Waters in and around Schöneiche near Berlin. (2006), ISBN 3-935552-16-5 .
  4. Christina Felber, Wolfgang Cajar, Ekkehard Brühn, Gerhard Schwellnus, Gisela Fischer, Regina Flikschuh: 300 years of Schöneich school history. (2007), ISBN 978-3-935552-18-9 .
  5. Christel Matz: On the history of the GPG "Flora" Schöneiche 1959 - 1990. 30 years of development of horticulture in Schöneiche near Berlin under the conditions of the GDR and how things continued after the fall of the Wall. (2007), ISBN 978-3-935552-19-6 .
  6. Ekkehard Brühn, Gerhard Schwellnus, Christina Felber, Helge Martini: Streets and ways. A street directory of the community Schöneiche near Berlin. (2011), ISBN 978-3-935552-39-4 .
  7. Wolfgang Cajar: Bildgiesserei Seiler GmbH. Timeline. (2011), ISBN 978-3-935552-40-0 .
  8. Wolfgang Cajar: A short cultural history of the trees in Schöneiche. (2012), ISBN 978-3-935552-41-7 .
  9. Wolfgang Cajar: Story (s) about the Schöneich Weidensee. (2013), ISBN 978-3-935552-42-4 .
  10. Wolfgang Cajar: Village hikes through the Gutsdorf Schöneiche and the farming village of Kleinschönebeck. (2015).
  11. Wolfgang Cajar: History of the Schöneiche forest villa colony. (2015).
  12. Association of Heimatfreunde Schöneiche: village whispers. (2015).
  13. Wolfgang Cajar: History of the Kleinschönebecker Colony Fichtenau. (2015).
  14. Wolfgang Cajar: History of the Egelpfuhle in Schöneiche. (2016).
  15. Wolfgang Cajar, Christina Felber: Designer of the Schöneich townscape. Architects, civil engineers, landscapers. (2016).
  16. Wolfgang Cajar: Schöneiche then and now. A photo book. (2017).
  17. Wolfgang Cajar: Tree stories. Trees tell a story. (2017).
  18. Wolfgang Cajar: The Grätzes. Story of a Kleinschönebeck peasant family. (2017).
  19. Wolfgang Cajar, Ekkehard Brühn: Housing development in Schöneiche. (2017).
  20. Wolfgang Cajar, Ekkehard Brühn: Health care before and after the World War and in the period of change. (2018).
  21. Wolfgang Cajar: Stories of Houses and People (I). (2018).
  22. Wolfgang Cajar: Stories of Houses and People (II). (2018).
  23. Wolfgang Cajar: Stories of Houses and People (III). (2018).

Web links

Commons : Schöneiche near Berlin  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Schöneiche near Berlin  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
  2. ^ Service portal of the state administration Brandenburg. Schöneiche community near Berlin
  3. ↑ Statistics of the German Reich, Volume 450: Official municipality directory for the German Reich, Part I, Berlin 1939; Page 282
  4. ↑ taz : In search of a lost generation May 4, 2006
  5. ^ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. Landkreis Oder-Spree . Pp. 22-25
  6. ↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2015 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
  7. ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)
  8. ↑ Result of the local elections on May 25, 2014. Accessed on June 19, 2020 .
  9. ↑ Result of the local elections on May 26, 2019. Accessed on June 19, 2020 .
  10. ^ Result of the mayoral election on December 11, 2016
  11. ↑ Coat of arms information on the service portal of the state administration of Brandenburg
  12. ↑ a b A touch of Gaudí in the Kleiner Spreewald. , Berliner Zeitung , November 9, 2012
  13. ↑ Homepage cultural foundry
  14. ↑ Homepage of the Schöneiche Music Festival
  15. ^ Farewell to the league . In: Märkische Oderzeitung , June 1, 2017
  16. ↑ 125 years of DPVKOM
  17. ↑ Presentation of the series "Schöneicher Hefte" in Schöneiche Konkret