Kösener Seniors Convent Association

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Kösener Seniors Convent Association
The Kösener diamond, the symbol of the Kösener Seniors Convents Association.
founding July 15, 1848 in Jena
resolution September 28, 1935
Reconstitution May 19, 1951 at the Godesburg
Members 103 Kösener Corps
at 42 university locations (2018)
management Suburbs of the KSCV
Old Masters Association Association of Old Corps Students
Antitrust agreement Weinheim
Senior Citizens' Convention ( WSC )
Association body CORPS Magazin, circulation 22,000, four issues per year
Office VAC office
Parkstrasse 3
06628 Bad Kösen
Website www.die-corps.de

The Kösener Seniors Convents Association (KSCV) is an umbrella organization of student associations founded in 1848 . The corps resident today in Germany, Austria, Belgium, Hungary and Switzerland are rooted in German idealism . Quite a few are older than 200 years. In the 2018 summer semester there were 103 Kösener Corps at 42 university locations. Around 2,300 students and more than 13,000 working academics from all continents are “Kösener Corps students”.

Principles

The non-built house of the corps students in Kosen
Kösen, Courageous Knight, old meeting room until 1900

The KSCV is organized as a non-registered association and has its headquarters with an office in Bad Kösen . In contrast to the other corporation associations , it does not consist of individual associations, but of the Senior Citizens' Convents (SC). According to this subsidiarity , votes at the Kösener Congress are usually based on SC, only exceptionally based on CC.

The statutes and statutes of the Kosen associations exclude a general political mandate . The KSCV, the Senior Citizens' Convention and the Corps therefore do not comment on current politics and operate cautious public relations. In contrast, university policy engagement is promoted. KSCV and VAC rely on statutes, history, associations, WSC cartel and fencing commissions. As the only corporation association , the KSCV has always published its member lists in the Kösener corps lists.

The Kösener Corps maintain the measure , the "taking measurements" with student fencing weapons . The self-given colors are their most important identity feature . Although no corps is like another, certain forms unite all corps. This, too, distinguishes them as a whole from other types of corporation. Deeply “German” in intellectual history , the corps have always been open to students of all races, denominations and nationalities. Tolerance is one of her strengths:

“There were neither political nor religious fanatics and zealots, but also no renegades and apostates; because a deep wisdom set the limit wide and left the individual, regardless of the common view and ideas, the unlimited freedom of personal conviction. "

- Kurt v. Terzenheim

Membership of individual members in several corps of the KSCV is possible in most corps. In contrast, the few remaining life corps ( Onoldia and Bavaria Munich ) remain among themselves. Your corps brothers cannot be active in another corps and members of other corps cannot be accepted.

On the concept of honor, Wilhelm Liebermann von Wahlendorf said:

“The Corps were an island when all the terms of honor at the time collapsed after the fall of Germany in 1918. When all the officer corps that held the Kösener corps sank; and what raised them far above the officer corps was that community and comradeship were not cultivated by higher and lower ranks and out of fear of punishment and superiors, but by completely equal people who had come together through common concepts of honor. "

- Wilhelm Liebermann von Wahlendorf

prehistory

Corps in Europe

At the end of the 18th century, small circles and country associations were formed that required written rules for student interaction. They joined together to form senior citizens' conventions (SC) and agreed binding SC comments . The claim to sole representation was justified insofar as all country associations were involved in the SC. In contrast, the original fraternity strived for a "general fraternity", the union of all fellow students . This naturally led to conflicts with the senior citizens' convents. In dealing with that “revolutionary” idea, the identity of the corps was formed. “Corps studenthood” was no longer “student body”. The fact that the KSCV is the “most diversified corporation association” can be attributed to the ideology-free adaptation of the corps to sociological developments in the 19th century. Unlike the original fraternity, they did not strive for a unified student body and nation or a republic . The emancipation and differentiation (sociology) of the bourgeoisie and the academization of the nobility (which started only in Germany) were reflected in the small wreaths, "Landsmannschaften" and corps.

So playing seniority in KSCV a major role from the beginning. Because of her, before and after the First World War, a lively interest in one's own corps history developed, especially when an official backdate of the foundation year could be hoped for. This "vanity" led to bitter disputes, for example in the 1920s between Littuania and Masovia and in 1934 in the (still controversial) backdate of Guestphalia Halle from 1840 to 1789. These battles brought the barely measurable profit that only the Kösener Corps document their membership consistently and publish them in the Kösener corps lists. Many corps can come up with an in-depth, mostly printed, analysis of their history.

The first suggestions to bring the corps together came from Erlangen in 1818 and 1820. In 1821, Saxo-Borussia and the Heidelberg Senior Citizens' Convention proposed that all corps be united. Given their geographical proximity, the Saxon SC from Jena, Leipzig and Halle have always maintained good relationships. They often met at the Rudelsburg near Kösen . They agreed in writing on March 4, 1821 a General Seniors' Convention (ASC). This forerunner of the KSCV met in secret at different locations (Halle, Köstritz, Camberg) until 1842. Halle was no longer there from 1838.

Foundation of the association

Friedrich v. Klinggräff

Accelerated by the progress and the founding of other student associations, the need for an exchange on the idea of ​​“corps students” grew at the universities of the German Federation . The background included the German Revolution 1848/1849 and the second Wartburg Festival in 1848 . There the corps faced a “left”, republican-national majority, so that the need for joint representation was recognized. The instructions for the delegates of the Heidelberg Senior Citizens' Convention read:

"You should only recognize those connections as corps who submit to the commentary and senior citizens' convention, which exclude all political purposes and tendencies that do not reject the duel and who cultivate the special student duel among like-minded students who do not include any closer real connections, who has not fought at least once, who have finally set up another connection for the foxes to train them for the closer real connection and keep the foxes away from all participation in the decisions of the SC and the connection. They should also request the establishment of an arbitration tribunal to avoid SC divisions. "

On July 15, 1848, eleven German SC met at the instigation of Friedrich von Klinggräff for a joint congress in Jena. This meeting is considered to be the founding of the Kösener SC Association. Soon afterwards, Kösen with the Brave Knight and the Rudelsburg was chosen as the conference venue. Regular annual meetings took place from 1855.

Civil servant

In the state administration, the "active constitution" ( Lorenz von Stein ), Corps students were represented in the lead. There were 102 corps students in the Reichstag of the North German Confederation . The first two presidents of the Reichsgericht came from the Königsberger Corps. When Prince Prussia and Otto von Bismarck's sons became active and two corps students led the empire , the corps achieved undisputed dominance in social and political life in Germany. There was no shortage of offspring and the old "raised" the young. Already at the oKC 1881 the old men of the corps outnumbered the active members to such an extent that the active members' congress was jokingly called "Nebenkösener".

Even outside the university locations , the corps students from all circles in their hometowns had organized themselves as old men in the AHSC and district associations since the end of the 1850s , which came together in 1888 at the national level in the Association of Old Corps Students . During the imperial era, the KSCV defined itself as a “monument building association” through its monuments near the Rudelsburg . Where “Kösener” met regularly, they founded regular tables and the AHSC. In the Reich, Stallupönen and Metz were the most distant AHSCs. Outside the imperial borders, AHSC were in Bern , Zurich , Vienna , Trieste , Paris , St. Petersburg and others. a. also originated in Linz and Mitau . With the acquisition of Kiautschou , the German Empire reached its largest area. And there were corps students all over the world. AHSC was founded in New York City in 1882 , later in Tsingtau , Windhoek and Boston . Diplomats, naval doctors and administrators met in the colonies' bases.

Kösener window

Since the Corps Onoldia “opened the way 100 years ago in the glorious history of the German Corps”, the Kösener SC Association donated two glass windows with the student coats of arms of all Kösener Corps to Onoldia in 1898 . They were designed by Gustav Adolf Closs and manufactured by Franz Xaver Zettler in Munich.

  • 1. Kösener window

  • 2. Kösener window

Parliament

Prince Bismarck †

At the time of the German Empire , 7 out of 13 Reichstag presidents were Kösener Corps students:

First World War

In the First World War 2,538 Kösener Corps students died. The lion monument was erected in their honor . In the presence of Chargierten of 125 Corps was inaugurated on October 16, 1926th

Weimar Republic

After the First World War , the Strasbourg corporations were the only ones evicted from their university and forced to suspend or relocate. The four corps united in the Strasbourg performance .

New corps

Inauguration of the lion monument (1926)

In 1919 and 1920 the KSCV experienced significant growth: Corps from Austrian , Bohemian and Moravian universities (Graz, Leoben, Vienna, Prague and Brno) and from the Tharandt Forestry University as well as the Pépinière corps relocated to Hamburg were accepted into the KSCV. In 1920 there were 116 Kösener Corps with 3,500 active and inactive and 20,126 old men (multi-band men not counted individually). Alemannia Czernowitz - the last of the three Czernowitz corps - was rejected in 1926. With the admission of SC zu Tharandt (1922), the association reached its greatest strength to date. It consisted of 24 Imperial German, four German-Austrian and three foreign (Brno, Prague and Zurich) senior citizens' conventions.

Volkish ideas

The Kyffhäuser Association had brought politics - in a Greater German and anti-Semitic color - into the student body and made a name for itself, especially in Berlin. Above all, the General Landsmannschafts-Convent and the Representatives-Convent professed anti-Semitism. After 1882/83 the discussion in the corporation associations subsided; but anti-Semitism remained (from around 1890) the “social norm”. In the bulk of the German and Austrian student body and in most of the corps, folk ideas had been widespread since the early 1920s.

“The Völkische rejected everything that was praised as progress by the parties in the resolution of July 19, 1917: Marxism because of its supranational ties and its political past, communism as its further stage of development, and finally democracy because they do not believe it made to be a better form of government than the monarchy. "

- Siegfried Schindelmeiser

The political and economic crisis after the First World War revived anti-Semitism. After the General German Burschenbund , the German Armed Forces and the German Burschenschaft , the KSCV and the German Landsmannschaft decided not to accept any more Jews. In Cartellverband could Engelbert Dollfuss not prevail with its sharp demands. At the oKC 1920 the KSCV ruled out the admission of Jews to one of its member corps. Previous corps members were not affected. At the request of the SC zu Leoben (Montania and Schacht), the provisions of the following year - on May 12, 1921 - were specified in "Basic Decisions":

“The admission of Jews to a corps is excluded. The awarding of corps badges in any form is also equivalent to admission. "

- Art. 3 part C KSt

"In order to ward off the dangers that threaten Germanism in the broader sense through Judaism, beyond corps students, the SC is to be given a completely free hand, in particular with regard to whether Jews are to be satisfied."

- Art. 9, Part C, KSt

Nothing has changed in the previous basic setting. The only new thing was that sons of corps students were not allowed to be accepted if they were considered Jews. But that was not expressly raised as a resolution. Rather, it was an interpretation that did not affect outsiders.

“The German-Völkisch direction turned away from liberalism. It therefore only hit the so-called liberal, i.e. H. cosmopolitan Judaism. There was also the fact that the Jews, who believed they had risen up in Germany, had come together in the cartel convention , so that this development did not have to lead to irreconcilable struggles. "

- Siegfried Schindelmeiser

General German weapon ring

In 1919 the KSCV was one of the founding members of the General German Arms Ring (ADW). As a special purpose association of all beating corporation associations, it should work out a binding order of honor, regulate mutual relationships and represent the interests of the arms students vis-à-vis the public, the media and politics. In general political issues, the association insisted on the political neutrality requirement of the Kösen statutes until 1933 and therefore refused to ratify the Erfurt Agreement between the General German Arms Ring and the National Socialist German Student Union (NSDStB). The ordinary Kösener Congress (oKC) of 1932 decided to leave the ADW. With that, the KSCV withdrew into isolation. Important corps students at that time were Carl Heyer , Hermann Kreth , Hermann Emil Kuenzer , Friedrich Landfried and Hermann Sabath .

Press work

Even before the founding of the empire, Ferdinand Lindner advocated university policy and public relations for all students in the corps. The librarian and student historian Carl Manfred Frommel organized the presentation of the KSCV as an academic association at the international press exhibition Pressa in Cologne in 1928 , which lasted six months. The aim of this participation in the exhibition was to correct the image that was scratched in the Reich public by the excesses of the time before the First World War and the social hostility of the corps students in the 1920s or, as Frommel defined it as a corps student, “... to give testimony to us in front of the public. “The participation in the exhibition was a complete success from the perspective of the KSCV.

time of the nationalsocialism

Synchronization

The first oKC after the victory of the National Socialist German Workers' Party in the Reichstag election in March 1933 took place on May 31, 1933. Before the beginning of the conference, two representatives of the NSDAP announced the demands of the party for the development of the student associations. They included the exclusion of Jews , the introduction of the Führer principle , close cooperation with the National Socialist German Student Union and the German Student Union , the entry of all association members into the SA , the re-entry into the ADW and the amendment of § 43 of the Kösener statutes in the following version: "Corps is an association of matriculated Aryan students at the same university with the aim of educating its members in the spirit of Adolf Hitler's worldview." Helmuth Brückner , President and Gauleiter in Silesia, should be appointed "Leader of the KSCV".

It was unclear what powers the two representatives had from the party offices. The suburb postponed the congress until this question was finally clarified. This was followed by a tumult between NSDAP members and other corps students. The General Committee (GA) of the VAC therefore asked the lawyer Max Blunck to go to Berlin with the representatives of VAC and on site for further consultations. Negotiations were to be held with the chairman and the representative of the German student body ( Gerhard Krüger and Karl Heinz Hederich ) and the state secretaries Hans Heinrich Lammers , Wilhelm Keppler and Paul Körner about the introduction of the Führer principle that Hitler wanted . As a result, Blunck was commissioned by the on-site and the entire committee - without the participation of the oKC - to lead the association in place of Brückner. Blunck was the leader of the German corps student body . The office was later called HKSCV and VAC for short . The leader . This initiated the coordination of the association.

Another step was the amalgamation of the "on the same basis" associations - KSCV, Weinheimer SC , Rudolstädter SC , Naumburger SC and Miltenberger Ring - to form the National Socialist Association of Corps Student Associations on September 22, 1933. The legal disputes over Corps studenthood in the early days of National Socialism are evident in the history of the Corps Baltia Königsberg .

In 1934 of the 28,000 Kösener Corps students, 234 were "non-Aryans" (0.84%) and 125 were "miscarried" (0.45%). With the re-entry into the ADW, the implementation of the Aryan paragraph was connected. Blunck had already announced after taking office: "The corps follow the Aryan regulations". The KSCV initially did not implement the stricter interpretation of the ADW. Rather, he followed the guidelines of the NSDAP, which provided exceptions for combatants from the front and those Jews who had already been in a secure position before 1914. Of the 104 corps at the time, all but seven reported that they no longer belonged to Jews or Freemasons . Five corps publicly refused to expel members who were Jewish : Borussia Halle , Vandalia Heidelberg , Rhenania Strasbourg zu Marburg , Suevia Munich and Suevia Tübingen . You were expelled from the association. In their memorandum to Bernhard Rust , the five corps wrote on June 27, 1934:

“It is precisely the strict conception of honor and loyalty that forms the basis of the corps concept. One touches on the core of the corps student idea when one touches the solemnly vowed loyalty between the corps and the self-chosen group of brothers. To exclude a corps brother without violating the duties assumed with the reception vow is, in our opinion, a breach of the loyalty vow and goes against our sense of honor. "

- Start of the memorandum

resolution

Werner Heringhaus as an Austrian

Even before 1933, many Corps students - like many other Germans - were placing their national and social hopes on National Socialism . The aoKC in 1934 decided unanimously: "The [...] Corps students [...] stand faithfully and completely behind their leader Adolf Hitler [...]." Nevertheless, especially from the spring of 1934, there was friction with the National Socialist German Student Union and the Hitler Youth .

As leader of the Association of Student Associations (GStV), Hans Heinrich Lammers excluded the Corps Palaiomarchia on September 3, 1935 from the GStV and thus from the KSCV; because it still had Jewish members. Blunck filed for custody against this measure by telegram. In a telegram of September 5, Lammers announced the exclusion of the KSCV from the GStV. He justified it with the refusal of the association leadership to follow the Aryan paragraph completely. When the exclusion was announced in the press the next day, Lammers resigned from the chairmanship of the GStV. On September 9, 1935, Blunck also resigned from his office. He applied for a corps student honorary council procedure against himself and commissioned his previous deputy Heringhaus with the provisional management of both associations. The association was now politically more and more difficult. After the chief of staff of the Sturmabteilung , Viktor Lutze, had banned all SA members from belonging to the KSCV, Heringhaus announced the dissolution of the association on September 28, 1935. Most of the 104 corps followed in October.

The Völkischer Beobachter commented on the dissolution of the association on October 3, 1935 with the words: "With its disappearance the reaction loses one of its strongest bastions." The Times wrote in its October 15, 1935 edition:

"With the flags raised high and a completely uncompromised tradition, corps students have marched out of public life in Germany, but by no means forever."

- The Times

After the four corps in Prague and Brno had founded the Prague Seniors Convents Association in 1933 , they were able to hold out until the rest of the Czech Republic was broken up in March 1939. In the corporate state (Austria) the Kösener Corps existed in Austria until the annexation of Austria . In the same year (1938) the Association of Alter Corps Students under the leadership of Ernst Schlange went into liquidation. Many old gentlemen's associations of the individual corps continued to exist.

Overall, the attitude of the Kösener Corps students towards National Socialism was ambivalent. Many corps students rejected egalitarian and totalitarian (and petty-bourgeois) socialism. Many lost their professional existence or their lives for this. Corps such as Baltia Königsberg and Saxo-Borussia Heidelberg lost the battle for corps students. They left the KSCV and the VAC and broke up. The often invoked resistance, however, was only offered by a minority of the 30,000 corps students at the time. Rosco Weber and Wolfgang Wippermann were particularly concerned with the Corps during the Nazi era . A good overview can be found on the Corps Arminia website .

Attempted reconstitution in 1944

On the initiative of Corps Misnia IV , ten people from Meißner, Tübingen Franconia , Würzburg Bavaria and Bonn Rhenanen decided on June 10, 1944 at the Lausitzerhaus to reconstitute the KSCV at the Rudelsburg: Günther Lange, Gert Puchstein, Eckart Förster , Wolf Sturm (Misnia); Herman Greiner (Franconia Tübingen); Robert Lang, Ullmann (Bavaria Würzburg); Erich Bohrer, Helmut Rübsaat, Karl Heumann (Rhenania Bonn). The chief negotiator was Meissner's senior Puchstein. As the guest book of Misnia and Lusatia 1940–1951 shows, there were twenty participants and observers at the Kommers on the Rudelsburg on June 11, 1944. He was headed by Lange (Thuringia Leipzig, Misnia). By Heidelberger SC camaraderie Axel sheep field denounced , Misnia was from the Gestapo with a high treason proceedings covered. In the turmoil of the last months of the war it all got lost. The original certificate and the guest book are in the archive of the Corps Lusatia Leipzig .

New beginning in 1950

In World War II, 3,610 students Corp had fallen.

In the post-war period , the corps came to life. The Erlangen Seniors 'Convent , the Munich Seniors' Convent and the SC zu Bonn were of particular importance for the new beginning of the corps students .

Interest group and re-establishment

The community of interests

6/7 January 1950 the SC zu Bonn called the corps to the corp house of the Rhenania Bonn . At the request of Thuringia Jena , the representatives of 20 corpsman convents decided to found an interest group. The IG met on June 3, 1950 for a congress on the Godesburg . The final re-establishment of the KSCV took place on May 19, 1951, also at the Godesburg: The congress passed the following resolution on that day with 38:32 CC votes with one abstention:

"The congress states that the self-dissolution of the KSCV in 1935, which was forced by the political situation, is null and void in accordance with the recognized principles of restitution and that the KSCV accordingly still exists."

- Decision of principle

The “German Seniors Convention” favored by the Munich Seniors Convention was not pursued any further. At the invitation of the Weinheim Senior Citizens' Convention , the Kösener congresses and parliamentary days in 1952 and 1953 took place at the Wachenburg .

Aid agency

In order to help the many displaced , unemployed and unsentified Corps students in the post-war period in finding jobs and contacts, the VAC and the Weinheimer Verband Alter Corpsstudenten established the Corps Student Aid Organization (Bochum) in 1950 , which continued the aid organizations of both associations.

West migration

The corps from Brno , Greifswald and Rostock and the Seniors 'Convent in Breslau , the Königsberg Seniors' Convent , the Halle Seniors 'Convent and the Seniors' Convent in Leipzig reconstituted or found interim solutions in West Germany or Austria . Corps later came to Augsburg, Bochum, Düsseldorf, Constance, Mainz, Passau, Potsdam, Regensburg, Saarbrücken, Salzburg and Trier. Some corps merged with friends or founded new ones. Georg Sporleder initiated traditional and sponsorship relationships with corps from central Germany and the eastern regions of the German Empire .

Wurzburg

The fact that the Kösener congresses were convened in Würzburg from 1954 was mainly thanks to Max Meyer and Philipp Zeitler . Meyer was rector of the Julius Maximilians University and campaigned for the corporations at the West German Rectors' Conference . Zeitler organized the reconstruction of the city , which was destroyed in the (senseless) bombing of Würzburg on March 16, 1945 . He sponsored the Kösener congresses that had been meeting in the Huttensaal since 1954 . On June 2, 1954, Werner Ranz gave the first speech at the Würzburg Residence .

For the 20th Kösener Congress in Würzburg, the VAC's Congress of Representatives decided to give the city 30,000 DM for the reconstruction of a town hall. At the reception of the city in the wine press hall of the Mainfränkisches Museum, VAC chairman Philipp W. Fabry presented the certificate to Mayor Zeitler. The donation was also intended to create a place of remembrance of Kosen’s bond with Würzburg. The “witch” in the Ratskeller was decorated with a memorial stone, a wall painting and a wrought-iron door grille with the Kösener diamond. The inscription reads:

THE RUDELSBURG TO KÖSEN AND THE FESTE MARIENBERG IN WÜRZBURG
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PAST AND PRESENT OF KÖSEN CORPORATE STUDENTS

At the 30th oKC in Würzburg (1984), the capital of Lower Franconia was given a symbolic tree that was supposed to show the new roots of Kosen. Afterwards, many AHSC and AHV donated trees for the green space at the new congress center, where a memorial stone commemorates the four decades in Kosen in Würzburg.

  • Memorial plaque in the courtyard of the Old University

  • Memorial stone at the congress center

  • Traditional room in the Ratskeller (1973)

  • 1. Morning pint

  • Rudelsburg and Marienberg festivals

  • Thanks to the city

Corps students and the Foreign Office

When a new foreign ministry was established in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1950 and 1951 under the old name of the Foreign Office , violent criticism arose from various quarters of the selection of the staff, especially the senior officials. The focus was, on the one hand, on former membership in the NSDAP , SA and SS , and on the other hand, on belonging to the corps of the Kosen Seniors' Convent. The disproportionate consideration of Kosenern, who had already been in office under Konstantin von Neurath , and partly also under Joachim von Ribbentrop , was already addressed in April 1950 by Die Neue Zeitung and the Allgemeine Wochenzeitung der Juden in Deutschland . Bernhard Reismann , a member of the Bundestag , wrote a letter to Konrad Adenauer in this regard , in which he also complained about the preponderance of Prussian-Protestant appeals. When this letter went unanswered, he wrote a highly regarded article in the weekly newspaper Das Zentrum . Even Robert Kempner criticized in an article for the Frankfurter Rundschau this practice. The Frankfurter Rundschau also published a five-part series of articles by Michael Mansfeld , which heightened the allegations and named names. A subcommittee of the Bundestag, various experts and finally a committee of inquiry of the Bundestag dealt with it.

The historian Hans-Jürgen Döscher has checked these allegations critically. In fact, according to him, eight out of 17 employees in the political department of the new Foreign Office were members of student corporations; "The Kösener Seniors Convent dominated both quantitatively and qualitatively". Döscher names, among other things, the deputy head of department Herbert Dittmann and the heads of division Ernst-Günther Mohr and Hans-Ulrich von Marchtaler . Kösener was also strongly represented in management positions in other departments and in particular in the human resources department. In a résumé, Döscher states that there are undoubtedly restorative tendencies and that professional diplomats employed under Neurath in particular shaped the face of the Foreign Office, while emigrants were hardly taken into account. Nevertheless, under the influence of Adenauer and Hans Globke, membership of student associations gradually lost importance.

In the article Corps Students in the Foreign Office in the Deutsche Corpszeitung, Erich tho Rahde had already opposed the charge of protection in 1925:

“Job hunting, as it is so often complained about today, is incompatible with the spirit of the corps student. And if one may have mistakenly assumed in the pre-war period that many had become corps students with a view to closer social ties with leading personalities and circles, today such a suspicion can truly not arise because, on the contrary, membership of the Kösener SC is more of a burden for the Advancement means. "

- Erich tho Rahde (1925)

1968

The KSCV experienced a crisis in the course of the 1968 movement with regard to compulsory censorship. After the Corps Palatia Bonn had been excluded from the association ten years earlier due to corresponding considerations, it was now discussed in the KSCV, as in all size-breaking student associations, whether the length fencing was still appropriate. Finally, four corps of the green circle resigned from the association in 1971/72 because of the fencing issue: Bremensia , Vandalo-Guestphalia, Suevia Tübingen and Rhenania Strasbourg zu Marburg . The Corps Marchia Bochum, which was only constituted in 1968, also gave up fencing and left the KSCV. At the same time there were controversial discussions about questions of university policy . For the first time since 1934, an aoKC (in Saarbrücken) took place in the autumn of 1968 .

Return and new locations

oKC in the Brave Knight (2019)

As the first student union in Germany, Thuringia Jena returned to the German Democratic Republic in the summer of 1990 . Soon after reunification , most of the north and central German corps moved their headquarters back to the original university location, to Rostock , Greifswald , Halle (Saale) , Leipzig , Jena , Tharandt and Dresden . A Breslau corps moved from Cologne to Frankfurt (Oder) in 2000 . The last Königsberger Corps went from Kiel to Potsdam in 2001 . With Tigurinia (II) , a Kösener Corps was constituted again in Switzerland in 2007 after 100 years. Two Kösener corps with “technical” roots have settled at technical universities - actually on Weinheim territory : Borussia Breslau at RWTH Aachen and Silvania at TU Dresden . The KSCV has been meeting again in Bad Kösen since 1994 . The suburb of Giessen commemorated the 25-year return with a ceremony at the Rudelsburg. Saxony-Anhalt's Minister Holger Stahlknecht and Senger Teutonia-Hercyniae, the local speaker from 1994, spoke .

Strength of the KSCV

year corps Active and inactive
1884 78 1,061
1887 79 2.176
1898 86 2,752
1914 97 2,914
1924 122 4,828
1933 118 5,606
1935 111 4,604
1952 93 2,261
1960 104 4,429
1961 104 4,670
1963 105 4,943
1965 106 5.102
1967 106 5,064
1968 107 4,989
1969 107 4,892
1970 106 4,393
1971 99 4.125
1972 97 3,228
1973 95 3,296
1983 2,500
2008 1,875
2009 1,975
2010 1,810
2011 2.116
2012 2.139
2013 101 2.110
2014 2,277

In 1973 the KSCV had 3,296 corps boys and inactive . The Association of Old Corps Students counted around 20,000 old men .

Handbook for German Corps Students (1912)

Circles

Associated Corps

Since 1954 there has been an association agreement between the association and the Corps Brandenburgia-Berlin to Cleveland / Ohio , which in 1974 was extended to include the reconstituted Teuto-Rugia. Both corps are suspended. With the Corps Flaminea Löwen and the Selonia in Riga , (lively) relationships of ideas have also recently been established. Since 2005 there has been a local representative for the Corps in the Baltic States .

Since 1887, numerous joint memberships with the consist Société d'Étudiants Germania Lausanne in French-speaking Switzerland ; 43 are listed in the Kösener Corps Student Handbook (1985). In 1975, the Scotsman built Ian Lilburn the Corp Student Association Scotto-Germania to London . In 2009 the Corps Nassovia was established in Szeged , which was transferred to Andrássy University in September 2012 . When Corps Nassovia Budapest was re-established on June 28, 2014, it was reciprocated from the suburb of Bonn to the KSCV.

The further expansion of the Kösener Corps student body was opposed until 2015 by the fact that according to the Kösener statutes only "Corps at German-speaking universities" could be accepted. This passage was changed at the ordinary Kösener Congress 2015, at the same time the German language was codified as the association language. On June 2, 2017, the Kösener Congress accepted the Corps Flaminea Löwen as the first non-German-speaking corps to become a full member of the association.

Relationships with other associations

The KSCV has been linked to the Weinheim Senior Citizens' Convention (WSC) since 1921 by a special purpose association and since 1955 by a cartel agreement that was drafted in 1952 by Hans-Reinhard Koch (Hassia, Rhenania Bonn) and reformulated in 2009. Both associations have had multi-band men for a long time. KSCV and WSC jointly publish the periodical CORPS Magazin . There are loose contacts with the Coburg Convent at the suburb level.

From the 1950s onwards, the KSCV also participated in the Convent of German Corporations Associations (CDK) in matters of university policy . It was ended in 1998 after a (fraternity) scandal at the anniversary of the opening of the Frankfurt National Assembly in the Frankfurt Paulskirche . Under the leadership of the suburb of Jena , the KSCV left the CDK.

In 1951, the KSCV was one of the founding members of the Andernach working group of the mensuristic associations (AGA).

Corps Academy

To close the skills gap between the purely technical college education and the actual demands of working life, who founded Association Age Corp. students who Corp Academy . As a non-profit institution, it offers all students high-quality and practice-oriented further training for professional management trainers at student-level prices. The contents of the seminar are primarily work techniques and self-organization, communication and cooperation skills and skills for future managers. The seminars are offered at 52 university locations in Germany, Austria and Belgium. A scientific advisory board ensures the high quality of the events. The Corps Academy promotes the Jugend aktiv association , which supports talented high school students.

Publishing

Kösener classifieds in the Kladderadatsch
Academic monthly books
Report of the Königsberger SC to the suburb of Erlangen, suspension of the silver Litthuania (1866)

From 1872 to 1884 the KSCV, the individual corps and old men’s associations, like many other corporations, used the political satirical magazine Kladderadatsch , which appeared in Berlin from 1848 to 1944, as a publication organ. The archive contains 377 corporations with 1,673 publications: invitations to foundation festivals and commers, death and wedding notices. This embarrassing solution was workable because the Kladderadatsch was very popular and widespread in academic circles.

Academic monthly books

At the Kösener Congress in 1883 it was decided to create its own publication organ. On April 26, 1884, Paul Salvisberg (Rhenania Bern) founded the Academic Monthly Booklet (AM) at Erolzheim Castle and declared it the official publication of the KSCV by the Kösener Congress in 1886. In 1894, the publishing house and editorial team were taken over by Karl Rügemer (Baruthia) and the official association function of the AM was confirmed. One of the co-editors was Franz Boldt (Guestphalia Jena, Athesia, Vandalia Rostock). With the beginning of the 30th year, the title Academic Monthly Books disappeared .

Corps newspapers

German corps newspaper

The name was changed in 1913 to Deutsche Korpszeitung , from the 32nd year to Deutsche Corpszeitung (DCZ). When Rügemer died in 1916 - in the middle of the First World War - it was not possible to continue under the difficult economic conditions. In 1920/21 Gustav Gotthilf Winkel headed the Deutsche Corpszeitung for a short time. Werner Meißner followed him from 1921 to 1933 . The dissolution of the KSCV in 1935 made the continuation of the DCZ obsolete. In 1952 the DCZ was re-established. Friedrich Hielscher stood out among its editors . Since 1994 it has been published together with the Wachenburg of the WSC , initially under the title Der Corpsstudent , since 2000 as CORPS - the magazine . Since 2018 in a significantly changed form with a more direct address to younger readers as the magazine CORPS under the initiative of the VAC Board of Directors Nürnberg II and the Board of WVAC, together with the active associations KSCV and WSC.

Austrian Corps newspaper

The Austrian Corps newspaper. Zeitschrift für Deutschvölkisches Corpsstudententum was published in 1917/18 and 1918/19. It is fully visible in the Institute for Higher Education .

Kösener messages

Just four years after the association was founded in 1852, “statistical reports on the corps situation” were agreed; each SC had to report the other. The number of SCs involved fell from nine to six (1854); but they proved their worth as early as 1856 when a dimitted corps student was recognized and not accepted into another corps. “The SC had no supervisory authority; Rather, everyone should make sure that nobody's behavior endangers the common endeavors. The reporting system was also used for this. "

The oKC 1876 restricted the admissibility of external PP suites . They should only be permitted if the suburb declared them "indispensable"; PP requests were made precisely because some SC reports were sharply objected to. For example, a request was made at the same oKC to abolish statistical reports and to set up a corps newspaper to pass on the reports in print. No vote was taken on this motion at all. Probably put up for discussion too early, it was not regarded as finished.

The statistical notes were not corps reports in today's sense, because only the number of active participants was reported. On special occasions - for example in the case of disrepute - names were also announced. Even after the Academic Monthly Bulletin was published from 1884 onwards, only numbers were initially published. The reports only became more detailed in the winter semester 1886/87. There were u. a. an inactivity statistic . The current size was reported from the summer of 1894. This made it possible to follow the development of the Bünder even if their documents were lost.

From 1897 onwards, the editorial staff of the Academic Monthly Bulletin was to print the reports it received and send them to all corps. It was not until 1900 that the reports were printed in the Kosen statutes . They appeared as a supplement to the Deutsche Corpszeitung . Since 2002, they have been attached to CORPS magazine ( ISSN  1615-8180 ), now CORPS magazine, twice a year . The submission of the reports to the suburb is now done electronically. The Weinheim Senior Citizens' Convention has joined this reporting system.

Kösener corps lists

As the only European corporation association, the KSCV has always published the lists of members of its corps. Leonhard Zander published the first directory of living corps students with 4,084 names in the 1880s. Paul Salvisberg edited the Kösener Almanac in 1887/88 . Karl Rügemer obtained the Kösener Corps lists from 1910. They are an important contribution to student history and an inexhaustible source of keywords for corps student biographies since the end of the 18th century. The KKL 1910 are of particular importance with regard to corps that have died out and the “vorkösener” corps landscape teams. The KCL 1930 published by Otto Gerlach only list those corps suspended after 1867. The KCL 1960, also published by Gerlach, only contains the corps suspended after 1892.

"It is to be thanked for this incessant, understanding, dutiful work that the Kösener Corpslists present themselves as a standard work of the first order, to which no other student association can put a work even remotely equivalent."

- Deutsche Corpszeitung No. 2, April 1963

Herbert Kater edited the supplementary volumes from 1971 and 1981. The KCL 1996 published by Hermann Kruse only list those corps students who became active after the First World War. They are only available on CD.

Klinggräff medal

The Donors' Association for Old Corps students has been awarding the Klinggräff Medal since 1987 . The medal and a current endowment of € 4,000 are awarded to young corps students who make their way through

  1. exemplary corps activity,
  2. outstanding academic performance and
  3. committed service to the common good

excelled.

The Klinggräff Medal was awarded in Würzburg until 1993 . Since 1994, the prize and medal have been awarded alternately on the Rudelsburg and the Wachenburg every year. By 2018, 174 Kösener and Weinheimer Corps students had been awarded. They have met for nine symposia so far , initially three times at the Corps Hercynia in Munich (the initiator of the symposium), since then every two years in different university cities, most recently in Leoben .

archive

The association archive is located in the Institute for Higher Education at the Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg . The corps students are involved in the legal entity of the institute (the German Society for University Studies) with other corporation associations via the Association of Alter Corps Students . They ideally support the institute through the Association for Corporate Student History Research .

Inactive associations

See also

literature

  • Karsten Bahnson : Background and founding of the Kösener Seniors Convent Association , in: Rolf-Joachim Baum (Ed.): We want men, we want action . Siedler-Verlag, Berlin 1998, pp. 45-83.
  • Rolf-Joachim Baum (Ed.): “We want men, we want action!” German corps students from 1848 to today. Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-88680-653-7 .
  • Rüdiger Döhler : The German Idealism and Corps Studentism , in: Sebastian Sigler (Hrsg.): Friendship and Tolerance. 200 years of Corps Bavaria in Landshut and Munich . Munich 2006, pp. 183-188, ISBN 3-932965-86-8 .
  • Wilhelm Fabricius : The German Corps. A historical representation with special consideration of the scaling. Berlin 1898 (2nd edition 1926).
  • Paulgerhard Gladen , Kurt U. Bertrams: The Kösener and Weinheimer Corps. Hilden 2007.
  • Paulgerhard Gladen: The German corps student in its time . Hilden 2010.
  • Wolfgang Gottwald: The Kösener SC-Association and the Versippten question in the Third Reich. Einst und Jetzt , Vol. 12 (1967), pp. 54-68.
  • Wolfgang Gottwald: A look back . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 41 (1996), pp. 9-26.
  • Christian Helfer : Kösener Customs and Customs , 2nd edition (1991), ISBN 3-9801475-2-5 .
  • Detlev Grieswelle : Sociology of the Kösener Corps 1870-1914 , in: Otto Neuloh , Walter Rüegg (Ed.): Student and University in the 19th Century , Göttingen 1975, p. 346 f.
  • Heiner Jüttner : From Godesburg to Bad Kösen. A foray through the Kösener SC Association from 1950 to 1994. Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 49 (2004), pp. 325–364.
  • John Koch : The Kösener SC-Association in the world wars. 1921.
  • Adolf Lohmann: Chronicle of the Kösener SC Association 1918 to 1933. Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 5 (1960), pp. 5-31.
  • Franz Moldenhauer : The German corps studenthood and its meaning. 1897 (reprint, Hilden).
  • Gerhard Neuenhoff: The dissolution of the HKSCV and VAC in 1935. Once and now, supplement 1968.
  • Herbert Neupert : The Allied Control Council and the Kösener SC Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 40 (1995), pp. 9-26.
  • Robert Paschke : Das Kösener Subsidiaritätsprinzip , in: Tenth Festschrift of the HKSCV 1963, p. 23 f.
  • Hermann Rink : On the prehistory and early history of the Kösener SC Association. Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 44 (1999), pp. 181-191.
  • Hermann Rink: Movements in the Kösener Seniors Convents Association [1948 until today]. Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 51 (2006), pp. 265-278.
  • Walter Pust (Ed.): Kösener SC-Taschenbuch. 1919. Facsimile, Hilden.
  • Sebastian Sigler (Hrsg.): Corps students in the resistance against Hitler . Duncker & Humblot , Berlin 2014. ISBN 978-3-428-14319-1 .
  • Rosco Weber, Wolfgang Wippermann : The German Corps in the Third Reich. SH-Verlag 1998, ISBN 3-89498-033-8 .
  • Edwin A. Biedermann: Lodges, clubs and brotherhoods , 2nd edition. Droste-Verlag 2007. ISBN 978-3-7700-1184-1 .
  • Egbert Weiß : The university policy mandate of the Kösener Corps. Deutsche Corpszeitung, June 1969, p. 148 ff.

Web links

Commons : Kösener Senioren-Convents-Verband  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ In Prussia “Gumbinnen – Saarlouis”, in the German Empire “Gumbinnen – Metz” were the most distant garrisons. Like “Flensburg – Garmisch” in the (old) Federal Republic, they marked the expansion of Prussia and the Reich.
  2. ↑ on the combat pamphlet see E. Weiss: Corps students on the way to German unity - from the Paulskirche to the first Reichstag , in: Rolf-Joachim Baum (Ed.): "We want men, we want deeds" - German corps students 1848 until today . Siedler 1998, ISBN 3-88680-653-7 , pp. 84, 107
  3. ↑ Rudolf von Scheliha , Albrecht von Hagen , Peter Graf Yorck von Wartenburg , Fritz-Dietlof Graf von der Schulenburg , Adam von Trott zu Solz , Ulrich von Hassell , Nikolaus von Halem , Eduard Brücklmeier , Max Draeger , Herbert Mumm von Schwarzenstein , Hans Koch and Kurt Gerstein
  4. ↑ Puchstein (1921–1984) was transferred to the Corps Lusatia in 1949. Later he was a medical officer in Cologne. - KCL 1996, 100/51; 87/1086
  5. ↑ Lange (1915–1977) studied English and French in Leipzig from 1935 onwards. Since he could no longer fight as a Thuringian fox in the SS in 1935, he received the corps loop and after two lengths in 1938 (!) The Thuringian band. Since 1938 he was in the comradeship = Misnia. In 1939 he went to Munich for two semesters. In 1940/41 the Wehrmacht took him to the front for probation. After finishing his studies in Leipzig, he returned to the front. In the Balkan campaign (1941) seriously wounded and no longer fit for duty front, he was in 1943 as a first lieutenant d. R. dismissed. After the war he went to Erlangen with his Leipzig doctoral supervisor. He was accepted into the Corps Lusatia in 1949 and received the Rhenania Bonn ribbon in 1953. Most recently he was director of studies in Offenbach (Christian Helfer: In memoriam Günther Lange . 1978 year book of the Corps Thuringia Leipzig zu Saarbrücken, p. 59). - KCL 1960, 91 , 306; KCL 1996, 100 , 2; 87 , 1069; 127 , 1035.
  6. ↑ Huttensäle (WürzburgWiki)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans Peter Hümmer : The emergence of the corps under the sign of classical idealism , in: Rolf-Joachim Baum (Hrsg.): We want men, we want deeds . Kösener Festschrift. Berlin 1998, pp. 15-44. ISBN 3-88680-653-7 .
  2. ^ HP Hümmer, W. Bauer, H. Söhnlein: Did Friedrich von Schiller invent corps student idealism? On the 200th anniversary of the death of the great German poet . Einst und Jetzt , Vol. 50 (2005), pp. 13-30.
  3. ↑ Friedrich Hielscher : Die Geistesgeschichtlichen Basis der Corps , in: Festschrift for the Kösener Congress from June 6 to 9, 1962 in Würzburg. OO 1962 (Ninth Festschrift of the HKSCV), pp. 7–33.
  4. ↑ see Jean Louis Sponsel
  5. ^ Cosmopolitan walks of the corps boy Kurt von Terzenheim , 1896.
  6. ^ Academic monthly books , 1898.
  7. ↑ Willy Ritter Liebermann von Wahlendorf: Memories of a German Jew . Munich 1988, p. 44.
  8. ↑ HP Hümmer: On the history of the Corps from the Enlightenment to the fraternity ( Memento from October 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ^ Robert Paschke : The efforts of the German corps to unite until 1848 . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 3 (1958), pp. 5-19.
  10. ↑ W. Fabricius: History and Chronicle of the Kösener SC Association. According to the files of Dr. W. Fabricius . G. Elwert'sche Universitätsbuchhandlung, Marburg 1907, p. 4 f.
  11. ^ E. Bauer : The Jena Corps Assembly (July 15 to 17, 1848), the cradle of the Kösener Seniorenconventsverband . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 3 (1958), pp. 20-41.
  12. ↑ Handbuch des Kösener Corpsstudenten, 4th edition (1953), p. 24.
  13. ^ R. Döhler: Pillars of Prussia - 59 Corps students as high presidents of Prussian provinces . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 55 (2010), pp. 143-148.
  14. ^ Academic monthly books 6 (1890), p. 418.
  15. ↑ HP Hümmer: The Kösener windows in the corp house of Onoldia . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 34 (1989), pp. 49-52
  16. ↑ Strasbourg presentation
  17. ↑ a b Harald Lönnecker : The assembly of the "better National Socialists?" The Völkische Waffenring between anti-Semitism and corporate elitism . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 48 (2003), pp. 227-245, 252-281.
  18. ^ The ethnic groups in the Tübingen student body ( Memento from June 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  19. ^ A b c Siegfried Schindelmeiser: History of the Baltia II zu Königsberg / Pr. , Vol. 2. Munich 2010, p. 233 f.
  20. ↑ a b The 1921 Congress . Deutsche Corpszeitung 38 (1921/22), p. 61.
  21. ↑ Winkel, Gustav Gotthilf ; Kösener SC. Calendar. - Pocket book for the Kösener Corps students , 28th edition, Leipzig 1925, On page 9 there is the sentence: "Since the Kösener congresses of 1920 and 1921 the Kösener SC has been based on Aryan" .
  22. ^ R. Weber, W. Wippermann : The German Corps in the Third Reich , p. 120 f.
  23. ^ F. Lindner: The corps of the German universities together with a detailed description of the student situation . Publishing house Lißner, Leipzig 1870
  24. ↑ R. Paschke: In memoriam! Carl Manfred Frommel Bremensiae, Starkenburgiae (1884–1938) . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 1 (1956), pp. 109-112.
  25. ^ Deutsche Corpszeitung, 1933/1934, issue 6, p. 144
  26. ↑ cf. Deutsche Corpszeitung, 1934/1935, issue 5, p. 137; W. Wippermann, Who does not know his story , p. 90.
  27. ^ Bernhard Hofmann , circular to all Altmärker, New Year 1935 (Evangelisches Zentralarchiv in Berlin).
  28. ^ Minutes of the extraordinary Kosen Congress 1934
  29. ↑ cf. E. White: Lusatia versus NSDStB. The dispute with the NS student union Leipzig in 1934 . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 17 (1972), pp. 145-153.
  30. ^ R. Weber, W. Wippermann: The German Corps in the Third Reich , p. 174
  31. ^ Michael Grüttner : Students in the Third Reich. F. Schöningh, Paderborn 1995, ISBN 3-506-77492-1 , p. 309.
  32. ^ G. Neuenhoff: The dissolution of the HKSCV and VAC 1935 (1968)
  33. ↑ cit. according to HP Hümmer: Erlangen - an early center of the NS student union. Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 45 (2000), pp.177-214, footnote 145
  34. ↑ cit. after W. Gottwald, p. 13
  35. ^ S. Schindelmeiser: Baltia Königsberg c / a NSDAP (1933/34) . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 11 (1966), pp. 69-90
  36. ↑ HH Lammers : From the Palaiomarchia case to the exclusion of the Kösener SC . Federal Archives Koblenz, R 128, p. 101.
  37. ^ W. Wippermann: Corps and National Socialism
  38. ↑ Participants in the Kommers on the Rudelsburg
  39. ^ E. Bauer: A reconstitution of the KSCV in June 1944 . Deutsche Corpszeitung 53rd (70th) year, No. 2 (1953), p. 7.
  40. ↑ E. Bauer, Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 1 (1956), p. 39 f.
  41. ↑ a b Jochen Küper: The interest group in 1950 as a precursor to the renewal of the HKSCV in 1951 . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 2 (1957), pp. 5-11.
  42. ↑ J. Küper: The renewal of the HKSCV in 1951 . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 3 (1958), pp. 42-49.
  43. ^ Decision of principle 1951 No. 2 in the collection of fundamental decisions of the Kösener Congress, Handbuch des Kösener Corpsstudenten, 6th edition (1985), Vol. II, sheet 2/55
  44. ↑ Idea and task . Deutsche Corpszeitung, 56th (72nd) year, February 1955, pp. 10-15
  45. ↑ April 20, 1950; according to Hans-Jürgen Döscher: rope teams. The repressed past of the Federal Foreign Office, Propylaen, Berlin 2005, p. 147.
  46. ↑ April 28, 1950; according to Hans-Jürgen Döscher: rope teams. The repressed past of the Foreign Office, Propylaen, Berlin 2005, p. 148 f.
  47. ^ Letter of April 13, 1950 and article in early 1951; see. according to Hans-Jürgen Döscher: rope teams. The repressed past of the Federal Foreign Office, Propylaen, Berlin 2005, p. 150ff.
  48. ↑ Article of September 22, 1950; according to Hans-Jürgen Döscher: rope teams. The repressed past of the Federal Foreign Office, Propylaeen, Berlin 2005, pp. 149f.
  49. ↑ September 1 to 6, 1950, reprinted by Hans-Jürgen Döscher: Seilschaften. The repressed past of the Foreign Office, Propylaeen, Berlin 2005, pp. 161–175.
  50. ^ Hans-Jürgen Döscher: rope teams. The repressed past of the Federal Foreign Office, Propylaen, Berlin 2005, p. 119.
  51. ^ Hans-Jürgen Döscher: rope teams. The Foreign Office's suppressed past . Propylaea, Berlin 2005, p. 323f.
  52. ^ Deutsche Corpszeitung, 42nd year, Frankfurt am Main, April 1925, number 1, pp. 300–301.
  53. ↑ R. v. Lucius: Corps students on the Saale . FAZ, May 30, 2009
  54. ↑ H. thriller Mayer, E. Riechert: The Anniversary Congress 1973 of KSCV . Der Convent 24 (1973), pp. 198-207.
  55. ↑ Imagination of Selonia Riga ( Memento from October 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  56. ^ W. Hornung, V. Sahlfeld: The KSCV and the Baltic Corps (2005) ( Memento from September 25, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  57. ↑ Corpsakademie ( Memento of the original dated May 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / s322673425.online.de
  58. ^ Franz Boldt: Kösener Corpslisten 1960, 70/323; 119/413; 72/142
  59. ↑ a b S. Schindelmeiser, Vol. 2, p. 34
  60. ↑ Florian Hoffmann: 100 years of the German Corps newspaper . CORPS Magazin (DCZ) 4/2013, pp. 25–26
  61. ↑ a b c d Siegfried Schindelmeiser: The Albertina and its students 1544 to WS 1850/51 and the history of the Corps Baltia II zu Königsberg i. Pr. , Vol. 1, pp. 265, 379, 394. Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-028704-6
  62. ^ A b W. Fabricius : History and Chronicle of the Kösener SC Association, according to the files, 3rd edition. Marburg 1921, p. 77
  63. ^ Academic monthly books I, p. 172 ff .; P. 360 ff .; II, p. 150 ff .; P. 355 ff.
  64. ^ Academic monthly books III, p. 336
  65. ^ Corps archives: Kösener corps lists
  66. ↑ Einst und Jetzt 2 (1957), pp. 125–127, 129–140
  67. ↑ Proof at the DNB
  68. ↑ Digitized version (58 MB !; PDF)