Bühlau (Dresden)

Bühlau District of the state capital Dresden Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 40 "  N , 13 ° 50 ′ 55"  E
Height :	240  (201-307)  m above sea level NN
Area :	3.43 km²
Incorporation :	April 1, 1921
Postal code :	01324
Area code :	0351
Location of the Bühlau district in Dresden

Bühlau is a district of Dresden . It is located in the east of the Saxon capital and belongs to the statistical district of Bühlau / Weißer Hirsch . Bühlau is located outside the Elbe Valley between Dresdner Heide and Schönfelder Hochland . Mentioned for the first time in 1349, it formed a rural community with Quohren from 1839 and was incorporated into Dresden in 1921 . Today one of Dresden's villa districts is located in Bühlau .

geography

Villas shape the image of the district

Bühlau is located seven kilometers east of Dresden city center, the inner old town . It is at an average altitude of about 240  m above sea level. NN , whereby the terrain is very uneven. The lowest point of Bühlaus is in the Loschwitzgrund at a good 200  m above sea level. NN , in the southeast of the district , the terrain rises to the Schönfeld highlands to more than 300  m above sea level. NN at. In the north, Bühlau reaches the edge of the Dresdner Heide , where the Bühlau forest gardens are located. In the west it borders along the Nachtflügelweg on the Weißen Hirsch and at the Neugersdorfer Straße on Oberloschwitz . Neighboring southwest is Rochwitz . To the south of the Bühlau district is Gönnsdorf , which is already part of the Schönfeld-Weißig village ; to the east is Weißig . Together with the Weißer Hirsch, Rochwitz and parts of Loschwitz, Bühlau forms the statistical district of Bühlau / Weißer Hirsch , which belongs to the Loschwitz district.

Tram line 11 to Bühlau

The district of Bühlau is divided into several parts. The Quohren district is in the southeast . In the center, in the area of ​​Ullersdorfer Platz / Quohrener Straße, the village center, the old upper village, is located in a flat hollow. With the neighboring village center of Quohrens, it enjoys a joint protection status in the "Preservation statute for historic village centers in the urban area of ​​Dresden" because of the still existing old village buildings. To the north and west is the villa district of Neubühlau.

The most important street in the district is Bautzner Landstrasse, which runs through Bühlau as Bundesstrasse 6 in an east-west direction and is called Bautzner Strasse from the Mordgrundbrücke in the direction of the city . It is used by tram line 11. At Ullersdorfer Platz the Ullersdorfer Landstraße ( State Road 181 ) branches off in the direction of Radeberg . Another important road connection is the Grundstraße, which as State Road 167 leads downhill through the Loschwitzgrund to Loschwitz to the Blue Wonder . Several bus lines , including the 61 and 84 of DVB and several lines of Müller Bus and RVSOE , go to Bühlau.

Cultural monuments and other buildings

→ Main article : List of cultural monuments in Bühlau (Dresden)

St. Michael's Church and Cemetery

St. Michael's Church

The simple Bühlau cemetery chapel

The Protestant St. Michaels Church on Quohrener Strasse was built for Bühlau and Rochwitz at the end of the 19th century. Believers from both towns visited the churches in Weißig and Schönfeld until regular services were held in the Bühlau school from 1890. The lack of space in this temporary solution led to the decision to build an own church. The groundbreaking ceremony took place on July 21, 1898. Woldemar Kandler provided the design for the neo-Gothic building with its 43 meter high tower . It was consecrated on October 29, 1899, and so was the neighboring rectory in 1901. Since 1904 the church has been equipped with an original Jehmlich organ . The building, initially called the Church of the Redeemer , was renamed St. Michaels Church in 1949 and extensively renovated between 1973 and 1980. It offers space for 550 believers.

The Bühlau cemetery was inaugurated on January 1, 1898 and expanded in 1934. The cemetery chapel was built four years later. Rest in the cemetery include Herrmann Rühle , the architect of the nearby Dresden TV tower , and the glass artist Oskar Fritz Beier , who also designed the round lead glass window of the chapel. A very melodious death bell with a dark tone, similar to the big bell of the Blasewitz Heilig-Geist-Kirche, usually rings at the funerals in the churchyard .

Methodist Peace Church

A second place of worship is the Methodist Church . It is located on Neubühlauer Strasse and was consecrated as a Peace Church on May 24, 1896 . Used as a Volkssturm barracks in the last days of World War II , it was refurbished in 1952. Today it also serves as a meeting center and guest house.

town hall

→ Main article : Bühlau town hall

The town hall, built in 1899 on Bautzner Landstrasse, was the seat of the municipal council and the mayor until Bühlaus was incorporated into Dresden. Today it serves as a medical center. In addition, a branch of the municipal libraries has been located in the rooms of the former Ratskeller restaurant since 1947. This branch became Dresden's first open access library in 1956, after previously only magazine stocks were available.

Kurhaus

Kurhaus Bühlau 2016

The Kurhaus Bühlau located on Ullersdorfer Platz emerged from the old Bühlauer Dorfgasthof first mentioned in 1608 and opened in 1899. Until 1945, with its large hall, it was the social center of what is now the district. It escaped the air raids on Dresden in 1945 and was one of the few remaining event buildings in Dresden in the post-war period. Under the direction of Joseph Keilberth , the first concert of the Saxon State Opera after the end of the war took place in the Kurhaus on July 16, 1945 . On April 7, 1946, the Saxon regional associations of the KPD under Wilhelm Koenen and the SPD under Otto Buchwitz united to form the Saxon SED regional association. In 1972 the Kurhaus was transferred to the HO and was renovated between 1979 and 1986. The restaurant was closed in 1991, and the Kurhaus then stood empty for years. A renovation began in 1997, and today it serves as a district center.

Sanatorium and swimming pool

Waldseilpark Dresden on the site of the former Bühlau outdoor pool

The Bühlauer Sanatorium was inaugurated in 1904 as the "Kaiser-Barbarossa-Bad". On May 30, 1908, an outdoor pool opened on the site. The health resort ran with minor interruptions until 1928. Then it was a retirement home for retired civil servants, today the building is used as a residential complex for the elderly. The outdoor pool was rebuilt, reopened in 1930 and taken over by the City of Dresden in 1939. A renovation took place between 1979 and 1981; In 2006 the Bühlau outdoor pool was closed. The area has been used as a high-wire climbing garden since 2007.

school

The first Bühlau school was built in 1806 on Quohrener Strasse. Since ever larger capacities were necessary, two additional buildings were built in the immediate vicinity in 1861 and 1889. After several expansions and renovations, the latter remained the seat of the 60th elementary, secondary and primary school until 2007. After its closure, the new Dresden-Bühlau grammar school was built in its place .

fire Department

The Dresden-Bühlau volunteer fire brigade was founded on April 27, 1901. It has had its headquarters at Neukircher Strasse 1 since 1914. Today it is called the Bühlau district fire department and is one of the 22 district fire departments in Dresden . It has been headed by Frank Pfeiffer since 2010.

Wage Mill

In the Lohmühle, one of three former Bühlauer mills, was first with the water power of Loschwitz stream as Gerberlohe needed oak bark from the Dresden Heath ground. After the old building burned down in 1847, a new replacement building was erected at Grundstrasse 171, which served as a grinding and oil mill as well as a steam laundry and was in operation as a bakery until 1944. Today the building is used as a residential building.

history

General

Bühlau ("Dürrebiehla") at the time of the Seven Years' War , during which the upper village burned down

Bühlau was first mentioned in a document in 1349 in the feudal book of Frederick the Strict as "Bele". The place name is of Old Sorbian origin, indicates a Slavic foundation and means "bright / white place" (cf. Biehla ). In 1412 the village was called "Belen". In the 16th century, the forms "Bela", "Byle", "Belaw" and "Pele" are documented one after the other. It is called "Biehla" in 1623 and in 1627 as "Bihla". In 1791 the name “Bühlau” was finally found. The diversity of historical place names was also reflected in modern times - in 1875 the place was also called “Biela” in addition to “Bühlau”. During this time the place name had the addition "near Dresden" to distinguish it from the village of the same name near Stolpen, 20 kilometers to the east .

At the time of its first mention, Bühlau belonged to the Blasewitz landlord Nikolaus Karras , later it was subordinate to the feudal lords of the Helfenberg manor . In addition to the old street village along Quohrener Strasse, which has since been referred to as Oberdorf, a community of cottagers came to the Bautzner Landstrasse by the 16th century at the latest . It was called Neubühlau or Niederdorf. The oldest Bühlauer houses, which were built in the 17th century, are also located here. Other districts were Adelig-Bühlau on Grundstrasse with its three water mills attested to in the 17th century and the forest workers' settlement Dürr-Bühlau on Ullersdorfer Landstrasse, where a rider on horseback had sat since 1596. The Dresdner Heide was allowed to be used by the Bühlau farmers as a hut forest . During the Seven Years' War there was fighting in the Bühlau area and the upper village burned down. On May 12, 1813, a village fire destroyed 15 Bühlau farmsteads .

Weißig-Bühlau station on July 1, 1908, the day the Dürrröhrsdorf – Weißig railway line was inaugurated

Over the centuries, the individual Bühlau districts and the neighboring Quohren grew closer and closer together. In 1839 they were united to form the rural community "Bühlau with Quohren". In the late 19th century, numerous residential and commercial buildings were built in Neubühlau, mainly along Bautzner Landstrasse. In 1896 Bühlau received a connection to the Dresden tram network ; the line was extended in 1908 as the " Bühlauer Außenbahn " to Weißig and thus established the connection to the Dürrröhrsdorf – Weißig railway line opened in the same year . Around 1900 Bühlau enjoyed great popularity as a summer retreat among the residents of the nearby residential city of Dresden. After the community had been renamed "Bühlau" by a resolution of the Saxon Ministry of the Interior of July 8, 1907, it was incorporated into Dresden on April 1, 1921 . From the 1920s, construction continued until the Second World War. In the time of the GDR , the undestroyed Bühlau was not only important as a residential district, but also for agriculture.

Population development

year	Residents
1552	16 possessed men , 9 residents
1764	19 possessed men, 1 gardener, 31 cottagers
1834	587
1871	880
1890	1,715
1910	3,541
1925	4,949

Personalities

• The cartwright and caravan manufacturer Richard Nagetusch was born in Bühlau in 1904.
• The literary and music critic Rudolf Wustmann spent his twilight years in Bühlau and died in the village on April 18, 1916.
• The glass painter and grinders Oskar Fritz Beier learned in his father's glass workshop Beier & Walther, Dresden Johann city, from 1922 to 1925, the glazier trade . He died in 1972 and rests in the Bühlau cemetery.
• The painter, graphic artist and draftsman Wilhelm Rudolph lived and worked in his house on Kirschauer Strasse in Bühlau for the last two decades of his life. Until his death in 1982 he was artistically active there and also painted, drawn and cut motifs of people, animals, trees, plants and landscapes from and near Bühlau .

literature

• Roland Lorenz: District stories Bühlau , Hochland-Verlag Pappritz, ISBN 3-934047-24-6
• Roland Lorenz: Encounters with Bühlau , Hochland-Verlag Pappritz, ISBN 3-934047-41-6 .
• Roland Lorenz: Impressions of Bühlau , Hochland-Verlag Pappritz, ISBN 3-934047-30-0 .
• Folke Stimmel, Reinhardt Eigenwill et al .: Stadtlexikon Dresden , Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 1994.

Web links

Commons : Bühlau  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• District history

Individual evidence

1. ^ Preservation statute for historic village centers in the urban area of ​​Dresden. (PDF; 76 kB) June 4, 1992, p. 1 , accessed on February 12, 2014 . 
2. ↑ Dresden line network. (PDF file, 0.6 MB) Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe, January 3, 2017, accessed on November 24, 2019 (route plan overview ). 
3. ↑ St. Michaels Church. In: dresdner-stadtteile.de. Retrieved February 12, 2014 . 
4. ↑ Evangelical Methodist Church of Peace. In: dresdner-stadtteile.de. Retrieved February 12, 2014 . 
5. ^ Library of Bühlau. In: bibo-dresden.de. Dresden City Libraries, accessed on May 27, 2016 . 
6. ↑ Kurhaus Bühlau. In: dresdner-stadtteile.de. Retrieved February 12, 2014 . 
7. ↑ Bühlau outdoor pool. In: dresdner-stadtteile.de. Retrieved February 12, 2014 . 
8. ↑ Reconstruction and expansion of the Bühlau grammar school. In: dresden.de. Retrieved May 27, 2016 . 
9. ↑ Dresden-Bühlau grammar school. In: gymnasium-buehlau.de. Retrieved February 12, 2014 . 
10. ↑ Defense management. Dresden-Bühlau district fire brigade, accessed on May 27, 2016 . 
11. ↑ Grundstrasse. In: dresdner-stadtteile.de. Retrieved February 12, 2014 . 
12. ↑ ^{a b} Bühlau in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
13. ^ Roland Lorenz: Bühlau. In: Landeshauptstadt Dresden (Ed.): Dresden town halls. A documentation. designXpress, Dresden 2010, p. 80. Without ISBN.