Mont Cenis tunnel

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The railway tunnel: portal on the Italian side

The Mont-Cenis-Tunnel or Fréjus-Tunnel ( French Tunnel du Mont Cenis or Tunnel du Fréjus ) are a railroad and a toll motorway tunnel in the Alps between France ( Savoy ) and Italy ( Piedmont ) on the connection between the places Modane and Bardonecchia . It is one of the most important transit routes through the Alps.

The railway line , opened in 1871, served from the beginning as a connection from Great Britain with the Mediterranean ports to the Suez Canal in the direction of the then British colony of India. Until the opening of the Gotthard Tunnel in 1882, the Mont Cenis Tunnel was the longest tunnel in the world. The parallel road tunnel was opened in 1980.

The two traffic routes pass under the Pointe de Fréjus ( 2932  m ) and the Col de Fréjus ( 2542  m ) in the Mont-Cenis massif , but are about 30 kilometers from the pass of the same name .

Railway tunnel

The railway tunnel (usually called the Mont-Cenis-Tunnel ) was built from 1857 and opened on September 17, 1871 with a length of 12.2 kilometers, making it the oldest large Alpine tunnel. The original construction time was supposed to be 25 years, thanks to the propulsion with pneumatic hammer drills from 1861 and the electric ignition of the explosive charges it could be shortened to 14 years. If the construction rate had been maintained from 1857 to 1860 (when these new techniques were not yet used), completion would have taken 40 to 50 years. The breakthrough came on December 25th, 1870. The tunnel made it possible for the first time to connect the European capitals Rome and Paris via Turin and Grenoble quickly and is still located on a railway line of European importance.

Until the opening of the Gotthard tunnel in 1882, it was the longest tunnel in the world.

The straight length of the two-track tunnel (including the two directional tunnels built for surveying reasons) was 12,219 meters. The actual length of the tunnel with the exits on both sides in curves, however, reached 12,819.6 meters. In 1881, due to subsidence of the area south of Modane, an extension of the tunnel and relocation of the north portal became necessary. Since then, the length of the tunnel has been 13,657.45 meters.

The construction of the approximately 52-kilometer-long Mont Cenis base tunnel for a new high-speed line Lyon - Turin is planned .

Road tunnel

The road tunnel (usually referred to as the Fréjus tunnel ) was opened in 1980 and replaced car loading by rail. It has a length of 12.870 kilometers. The tunnel has only one tube with two lanes. As a result of the accident in the Mont Blanc tunnel in 1999, safety in the tunnel has been improved. Among other things, trucks can turn around in five places in the tunnel in an emergency.

On June 4, 2005, two people were killed in a fire in the tunnel, and 19 people suffered from smoke inhalation . A truck loaded with tires caught fire in the nearly 13-kilometer tunnel after it had already lost diesel . The flames caught five other vehicles, including three trucks. The tunnel then remained closed until August 3, 2005 because the ceiling had partially collapsed.

See also

Movies

literature

  • Ascanio Schneider: Europe's mountain railways. Orell Füssli Verlag, Zurich, 2nd edition 1967, pp. 109, 111

Web links

Commons : Mont Cenis Tunnel  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tunneling  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.e-pics.ethz.ch  
  2. ↑ American Heritage.com ( Memento of the original from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.americanheritage.com

Coordinates: 45 ° 8 ′ 26.8 ″  N , 6 ° 41 ′ 20.4 ″  E

Motorways in France ( list )
Basic network

A 1  • A 2  • A 3  • A 4  • A 5  • A 6  • A 7  • A 8  • A 9  • A 10  • A 11  • A 12  • A 13  • A 14  • A 15  • A 16  • A 19  • A 20  • A 21  • A 22  • A 23  • A 25  • A 26  • A 27  • A 28  • A 29  • A 30  • A 31  • A 33  • A 34  • A 35  • A 36  • A 38  • A 39  • A 40  • A 41  • A 42  • A 43  • A 46  • A 47  • A 48  • A 49  • A 50  • A 51  • A 52  • A 54  • A 55  • A 57  • A 61  • A 62  • A 63  • A 64  • A 65  • A 66  • A 68  • A 71  • A 72  • A 75  • A 77  • A 81  • A 82  • A 83  • A 84  • A 85  • A 86  • A 87  • A 88  • A 89

Supplementary routes

A 103  • A 104  • A 105  • A 106  • A 115  • A 126  • A 131  • A 132  • A 139  • A 140  • A 150  • A 151  • A 154  • A 186  • A 211  • A 216  • A 304  • A 311  • A 313  • A 314  • A 315  • A 320  • A 330  • A 340  • A 344  • A 350  • A 351  • A 352  • A 391  • A 404  • A 406  • A 410  • A 411  • A 430  • A 432  • A 450  • A 466  • A 480  • A 500  • A 501  • A 502  • A 507  • A 515  • A 516  • A 517  • A 520  • A 551  • A 552  • A 557  • A 570  • A 620  • A 621  • A 623  • A 624  • A 630  • A 631  • A 641  • A 645  • A 660  • A 680  • A 710  • A 711  • A 712  • A 714  • A 719  • A 750  • A 811  • A 813  • A 837  • A 844

Lines under construction

A 355

planned routes

A 56  • A 260  • A 319  • A 810

former routes
Reallocation

A 53  • A 67  • A 73  • A 74  • A 170  • A 199  • A 203  • A 401  • A 701  • A 801  • A 821

rejected
planning

A 17  • A 18  • A 24  • A 32  • A 37  • A 44  • A 45  • A 58  • A 79  • A 110  • A 112  • A 346  • A 400  • A 508  • A 510  • A 585  • A 650  • A 749  • A 831  • A 851

Road system in Italy
Motorways (Autostrade)

A 1  • A 2  • A 3  • A 4  • A 5  • A 6  • A 7  • A 8  • A 9  • A 10  • A 11  • A 12  • A 13  • A 14  • A 15  • A 16  • A 18  • A 19  • A 20  • A 21  • A 22  • A 23  • A 24  • A 25  • A 26  • A 27  • A 28  • A 29  • A 30  • A 31  • A 32  • A 33  • A 34  • A 35  • A 36  • A 91  • Catania – Siracusa  • Sistiana – Rabuiese  • Pedemontana Veneta

City bypasses (tangents)
(Autostrade tangenziali)

A 50  • A 51  • A 52  • A 53  • A 54  • A 55  • A 56  • A 57  • A 58  • A 59  • A 60  • A 90 / GRA

Motorway junctions
(Diramazioni autostradali)

A 1dir  • A 1var  • A 2dirNA  • A 2dirRC  • A 4 / A 5  • A 8 / A 26  • A 11 / A 12  • A 14dir  • A 18dir  • A 19dir  • A 21dir  • A 21racc  • A 26 / A 4  • A 26 / A 7  • A 29dir  • A 29dirA  • A 29racc  • A 29racc to

Motorway
feeder (Raccordi autostradali)

RA 1  • RA 2  • RA 3  • RA 4  • RA 5  • RA 6  • RA 8  • RA 9  • RA 10  • RA 11  • RA 12  • RA 13  • RA 14  • RA 15  • RA 16

Tunnel highways
(Trafori)

T 1  • T 2  • T 4 

Highways in planning

Regional Cispadana  • Nogara - Mare  • Venezia - Roma  • Roma - Latina

rededicated routes

A 2  • A 16  • A 17  • A 18  • RA 17  • T 3