Aléria

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Aléria
Aléria (France)
Aléria
region Corsica
Department Upper Corsica
Arrondissement Corte
Canton Ghisonaccia
Community association Oriente
Coordinates 42 ° 7 '  N , 9 ° 31'  E Coordinates: 42 ° 7 '  N , 9 ° 31'  E
height 0-102 m
surface 58.33 km 2
Residents 2,162 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 37 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 20270
INSEE code 2B009

Fort of Aléria

Aléria (Corsican: Aleria ) is a French commune with 2162 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) on the island of Corsica . It is located on a plateau, roughly in the middle of the east coast of the island, at the mouth of the Tagnone in the Tavignano , which shortly afterwards reaches the Mediterranean .

history

Greek settlers from Phocia built around 565 BC on the site of former Old and Neolithic dwellings . BC in Corsica a settlement under the name Alalia ( Ἀλαλίη , with Herodotus Ἀλλαλία ). After the expulsion from their hometown on the coast of Asia Minor between the Gulf of Elaia and the hometown of Smyrna by the Persians (546 BC), many Phocaeans settled in Alalia. In the course of the immigration, several sanctuaries were built, including a sanctuary of Artemis . Some of the city's residents acted as pirates and made the waters unsafe, which turned the trading power Carthage and the Etruscans against them. In a joint action, the Greeks were defeated in the sea ​​battle of Alalia in 540 BC. Defeated BC. Then they had to leave the city and settled in Elea, Campania . Alalia became Etruscan.

The Etruscans ruled the city until the 3rd century BC. After the Romans had broken the supremacy of the Etruscans, Corsica and Alalia became a Carthaginian protectorate for a short time. 259 BC The city was conquered by Lucius Cornelius Scipio during the first Punic War . With the establishment of the colony Sardinia et Corsica , the city finally became Roman. Sulla founded the Roman colony colonia Aleria in the city . According to the plans of Caius Julius Caesar , the colony was acquired by the Legion III of Octavian between 36 and 27 BC. Rebuilt. Now the colony was called Colonia Veneria Julia Pacensis Restituta Tertianorum Aleria . After the creation of the province of Corsica , the city was the seat of the provincial administrator. A division of the classis Milenensis was stationed in the port . The city with an ordo decurionum was administered by Duumviri during the Roman Empire . There is also evidence of a flaminate and, in the late imperial period, a principalis coloniae Aleriae .

Aleria ruins

In the south, in Casabianda, an ancient, classical and Hellenistic necropolis was found. In the inner city of Aleria you can still find the remains of the city wall, the amphitheater and the trapezoidal forum with the capitol and the governor's praetorium .

Plan of the ancient Aleria

The city survived due to its importance and size as a bishopric since 591. At the time of Gregory the Great , Aléria was one of three Corsican bishoprics alongside Ajaccio and Sagona . In 601 he filled the post that had remained vacant for a long time. The story of the next 200 years is in the dark. A bishop is only attested for the year of the Arab destruction. In 1092 the Corsican dioceses were reorganized by Pope Gregory VII and Pisa was subordinated to the new Metropolitan Authority. In 1133 the area of ​​the diocese was divided between the two cities under pressure from Genoa , Aléria remained with Pisa. The diocese of Aléria comprised 18 parishes called pievi . The bishopric was entrusted several times during reform phases by Popes to Dominicans , Franciscans or Augustinians . In the late Middle Ages , the bishops moved their seat from Aléria to Cervione .

Population development

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2007 2016
Residents 778 1.913 2,885 2,410 2,022 1,966 2.007 2,206
Sources: Cassini and INSEE

economy

In the municipality there are controlled designations of origin (AOC) for brocciu , honey (Miel de Corse - Mele di Corsica) , olive oil (Huile d'olive de Corse - Oliu di Corsica) and wine (Vin de Corse or Corse blanc, rosé and rouge) as well as Protected Geographical Indications (IGP) for clementines (Clémentine de Corse) and wine (Ile de Beauté blanc, rosé or rouge and Méditerranée blanc, rosé and rouge) . Corsica's largest wine producers' association, the Union des Vignerons de l'Île de Beauté , has been based in Aléria since 1976 .

literature

Web links

Commons : Aléria  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Herodotus 1,166
  2. ↑ Pliny the Younger , nat. 3.12.1
  3. ↑ Le village d'Aléria. In: Annuaire-Mairie.fr. Retrieved July 7, 2012 (French).