Zelenogradsk

city Zelenogradsk Cranz Zеленоградск flag coat of arms Federal district Northwest Russia Oblast Kaliningrad Rajon Zelenogradsk Founded 1252 Earlier names Cranz (until 1947) (also Kranz ) City since 1947 surface 17  km² population 13,026 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 766 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 3  m Time zone UTC + 2 Telephone code (+7) 40150 Post Code 238530 License Plate 39, 91 OKATO 27 215 501 Geographical location Coordinates 54 ° 58 ′  N , 20 ° 29 ′  E Coordinates: 54 ° 58 ′ 0 ″  N , 20 ° 29 ′ 0 ″  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Kaliningrad Oblast

List of cities in Russia

Selenogradsk ( Russian : Зеленоградск ( listen ^{? / I} ), translatable roughly with Green City , until 1947 German: Cranz , formerly also Cranzkuhren ; Lithuanian Krantas ) is a seaside resort on the Samland coast in the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad , in the former East Prussia . The city Selenogradsk is the administrative center of the local government unit Stadtkreis Selenogradsk in Zelenogradsky District .

location

The seaside resort on the Baltic Sea coast is located in the northwest of the historic East Prussia region , about 30 kilometers north of Königsberg ( Kaliningrad ).

history

Cranz ( wreath ) north of Königsberg on the southern foothills of the Curonian Spit , on a map from 1910.

Cranz riverside promenade near the town center around 1900 (left of the center of the picture the Hotel Germanin ).

Ladies bathroom by Cranz around 1900.

Coastal section on the Curonian Lagoon from Brüsterort (far left in the picture) to Cranz (then written as Kranz , far right in the picture) on a map from 1910.

Originally, the place on the coast ( Kurisch kranta, krant : beach, shore, Old Prussian / Prussian : krantas : beach, edge, shore, coast; cf. Danish: skrænt ) a fishing village. In 1785 Cranzkuhren was described as a royal fishing village, which is the seat of a royal forestry office, has 41 fireplaces (households), belongs to the main office in Grünau and is parish in Rudau.

The seaside resort of Cranz was founded in 1816 at the instigation of the Königsberg doctor Friedrich Christian Kessel (1765–1844). A warm bath was added to the two bathing houses in 1817. The seaside resort was already heavily visited by 1830. The Kesselsche Schönerungsverein founded in 1836 created gardens and set up benches until the beginning of the 20th century. In 1858 the parish of the village had an area of ​​712 acres .

While the other northern Samland seaside resorts have high cliffs, Cranz spreads out on low bank hills, which are covered in the northeast by an approximately 1000 hectare pine forest mixed with deciduous trees. A 1,400 meter long promenade stretched along the beach immediately . This consisted of wooden planks over a length of 900 meters and a continuous width of five meters that rested on walled-in piles. There were benches on the promenade and stairs led down from there to the wide beach. About halfway down the promenade went west to the Herrenbad and east to the Damenbad . Walking bridges led far out into the sea within the bathing area. At sunset, the promenade was the meeting point for bathers. Already at the beginning of the 20th century it was electrically lit in the evening and therefore unique of its kind among the German Baltic Sea resorts. During the imperial era , Cranz developed into the most important seaside resort on the East Prussian coast. In 1908, 13,277 visitors were registered here, mostly East and West Prussians and Silesians, but also many Poles and Russians (mostly of Jewish origin).

Site plan by Cranz around 1910.

After the construction of the Königsberg-Cranzer Railway , Cranz could be easily reached from Königsberg from December 31, 1885 . At the beginning of the 20th century, Cranz had a Protestant church, a synagogue , a power station, a dune inspection and a rescue station. In addition to bathing tourism, fishing remained an important branch of business. The Cranzer Räucher floundern were considered a special delicacy.

Although Cranz had almost 6,000 inhabitants at the beginning of the Second World War , the place was not given city ​​rights . Cranz was until the war ended in 1945 the district Samland in Administrative district Königsberg the province of East Prussia of the German Reich . The village suffered only minor damage during the war.

Towards the end of the Second World War , many German residents fled at the beginning of 1945. In the summer of 1945, the region, along with the entire northern half of East Prussia, was placed under Soviet administration. Despite its regained importance as a seaside resort, Cranz suffered from increasing neglect and lost its primacy to Svetlogorsk (Rauschen) .

On June 17, 1947, the place name Zelenogradsk was introduced for Cranz and the place received city rights. On July 25, 1947, Zelenogradsk was designated the seat of Primorsk Raion (now Zelenogradsk Raion), after having had this role since 1946. The city was free of rajons from 1963 to 1965 and has been the center of Zelenogradsk Raion ever since. The region was part of the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and has been part of the Russian Federation ever since .

In 2002 the places Klinzowka (Wickiau) , Malinowka (Wargenau) , Priboi (Rosehnen) , Sosnowka (Bledau) and Wischnjowoje (Wosegau) were incorporated into the city of Zelenogradsk.

Since 2005 there has been a partnership with the city of Ostseebad Kühlungsborn in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania .

Researchers suspect the trading center from the time of the Vikings Wiskiauten , today Mochowoje, about three kilometers south of the city .

Population development

until 1945

year	Residents	Remarks
1816	0 268
1831	0314
1840	0402	in 86 houses
1858	0782	780 Protestants and two Catholics
1864	0925	on December 3rd
1900	2,093
1905	2,598
1933	4,667
1939	5,089

since 1945

year	Residents
1959	6,866
1970	9,172
1979	9,781
1989	10,786
2002	12,509
2010	13,026

Note: census data

tourism

Bathing Beach (2012)

Zelenogradsk is especially important for weekend tourism from Kaliningrad . There are many summer camps for Russian youth organizations here. Germans and other foreigners are very rare. Lively construction activity has developed over the past few years. Many private houses are being built for wealthy Muscovites and tourist institutions. The long lake promenade invites you to stroll. The restaurants are modern and of western standard. A pier complements the promenade. WiFi is free and directly accessible. The city with its streets is extremely clean. The sandy beaches are east and west of the cobbled promenade in the city center.

traffic

Streets

The place is connected by the trunk road A 191 (former German Reichsstrasse 128 ) with Kaliningrad (Königsberg) and the southern Samland . Due to the overloading of this important connection to the Baltic Sea, a more modern and faster connection was opened to traffic in 2009: the Primorskoje Kolzo (coastal ring), which will one day connect all bathing and port cities on the Baltic Sea. Via the A 217 motorway, there is also a faster connection from Zelenogradsk to Kaliningrad Airport near Khrabrovo (Powunden), as well as to the west (as of 2017) to the seaside resort of Rauschen (Svetlogorsk).

From Zelenogradsk the trunk road R 515 also leads north and crosses the Curonian Spit in the Russian part to continue on the KK 167 in the Lithuanian part to Klaipėda (Memel) .

There is a daily bus connection (from Kaliningrad) via the Curonian Spit and Nidden / Nida to Memel and back.

rails

Station building (2017)

Via the Kaliningrad – Zelenogradsk – Primorsk ( Koenigsberg – Neukuhren ) railway line, Zelenogradsk is connected to the Oblast capital as a railway junction. A sufficient number of suburban trains run from the south via the north station directly to Zelenogradsk.

Religions

Transfiguration Cathedral , previously Adalbertkirche

Andreas Church, previously Andreas Chapel

In Zelenogradsk there are the following municipalities

• Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior , ul. Moskowskaja 40a, built in 1896/97 as a Protestant Church of Adalbert, since 1995 Orthodox
• Church of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First Called, ul. Moskowskaja 13a, built in 1903/04 as a Catholic St. Andrew's Chapel by Paul Lauffer, since 1995 Orthodox
• Protestant parish, subsidiary parish of the Church of the Resurrection in Kaliningrad

Other sacred buildings were

• former Baptist chapel, ul. Moskowskaja 7, built in 1934, now a children's library
• former synagogue, built in 1911 at the Kurhaus, demolished after 1990, entrance portal preserved (?)

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

• Reinhart Bezzenberger (1888–1963), Regional Councilor in East Prussia
• Curt Falkenheim (1893–1949), German pediatrician
• Franz Hilbert (1893–1969), the only child of the mathematician David Hilbert
• Mary Saran (1897–1976), German publicist
• Abel Ehrlich (1915–2003), German composer
• Beate Uhse (1919–2001), German pilot and entrepreneur
• Klaus Rolinski (* 1932), German lawyer and university professor
• Wolf-Dieter Stubel (* 1941), German radio presenter
• Volker Lechtenbrink (* 1944), German actor

Connected to the place

• Sem Chaimowitsch Simkin (1937-2010), Russian deep-sea fisherman and poet, is buried in the village

In the literature

• Patrick White , 1973 Nobel Prize Winner in Literature, visited Cranz in the early 1930s.

“I remember the small Baltic seaside resort of Cranz, sinking up to my ankles into the heavy white sand on the outskirts of the city, as well as in the streets with the whitewashed wooden houses, on which the light lay thick and golden like the amber that ran along the Coast was found. (..) it had fallen out of time and had no connection to any country I had visited. "

- Patrick White, Flaws in the Glass

literature

• Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy; presented topographically, statistically and economically. According to official sources . Part I: Province of Prussia . Berlin 1833, p. 154, paragraph 178.
• August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835 ( pp. 489–490. )
• Thomas: The royal Baltic seaside resort Kranz . 2nd edition, Königsberg 1884.

Web links

Commons : Zelenogradsk  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• GenWiki: Cranz / Samland
• Klaus Lunau: Cranz Baltic Sea and Moor Bath
• Cranz Westend

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I, Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, Complete Topography of the East Prussian Cammer Department , p. 31.
3. ↑ ^{a b} Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy; presented topographically, statistically and economically. According to official sources . Part I: Province of Prussia . Berlin 1833, p. 154, paragraph 178.
4. ^ Robert Albinus: Königsberg Lexicon . Würzburg 2002, ISBN 3-88189-441-1
5. ^ ^{A b} Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, according to official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, pp. 63-76.
6. ^ Meyer's travel books: Baltic resorts and cities on the Baltic coast . 4th edition, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig and Vienna 1910, pp. 202–205.
7. ↑ ^{a b} Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 11, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 594.
8. ↑ ^{a b} Brockhaus' Kleines Konversations-Lexikon . 5th edition, Volume 1, Leipzig 1911, p. 572
9. ↑ Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 июня 1947 г. «Об образовании сельских Советов, городов и рабочих поселков в Калининградской обльских Советов, городов и рабочих поселков в Калининградской обладской обладской обладской обладской обладской Собласти the 17th and 19th Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Council of the cities of the Oblasti towns and cities of the 17th Supreme Council of the Supreme Presidium of the 1947th Oblast of the Oblasts Council of the 17th Supreme Soviet of the Supreme Council of the cities of the Oblasts of the 1947th Oblast.
10. ↑ First, there were ideas, the place after the Russian Admiral Pavel Nakhimov in Nachimowsk rename. Some documents from this time are provided with this place name. The finally chosen Zelenogradsk should be confused with the place name Svetlogorsk chosen for the place Rauschen .
11. ↑ Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 25 июля 1947 г. "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Калининградской области" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of July 25, 1947: Establishment of the Oblast-Kaliningrad)
12. ↑ Through the Решение Зеленоградского районного Совета депутатов от 17 июня 2002 г. № 177 «Об утверждении административных границ сельских и поселковых округов, входящих в состав муниципального образования" Зеленоградский район "Калининградской области" (Decision of the Council of Representatives of the Rajons Selenogradsk of 17 June 2002, no. 177: By defining the administrative borders of the village and settlement areas as part of the municipal education "Zelenogradsk Raion" of the Kaliningrad Oblast)
13. ↑ Viking Age site Wiskiauten ( Memento from February 28, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
14. ↑ Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 3: Kr – O , Halle 1822, p. 5, item 4853,
15. ^ Karl Emil Gebauer : Customer of the Samland or history and topographical-statistical picture of the East Prussian landscape Samland . Königsberg 1844, p. 121, paragraph 10.
16. ↑ Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the Königsberg administrative region : Berlin 1966, Fischhausen district, p. 2, item 43.
17. ^ ^{A b} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. samland.html # ew33fschcranz. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
18. ^ Cranzer townscape and individual buildings ostpreussen.net, with brief information
19. ↑ Sacred buildings in the city district of Zelenogradsk Prussia 39, with current information (No. 5, 6, 2, in Russian)
20. ^ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty of Kaliningrad ( Memento of August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
21. ^ Cranz (Samland) Jewish communities
22. ↑ ^{a b} Patrick White, Flaws in the Glass, A self-portrait, London, 1981, p. 41. ISBN 0-14-006293-9