Zdechovice
| Zdechovice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Pardubický kraj | ||||
| District : | Pardubice | ||||
| Area : | 862.2826 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 1 ′ N , 15 ° 28 ′ E | ||||
| Height: | 228 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 626 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 533 11 | ||||
| License plate : | E. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | I / 2 : Kutná Hora - Přelouč | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 3 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Robert Chutic (as of 2017) | ||||
| Address: | Zdechovice 96 533 11 Zdechovice |
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| Municipality number: | 576026 | ||||
| Website : | www.zdechovice.cz | ||||
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Zdechovice (German Sdechowitz , also Zdechowitz ) is a municipality in Okres Pardubice in the Czech Republic . It is located seven kilometers southwest of Přelouč .
geography
Zdechovice is located in the Chvaletická hornatina ( Chwaletice hill country ) belonging to the Iron Mountains ( Železné hory ) in the valley basin of the Morašický brook and its tributary Červený brook. To the north of the village lie the Pazderna and Pilský černý rybník ponds, to the east of the Ovčín. To the west rises the Strážník (formerly 268 m nm), the rocky crest is mostly dismantled by a granite quarry. To the northwest is the Chvaletice power plant .
Neighboring towns are Trnávka and Řečany nad Labem in the north, Labětín and Spytovice in the northeast, Kozašice and Jankovice in the east, Seník, Krasnice and Morašice in the southeast, Koukalka, Brambory , Vinice, Hajný, Podlesí , Svobovna, Ves, and Kata I in the south Borek and Horušice in the southwest, Zbraněves , Strážník and Bernardov in the west and Hornická Čtvrť and Chvaletice in the northwest.
history
Legend has it that in 677 Boták, a relative of Krok , dug iron mines in the area and founded a farm, which he named Zděkowice.
In 1998, during sewer work, early iron slag was found on the village square at a depth of 4.5 m, which could possibly come from Roman times.
The first written mention of Zdechovice was according to the chronicle of Václav Hájek z Libočan in 1352. In connection with the introduction of a pastor in Žehušice , a pleban of Zdechovice was also mentioned in 1361. According to old news, there was previously a provost house of the temple masters in Zdechovice. From 1373 Ješek von Zdechovice is documented as the owner of the Zdechovice fortress . In 1493 the fortress belonged to Jan Voděra from Sekyřice, followed by Petr Sekerský from Voděrady. From the Sekerský of Voděrady the goods Zdechovice and Telčice fell due to overindebtedness to Vladislav II , who pledged them in 1507 to Nikolaus Trčka of Lípa . Two years later, after the Bohemian estates protested against the pledging of the royal property Zdechovice, the king redeemed the pledge. In 1515, the Zdechovice estate with the villages of Zdechovice, Telčice, Chvaletice, Trnávka, Řečany, Labětín and Spytovice came to them as compensation for debt in the course of a settlement with Zdeniek Lev von Rosental .
In 1521 Václav Lorecký von Elkouš received the royal property as a pledge. In 1523 Peter Suda von Řenče was compensated by King Ludwig II for the assignment of his goods Janovice and Veselí with the Zdechovice pledge. The castle was first mentioned in 1542, when it was still a wooden structure. From 1555, Peter's son Sigmund von Řenče owned the estate, followed in 1558 by Karl von Zierotin and from 1570 by his son Johann Lukas von Zierotin. The latter sold the estate to Hynko Vrabský Tluksa from Vrabí in 1585. The subsequent owners of the estate were Kerunk Mikuláš Vrabský Tluksa and around 1630 Václav Vrabský von Vrabí. In 1639 the Zdechovice farm was burned down by the troops of the Swedish general Banér . In 1642 Wenzel the Elder acquired Ä. Wieschnik from Wieschnik ( Václav st. Věžník z Věžník ) the estate. The following year another Swedish army under General Torstensson moved through Zdechovice on the way from Kuttenberg to Pardubice . From 1685 the estate belonged to Bernhard Wieschnik, who also owned the Neuhof estate . He ceded the estate to his son Leopold Wieschnik in 1710. In 1716 he had the baroque church of St. Peter and Paul built. In 1722 he sold the estate for 130,000 guilders to the colonel hereditary postmaster Karl Josef Graf von Paar . Three years later, his son Leopold Graf von Paar inherited Zdechovice.
In April and May 1742 and in August 1744, Prussian troops plundered the town several times during the War of the Austrian Succession . In 1744 Johann Wenzel Graf von Paar inherited the estate from his father. In 1785 the grinding and sawmill on Pazderný rybník burned down. After the tolerance patents , only a third of the population was Catholic; Pastor Fischer wrote in 1786 that 511 of the residents of his parish were Catholic and a thousand non-believers. From 1792 Karl Reichsfürst von Paar was the owner of the property, he bequeathed it to his son of the same name in 1819. During the big fire in October 1802, the castle was completely destroyed along with most of the village and rebuilt the following year. Iron mining, which died out in the 18th century, was briefly resumed in the first half of the 19th century.
In 1835 the Allodialgut Zdechowitz comprised a usable area of 4127 yoke 1224 square fathoms. In its territory, which included the villages of Zdechowitz, Chwalletitz , Teltschitz, Trnawka , Řetschan , Labietin, Spittowitz and Senik, there lived 2,749 people, one third of whom were Catholics, as well as 231 families from Augsburg , 200 Reformed and ten Jewish families. The main source of income was agriculture, with the cultivation of swaths or sky dew within a radius of two miles being a local peculiarity. The lordship managed two farms; a sheep farm belonged to the one in Zdechowitz and a mutton farm in Teltschitz. The manorial forests were divided into the forest districts Zdechowitz and Trnawka. An authoritarian limestone quarry was operated near Teltschitz; the iron ore deposits were no longer mined due to the lack of an ironworks. The village of Zdechowitz , also known as Zdiechowitz , Zdechowice or Zděchowice , was the official place of the Dominium and consisted of 92 houses in which 583 people, including 31 Augsburg, 20 Reformed and four Jewish families, lived. In the village there was an official castle, a yard, a sheep farm, a brewery, a brandy house, a pheasant garden, a hunter's house, an inn, a general store and a house synagogue. The parish church of St. Peter and Paul and the school were under official patronage. To the north there were two mills - one under the Pilsk pond dam, the other under the Pazderner pond dam. In addition, there was the masking shop at Walde Kaupal and the single-layer Stara Pila ( Stará Pila ), which consists of three small houses . Zdechowitz was the pastor for all villages of the Dominium as well as for Moraschitz , Horuschitz and Zbraniowes . On July 3, 1842, a fire spread due to a strong wind and destroyed 22 houses.
After the abolition of patrimonial Zděchovice formed from 1849 a municipality in the judicial district of Přelauč . In 1865 a major fire destroyed three houses, in 1867 four more chalets burned down. From 1868 the community belonged to the Pardubitz district . In 1873, Crown Prince Rudolf stayed at Zdechowitz Castle as a guest of the Counts von Paar. In 1884 a single-storey schoolhouse was built. Three years later the parish hall was built to house the fire engine and set up a detention cell. A hailstorm left extensive damage to the fields on May 20, 1888, and the road bridge to the castle courtyard was torn away and the park wall supported. The Counts von Paar sold the castle in 1889 to the Prague railway contractor Jan Schebek, who left it to his daughter Amalie and son-in-law Otto Mettal . At the census of 1891, 650 people lived in the 96 houses of Zdechovice, including 605 Catholics. The place name Zdechovice has been used since the end of the 19th century . In 1901 six houses and the lower mill ( Pilský mlýn ) burned down. The mill at Pazderný rybník was demolished at the beginning of the 20th century and a sawmill was built in its place, which was in operation until 1939. The granite quarry built on Strážník after the First World War led to the settlement of stone breakers and smiths. At the end of 1926 the village was partially electrified. In 1930 the production of paving stones began in the quarry on Strážník, which in 1938 was also used to pave the state road. In the 1930s, Zdechovice developed into a summer resort, guests included u. a. Jan Masaryk and the tenor Oldřich Kovář. After the end of the Second World War, the castle was confiscated on the basis of the Beneš decrees , and from 1953 it served as a barracks for the Czechoslovak Army .
1949 Zdechovice was assigned to the Okres Přelouč. This was lifted in the course of the territorial reform of 1960, since then the community has belonged to Okres Pardubice. In 1959, on the road to ečany, a settlement of Finnish houses for officers was built, which was expanded in 1963 to include three brick houses. 1961 Morašice and Spytovice were incorporated. In 1964, Zbraněves , which had previously belonged to Horušice , was reorganized . After the crackdown on the Prague Spring , the Red Army occupied the castle in 1968. The following year, the Soviets set up a fleet of vehicles in the chateau park and built an autodrome between Zdechovice and Zbraněves. The officers' settlement was expanded by two prefabricated buildings in the 1970s; The Russian house of the Moscow type, built in 1971, was built for lower ranks, the higher officers live in the Czech T06 B house, built in 1976. The two-class school was closed in 1981. On August 21, 1990, the Red Army withdrew from Zdechovice. On August 27, 1990, an agreement was reached with the Institute for Scientific and Technical Information for Agriculture ( ÚVTIZ ) in Prague to set up a museum for large-scale agricultural engineering. The apartments in the Czech house were rented to Czechs in the same year. In the same year Morašice broke away from Zdechovice and formed its own municipality. In the 1991 census, 513 people lived in the municipality's 139 houses. At the beginning of the 1991/92 school year, a primary school was opened in which children in the first to fourth grades are taught. On April 1, 1992 the Museum of Large Agricultural Equipment was opened. In 1993, 64 Volhynian Czech repatriates were settled in the officers' settlement . Since 2002 the community has had a coat of arms and a banner. The last building on the 11.7 hectare training area was demolished in 2012.
Community structure
The municipality Zdechovice consists of the districts Spytovice ( Spittowitz ), Zbraněves ( Sbraniewes ) and Zdechovice ( Sdechowitz ). Basic settlement units are Spytovice and Zdechovice. Zdechovice also includes the Stará Pila hamlet and the Katovna, Mazánkova Hájenka and Pazderný Mlýn layers.
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Spytovice and Zdechovice.
Attractions
- Zdechovice Castle, built in 1803 for Prince Karl von Paar. The palace park was laid out in 1819 for his son of the same name.
- Church of St. Peter and Paul, it received its baroque appearance in 1716 under Leopold Wieschnik von Wieschnik
- Ossuary with allegorical paintings, built in 1742
- Rectory, the single-storey building with a triangular volute gable was built in the first half of the 19th century
- Marian column in front of the castle, it was built at the beginning of the 18th century
- Statue of St. John of Nepomuk, created 1733
- Farm No. 15 with a courtyard gate in Empire style, built in the first half of the 19th century
- Memorial to those who fell in World War I, unveiled in 1925
- Rocks Obří postele , Čertova jarmara , Gabrový výchoz and Soudní skála in the south of the district. There is also Peter's footstep ( Petrova šlápota ) hidden in the forest , a flat rock elevation with the impression of a right human foot.
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the church
- Hannah von Mettal (1884–1966), translator
Lived and worked in the place
- Otto Mettal (1884–1921), politician
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/576026/Zdechovice
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer , Franz Xaver Maximilian Zippe: The Kingdom of Böhmen. Statistically and topographically presented, Vol. 5 Chrudimer Kreis , Prague 1837, pp. 33–39
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/576026/Obec-Zdechovice
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/576026/Obec-Zdechovice
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/576026/Obec-Zdechovice