Býšť

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Býšť
Býšť coat of arms
Býšť (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Pardubický kraj
District : Pardubice
Area : 3409 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 8 '  N , 15 ° 55'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 7 '57 "  N , 15 ° 54' 40"  E
Height: 305  m nm
Residents : 1,554 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 533 22
License plate : E.
traffic
Street: Hradec Králové - Holice
Třebechovice pod Orebem - Sezemice
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 4th
administration
Mayor : Romana Petříková (as of 2018)
Address: Býšť 133
533 22 Býšť
Municipality number: 574848
Website : www.byst.cz
Place view
Church of St. George
Upper mill

Býšť (German Bejscht , also Beyscht ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located ten kilometers southeast of the city center of Hradec Králové and belongs to the Okres Pardubice . After Pardubice, it is the second largest municipality in the region in terms of area.

geography

The village of Býšť, surrounded by extensive forests, extends on the Třebechovická tabule ( Hohenbrucker Tafel ) along the Býšťský potok brook, which flows into the Brodecký potok below the town. The Biřička rises north of the village. In Býšť, the state road I / 35 / E 442 between Hradec Králové and Holice crosses with the road II / 298 between Třebechovice pod Orebem and Sezemice . In the north rises the Vrchboř (294 m nm), east the Lípa (305 m nm), in the southeast the Na Homoli (268 m nm) and northwest of the Korejtek (291 m nm). Towards the northwest - at Motorest Koliba - is the TV station Hradec Králové - Hoděšovice.

Neighboring towns are Rybníčky, Kukleny and Hoděšovice in the north, Hoděšovka, Bělečko and U Obecníku in the Northeast, Kindlovka and V Jamkách the east, Vysoké Chvojno and Chvojenec the southeast, Svoboda and Rokytno in the south, Hrachoviště and Újezd u Sezemic in the southwest, Borek and Opatovice nad Labem in the west and Koliba, Vysoká nad Labem , Roudnička , Kluky and Nový Hradec Králové in the northwest.

history

The forests on the Třebechovická tabule were uninhabited until the beginning of the 12th century and formed the hunting domain of the Přemyslids . Býšť was later created as a settlement enclave in the jungle area.

The first written mention of the parish village of Býšť took place in 1360 as the property of the Vladiken von Černčice , who held the estate until 1371. Jan Holický von Sternberg then acquired the Býšť estate from the Holitzer family branch of the Counts von Sternberg and added it to his Chvojenec estate . In the course of time, the Counts of Sternberg transferred the management of their Chvojenec property more and more to the Holitz estate . Býšť was again separated from Chvojenec and came as an independent estate to the Vladiken Leskowitz von Leskowetz. The land register of 1500 shows that the village consisted of 36 farms and a tavern. In 1508 the brothers Arnošt, Chval, Mikuláš and Kryštof von Leskovec sold the Býšť manor to Wilhelm von Pernstein , who united it with his rule of Pardubice . Wilhelm von Pernstein bequeathed his Bohemian goods to his younger son Vojtěch in 1521 , after his death they passed to his brother Johann in 1534 . In 1548 he left his son Jaroslav in high debt. On March 21, 1560 Jaroslav von Pernstein sold the entire rule of Pardubitz to King Ferdinand I. His successor Maximilian II transferred the administration of the royal lords to the court chamber . From 1586 the Rychtář in Býšť exercised the lower jurisdiction over Chvojenec. The parish became extinct during the Thirty Years' War. Large parts of the village also fell desolate; the berní rula shows that only 20 of the 41 farmsteads were still managed. The main sources of income were cattle breeding and spinning; Mainly flax and hemp were grown in the fields. In the middle of the 18th century, 38 farmers and six cottagers are listed in the Theresian cadastre .

Before 1780 a school was established in house number 71. In the course of the raabization , the village of Swoboda was built around 1780 on emphyteutized meierhof floors . After the Josephinian tolerance patent of 1781, so-called Deists ( blouznivci ) gained significant influence in the area of Rokytno , Býšť and Chvojenec ; 52 families in Rokytno and Chvojenec had committed themselves to this. The Deists did not belong to the recognized churches and rejected baptism, the Ten Commandments and the Christian form of marriage; as they caused great difficulties for the authorities, they soon attacked the sectarians with canes. In 1796 the old church was demolished and replaced by a new building; at the same time a new localist house was built and in 1800 a new wooden schoolhouse. In 1807 a parish was established again in Býšť. The church, rectory and school were destroyed in a large fire in 1822. A new stone church was consecrated in 1823. The following year, a stone schoolhouse was completed.

In 1835 the village of Beyscht or Begsstě , located in the Chrudim district on the Poststrasse from Hohenmauth to Königgrätz , consisted of 85 houses in which 670 people, including a Jewish family, lived. The parish church of St. George, the rectory and the school were under the patronage of the emperor. There were also two catchy mills in the village. The settlement Swoboda was conscripted after Beyscht . Beyscht was the parish for Bieletschko , Hodieschowitz , Maydorf , Rokitno and Streitdorf . Up until the middle of the 19th century, Beyscht remained subordinate to the Imperial and Royal Chamber of Commerce Pardubitz.

After the abolition of patrimonial Býště formed from 1849 with the district Svoboda a municipality in the judicial district of Holitz . From 1868 the village belonged to the political district of Pardubice . In 1869 Býště had 727 inhabitants and consisted of 96 houses. The volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1885. In 1865 the industrialist Johann Liebieg acquired the forests on the Hohenbrucker Tafel, from 1884 they belonged to Alexander Margrave von Pallavicini on Jemnice . At the transition from the 19th to the 20th century, agriculture was expanded to include rye, oats, millet and peas and, to a lesser extent, wheat and barley. In 1900 687 people lived in the village, in 1910 there were 701. In 1904 a new single-storey schoolhouse was built. After the establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1921, the forest dominion of the Margrave of Pallavicini was expropriated and divided up in the course of the land reform. In 1924 the municipality name was changed to Býšť . In 1930 Býšť had 574 inhabitants. In 1949 Býšť was assigned to the Okres Holice. Since 1960 the community has belonged again to Okres Pardubice . In 1957 Hrachoviště was incorporated; On April 30, 1976 Bělečko and Hoděšovice were added. The community has had a coat of arms and a banner since 1998. On the night of July 22nd to 23rd, 1998, continuous rain with a rainfall of 158 mm for over six hours caused severe damage by flooding wells, cellars and apartments. In the 2001 census, 982 people lived in the 389 houses of the community; the district Býšť consisted of 216 houses with 673 inhabitants, of which 607 in Býšť and 66 in Svoboda.

Community structure

The municipality Býšť consists of the districts Bělečko ( Klein Bieltsch ), Býšť ( Bejscht ), Hoděšovice ( Hodieschowitz ) and Hrachoviště ( Streitdorf ). Basic settlement units are Bělečko, Býšť, Hoděšovice, Hoděšovice-jih, Hrachoviště and Svoboda . Býšť also includes the layers Bažantnice, Hoděšovka, Koliba, Kukleny, Mazurova Chalupa, Podstrání, Rodoubračí, Rybníčky, U Obecníku, V Lukách and V Přímu.

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Bělečko, Býšť, Hoděšovice and Hrachoviště u Býště.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the church

Lived and worked in the community

Attractions

  • Church of St. Georg, the wooden church that has been documented since 1360, was demolished in 1796 and rebuilt. After the fire of 1822, today's baroque church was built in 1823. In 1974 the interior was reconstructed and the outer skin was repaired. In 2018 the municipality had the facade renewed.
  • Obere Mühle, the watermill, has been traceable since April 4, 1788, when the miller Hein Johannes Heys bought it for 1000 guilders. The 17th and last miller, Václav Růžička, ceased milling operations in 1950. In 2004 the mill was declared a cultural monument.
  • Chapel of the Assumption in Bělečko
  • Mazurovy chalupy nature reserve near Hoděšovice
  • Covered oak ( Krytý dub ) in the forest north of Bělečko. The hollow tree torso with a trunk circumference of 4.60 m was provided with a pointed shingle roof in 1897. A portal-like opening allows access to the interior of the tree monument.

literature

Web links

Commons : Býšť  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/574848/Byst
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia; Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 5: Chrudimer Kreis. Prague 1837, p. 75
  4. ↑ http://www.byst.cz/informace-o-obci/znak-obce/
  5. ↑ http://www.risy.cz/cs/vyhledavace/obce/detail?zuj=574848&zsj=017230#zsj
  6. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/574848/Obec-Byst
  7. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/574848/Obec-Byst
  8. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/574848/Obec-Byst
  9. ↑ http://www.byst.cz/informace-o-obci/pamatky/