Žáravice

Žáravice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Pardubický kraj
District :	Pardubice
Area :	275 ha
Geographic location :	50 ° 6 '  N , 15 ° 33'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 6 '21 "  N , 15 ° 33' 26"  E
Height:	235  m nm
Residents :	121 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	533 16
License plate :	E.
traffic
Street:	Břehy - Chýšť
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Miroslav Lopatář (as of 2019)
Address:	Žáravice 29 533 16 Vápno u Přelouče
Municipality number:	576042
Website :	www.zaravice.cz

Place view

Memorial to the fallen of the First World War

Žáravice (German Zarawitz , also Scharawitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is eight kilometers north of Přelouč and belongs to the Okres Pardubice .

geography

Žáravice is located in the valley of the brook Sopřečský potok on the Dobřenická plošina ( Dobrzenitzer plateau ). The Švihov pond is located on the northeastern edge of the village. In the north rises the Jitra (272 m nm), southwest the Sušina (259 m nm). The state road I / 36 runs two kilometers to the north between Nové Město and Lázně Bohdaneč .

Neighboring towns are Chýšť , Chudeřice , Káranice , Obědovice and V Australii the north, America, Voleč , Triden, Ve Střídmí and Kasalice in the Northeast, Rohovládova Bělá and Vyšehněvice the east, Vlčí Habřina the southeast, Sopřeč in the south, Semín , Strašov , Bukovina and Komárov in the southwest, U Aničky, Vápno and Přepychy in the west and Klamoš and Malé Výkleky in the northwest.

history

Žáravice was probably founded in the second half of the 12th century by the Opatowitz Benedictine monastery . It is believed that the Benedictines also built the Žáravice fortress to protect their property .

After the monastery was plundered and burned down by a Hussite army under Diviš Bořek von Miletínek in 1421 , the latter took possession of the extensive possessions.

The first written mention of Žáravice took place on September 21, 1436, when King Sigismund assigned a large part of the former monastery property to Diviš Bořek, who formed the Pardubice lordship with its seat on the Kunburg . In 1437 Diviš 'son Soběslav Mrzák of Miletínek inherited the rule, in 1464 it fell to King George of Podebrady . On April 5, 1465, he transferred the rule to his sons Viktorin , Heinrich d. Ä. and Hynek von Münsterberg . In 1472 the rule of Pardubitz fell to Heinrich d. Ä. from Munsterberg to; he sold it in 1490 to Wilhelm von Pernstein , who had the Pardubice Castle built as a new seat. In the oldest Pardubice land register from 1494, five properties are listed for Žáravice, including a mill in the desert of Sušiny. In 1521 Wilhelm von Pernstein bequeathed his Bohemian goods to his younger son Vojtěch , after his death in 1534 they fell to his brother Johann . In 1548 he left his son Jaroslav in high debt. On March 21, 1560 Jaroslav von Pernstein sold the entire rule of Pardubitz to King Ferdinand I. His successor Maximilian II transferred the administration of the royal lords to the court chamber . In the 18th century the village was called Žiarawitz or Schiarawitz . In 1785 there were 16 houses in Schiarawitz .

In 1835 the village of Žarowitz , located in the Chrudim district , consisted of 22 houses in which 152 people, including two Jewish families, lived. The parish was Biela , but the residents went to the nearby church of Wapno and also sent their children to school in Wapno. In the Sušiny forest there was a very abundant limestone quarry, which provided good building stone, which was also sold to foreign dominions. On the square na Hradéch between Žarowitz and Wischeniowitz old masonry with traces of moats could be seen, which should come from a castle destroyed by the Hussites. Many of those killed by the Hussites are said to have been buried in the Šachta depression there. Until the middle of the 19th century, Žarowitz remained subject to the Imperial and Royal Chamber of Commerce Pardubice.

After the abolition of patrimonial Žaravice formed from 1849 a district of the municipality Sopřeč in the judicial district Přelauč . Emperor Franz Joseph I pledged the kk camera rule Pardubitz in 1855 as a government bond to the Oesterreichische Nationalbank , which sold the rule on June 25, 1863 to the kk privileged Österreichische Credit-Anstalt für Handel und Gewerbe. In 1866 the industrialist Heinrich Drasche bought the manor of Pardubitz. From 1868 the village belonged to the Pardubice district . In 1869 Žaravice had 138 inhabitants and consisted of 24 houses. Žaravice broke away from Sopřeč in the 1870s and formed its own municipality. On June 18, 1881 Richard von Drasche-Wartinberg bought the manors of Pardubitz and Kunětická Hora for 2,080,000 guilders from his father's inheritance. In 1900 there were 140 people in Žaravice , in 1910 there were 197. After the establishment of Czechoslovakia in the course of the land reform of 1920, the large estate of the Drasche-Wartinberg family was confiscated and divided up. The place name Žáravice has been used since 1924 . In 1930 the community had 207 inhabitants. In 1949 Žáravice was assigned to the Okres Přelouč, and since 1960 the municipality has belonged again to the Okres Pardubice . The natural theater Na Hradech was built in 1954. At the 2001 census, 150 people lived in the 55 houses in Žáravice. The municipality has had a coat of arms and a banner since 2014.

Sušiny

Sušiny was southwest of Žáravice on a tributary to the Sopřečský potok. The village was first mentioned in 1386 as the property of Mareš and Jan von Vyšeňovice. In 1404 they transferred income from Sušiny to the Church in Turkovice . In 1411 the brothers shared their possessions; Jan got the Sušiny estate to Vyšeňovice and Mareš. Mareš von Vyšeňovice sold Sušiny in 1418 to Jíra von Kladruby, the claims of the Turkovic church he transferred to his village Drahomířice. At the end of the 15th century the festivals and the Sušiny manor were the seat of Jan Kozel von Sušina, who gave his wife Kunka von Pochobrad a morning gift of 125 shock on the estate. Jan Kozel developed into a troublemaker and injurer in the area. In 1492 Wilhelm von Pernstein ordered Kozel's return to prison, after whose escape Wilhelm von Pernstein's people burned all of Sušiny and razed the fortress. On June 20, 1493, Wilhelm von Pernstein bought the Sušiny fortress with the farm, the desert village and all accessories for 400 shock. In 1494, for 125 shock, he also acquired the rights of the Kunka of Pochobrad, including their income from Káranice , which burdened Sušiny, and struck the desolate estate of his rule Pardubitz.

Sušiny was not repopulated, the hallways of the village were assigned to Žáravice. The location of the fortress is unknown; August Sedláček kept it identical with the fortress Hrada near Žáravice, of which no written records exist.

The Malý Sušinský rybník and Velký Sušinský rybník ponds were preserved until the end of the 18th century; the former was located southwest of Žáravice on Sušinský potok, the latter west of Sopřeč on Sopřečský potok.

Community structure

No districts are shown for the municipality of Žáravice. The one-layer America and the desert of Sušiny belong to Žáravice.

Attractions

• Desert fortress Žáravice, also called Kozákův hrad or Hrada , northeast of the village on the Na Hradech hill above the Švihov pond. It was probably built by the Opatowitz Benedictine monastery and destroyed during the Hussite Wars . In the 18th century, the stones from the ruins were used to build the church in Bělá ; three concentric lines of ramparts and moats around a mighty castle hill without any remains of walls have been preserved from the large complex. Some researchers believe it is the Sušiny Fortress.
• Na Hradech nature reserve , the oak-hornbeam coppice with beech inclusion on the Plänereluvium on the slopes around the pond Švihov was placed under protection in 1956 on an area of ​​9.52 ha. There is a large bird population on the Švihov and its banks, which are covered with giant horsetail.
• Memorial to the fallen of the First World War
• Stone cross

literature

• Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2005 , part 1, p. 528

Web links

Commons : Žáravice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• History of Žáravice
• Location description

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/576042/Zaravice
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer , Franz Xaver Maximilian Zippe: The Kingdom of Böhmen. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 5: Chrudimer Kreis. Prague 1837, p. 63
4. ↑ http://www.zaravice.cz/symboly-obce/d-1010/p1=1008
5. ↑ https://www.hrady.cz/index.php?OID=7145&PARAM=11&tid=45450&pos=450
6. ↑ Žáravice festivals on hrady.cz