Maastricht

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Maastricht municipality
Flag of the Maastricht municipality
flag 		Coat of arms of the municipality of Maastricht
coat of arms
province Limburg Limburg
mayor Annemarie Penn-te Strake ( independent )
Seat of the municipality Maastricht
Area
 - land
 - water 		60.13  km 2
56.34 km 2
3.79 km 2
CBS code 0935
Residents 121,362 (Jan 31, 2019)
Population density 2018 inhabitants / km 2
Coordinates 50 ° 51 '  N , 5 ° 41'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 51 '  N , 5 ° 41'  E
height 49  m NAP
Important traffic route A2 E25 A79 N2 N278 N590
Postcodes 6201-6203, 6211-6219, 6221-6229
Website www.gemeentemaastricht.nl
LocatieMaastricht.png
Template: Infobox location in the Netherlands / maintenance / map
View of Maastricht from Sint Pietersberg
View of Maastricht from Sint PietersbergTemplate: Infobox location in the Netherlands / maintenance / picture 1

Maastricht ( listen ? / I ), until the 20th century also Maestricht [ maːstrɪxt ] (in most Limburg dialects Mesjtreech , in Maastricht dialect but Mestreech [ məstʁeːç ]), is the capital of the Dutch province of Limburg and one of the oldest cities in the Netherlands . Audio file / audio sample

The name of the city is derived from the Latin Traiectum ad Mosam and Mosae Traiectum ("Meuse crossing "), which probably goes back to the bridge built by the Romans .

The city's coat of arms shows a silver, five-pointed star on a red background crowned with a gold crown and held by an angel in a blue robe.

Maastricht is a major tourist destination in the Netherlands and a preferred place for education, culture, recreation and shopping. The city has, after Amsterdam , the most national monuments ( rijksmonumenten ). The whole center, with the suburbs Wyck, is available as a complete system under conservation ( beschermd stadsgezicht ). The university city has a high proportion of international students.

geography

Topographic map of Maastricht, 2017

Geographical location

Maastricht is located in the extreme south-east of the Netherlands between Belgium and Germany , on both sides of the Meuse . The city center is about 50 meters above the Amsterdam level . The highest point (107 meters AP) is on the Sint Pietersberg in the southwest of the city, although the nearby man-made peak D'n Observant is 171 meters high. The small river Jeker has also formed a valley in the southwest of the city between the Sint Pietersberg and the Cannerberg / Louwberg where there are some vineyards . There are various watermills on the Jeker , also in the city center, where the river divides several times and is only partially visible.

Maastricht borders both Flanders, which is the same language, and Wallonia in Belgium . The peripheral location of Maastricht within the Netherlands can be felt in many places. A strong French-speaking influence is particularly noticeable in the city center with its French-looking shops. The Maastricht Platt , spoken by many , like the other Limburg dialects , has a lot in common with German. In Maastricht, people have seen themselves on the "European balcony" and not just since the Maastricht Treaty of the same name .

Neighboring communities

The city borders the Belgian municipalities of Lanaken and Riemst ( Belgian Limburg province ) to the west, Visé ( Liège province ) to the south and the Dutch municipalities of Meerssen , Valkenburg aan de Geul and Eijsden-Margraten to the east .

City structure

The city of Maastricht officially consists of seven districts ( wijken ), which are divided into 44  districts ( buurten ):

  1. Centrum district: Binnenstad, Jekerkwartier, Kommelkwartier, Statenkwartier, Boschstraatkwartier, Sint-Maartenspoort, Wyck
  2. South-western district: Villapark, Jekerdal, Biesland, Campagne, Wolder, Sint Pieter
  3. Western district: Brusselsepoort, Mariaberg, Belfort, Pottenberg, Malpertuis, Caberg, Oud-Caberg, Malberg, Dousberg-Hazendans, Daalhof
  4. North-western district: Boschpoort, Bosscherveld, Frontenkwartier, Belvédère, Lanakerveld
  5. Eastern district: Wyckerpoort, Heugemerveld, Wittevrouwenveld, Nazareth, Limmel, Scharn, Amby
  6. North-eastern district: Beatrixhaven, Borgharen, Itteren, Meerssenhoven
  7. South-eastern district: Randwyck, Heugem, Heer, De Heeg, Vroendaal

In addition to the city of Maastricht, the municipality also includes the villages of Itteren (with around 915 inhabitants) and Borgharen (around 1,720 inhabitants) to the north. The districts of Limmel, Amby, Heer, Heugem, Caberg, Wolder and Sint Pieter were also independent villages in the past. The centers of these villages have been partially preserved. The original inhabitants of Itteren, Borgharen, Amby and Heer speak a different dialect than those of downtown Maastricht.

climate

Maastricht and the surrounding area belong to the temperate climate zone and have an oceanic climate, i.e. humid weather, mild winters and relatively even temperatures.

Maastricht
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
59
 
4th
-1
 
 
54
 
6th
-1
 
 
62
 
9
2
 
 
52
 
13
4th
 
 
63
 
17th
8th
 
 
75
 
20th
11
 
 
70
 
22nd
12
 
 
67
 
22nd
12
 
 
57
 
19th
10
 
 
60
 
15th
7th
 
 
72
 
9
3
 
 
71
 
5
0
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: wetterkontor.de
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Maastricht
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 4.4 5.5 8.9 12.6 17.3 20.3 21.9 21.9 18.8 14.5 8.6 5.4 O 13.4
Min. Temperature (° C) −0.6 −0.5 1.6 3.8 7.6 10.7 12.4 12.3 9.9 6.8 2.8 0.4 O 5.6
Precipitation ( mm ) 58.8 53.9 61.7 52.3 63.1 74.7 69.5 66.7 56.9 59.9 72.2 71.4 Σ 761.1
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 1.4 2.5 3.2 4.7 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.7 4.5 3.5 1.9 1.2 O 3.9
Rainy days ( d ) 13 10 12 11 11 11 10 10 9 9 12 13 Σ 131
Humidity ( % ) 88 84 80 76 75 76 76 77 81 84 87 89 O 81.1
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
4.4
−0.6
5.5
−0.5
8.9
1.6
12.6
3.8
17.3
7.6
20.3
10.7
21.9
12.4
21.9
12.3
18.8
9.9
14.5
6.8
8.6
2.8
5.4
0.4
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		58.8
53.9
61.7
52.3
63.1
74.7
69.5
66.7
56.9
59.9
72.2
71.4
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: wetterkontor.de

traffic

Boat trip on the Julianakanal
Youngest and oldest of the 6 Maas bridges in Maastricht
Central station and office building by Hans Kollhoff
King Willem Alexander tunnel

shipping

The Meuse is an important river for bulk carriers . South of Maastricht, it is connected to the Albert Canal by the Lanaye Canal and the locks of Lanaye (Ternaaien) . The Julianakanal begins north of the city and runs parallel to the Maas, which cannot be navigated there. The industrial port of Maastricht is the Beatrixhafen, which is located on the Julianakanal. The Maastricht part of the Zuid-Willemsvaart is of little importance for shipping these days. Various excursion boats are moored at the Maaskai in the city center.

The former, historic port of Maastricht has been converted into a marina ( bassin ), which can be reached via the Zuid-Willemsvaart or via a lock to the Maas. Other former harbor basins are occupied by houseboats or are no longer in use. Another lock connects these former parts of the port on the Zuid-Willemsvaart canal with the Maas. Part of the former St. Pieter lock is used as a marina. There, the former berths for commercial shipping are largely silted up and shallow. Further marinas can be found both in the city area and on the surrounding Plassen.

Rail and bus transport

The Maastricht station ( Station Maastricht ) is by rail links with Eindhoven and Venlo about Sittard and Roermond and with Liege ( Liège-Maastricht railway connected); via Heerlen also with Aachen (→ Liège-Maastricht-Aachen-Express ). There is also a bus route between Maastricht Central Station and Aachen Central Station . The long-distance bus station is to the east of Maastricht Central Station . Station Maastricht Randwyck is located in the southern district of Randwyck ; in the north is Maastricht Noord station .

Light rail traffic

On December 18, 2012, the Maastricht City Council decided that the transnational project “Tramverbinding Vlaanderen-Maastricht” should be implemented. It is a link between the Hasselt centers in Belgium and Maastricht. Between the cities it takes on tasks such as the Euregiobahn in Aachen, within the towns it drives to the city center. Most of the route is on Belgian territory. This part is part of the 300 million Spartacus plan, which is intended to bring a series of improvements in regional transport in Belgian Limburg.

Two stops are planned for the city of Maastricht (in the new Sphinx quarter and at the current “Mosae Forum” bus stop). A total of nine stations are planned on the Belgian side. A plan approval procedure has been carried out and all preparations are underway. The necessary work is expected to take around three years to complete. According to current plans, the construction work should begin in 2020. If everything goes according to plan, the first tram will roll through Maastricht and Hasselt in 2023.

Road traffic

The A2 motorway , which runs east of the Maas, connects Maastricht with Amsterdam and Liège , the A79 with Heerlen and then via the A76 / A 4 (D) with Aachen . Part of the A2 route east of the old town was not yet a motorway (N2) for a distance of around 1.5 km until the end of 2016. This route was made crossing-free with the König-Willem-Alexander-Tunnel , which should bring about a solution to the daily traffic problems.

Air traffic

The international, albeit small, Maastricht Aachen Airport is located about ten kilometers north of the city center . There is also the Maastricht Upper Area Control Center (Maastricht UAC) of Eurocontrol , from where the upper flight corridors of north-west Germany, the Benelux countries and northern France are monitored.

politics

College of Mayors and Aldermen

The parties CDA , D66 , GroenLinks , Senioren Partij Maastricht, SP and VVD have united in a coalition for the 2018–2022 legislative period . The coalition parties each offer the college an alderman. These were appointed during a council meeting on June 18, 2018. The following people belong to the college and are responsible in the following areas:

function Surname Political party Department annotation
mayor Annemarie Penn-te Strake independent general and administrative matters, including administration, integrity, cabinet affairs and lobbying; European things; (cross-border) cooperation; Internationalization; Sister city Chengdu; integral security and public order, "veiligheidshuis" (German security house ); Monitoring and enforcement; Communication; Positioning of Maastricht; Permits reserved to the mayoress; Coordination of refugees (care) in office since July 1, 2015
Alderman Vivianne Heijnen CDA Economy and labor market; (EU) regionalization; Living; Prosperity; Licensing; social innovation (citizen participation, activation of the city district); Smart city first deputy mayor
Jim Janssen Seniors Party Maastricht Personnel and organization; Information policy and society, including information technology, data control and protection; public service; Purchasing and tendering policy; Participation (social affairs, participation and poverty policy, Podium24); Senior citizens policy; Culture; cultural heritage (except monuments) second deputy mayor
Gert-Jan Krabbendam GroenLinks Sustainability, including environment, climate and energy; spatial development (urban development, landscape, nature, water, monuments, archeology); Mobility; Animal welfare third deputy mayor
Bert Jongen D66 Education; Student City Program; Youth welfare; Sport and recreation fourth deputy mayor
John Aarts VVD Finance; Property; Hospitality (including restaurants, tourist board VVV, city center management, Sahot, events); Fairgrounds and markets; City administration (including waste policy) fifth deputy mayor
Mara de Graaf-van Haasen SP Social Welfare Act; Well; Health; Naturalization; Integration and care for refugees; Diversity; Twin town El Rama sixth deputy mayor
Community Secretary Piet Buijtels - - in office since June 2011

Distribution of seats in the municipal council

Local elections 2018
 %
20th
10
0
13.1
12.1
12.0
10.9
8.0
7.8
7.6
6.9
5.8
15.8
SPM
PVM
M: OED
Otherwise. j
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
 10
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
± 0.0
-2.9
+3.2
-2.0
-3.2
+0.6
-4.7
-1.1
+5.8
+9.7
SPM
PVM
M: OED
Otherwise. j
Template: election chart / maintenance / notes
Remarks:
j PVV 5.8% (+ 5.8%), SAB 3.1% (+ 3.1%), 50PLUS 2.9% (+ 2.9%), LPM 2.6% (+ 0.2 %), MV 1.4% (-1.6%), SBM 0.0% (-4.4%), OPA 0.0% (-1.7%)
Local elections 2018
5
5
5
5
3
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
5 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 
A total of 39 seats
  • CDA : 5
  • SPM : 5
  • GL : 5
  • D66 : 5
  • PvdA : 3
  • VVD : 3
  • SP : 3
  • PVM : 3
  • M: OED : 2
  • PVV : 2
  • SAB : 1
  • 50PLUS : 1
  • LPM : 1

The municipal council has been formed as follows since 1982:

Political party Seats
1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018
CDA 17th 14th 15th 11 12 11 7th 7th 5 5
Seniors Partij Maastricht a 2 1 2 5 4th 3 3 5 6th 5
GroenLinks - - 2 3 3 5 5 4th 4th 5
D66 1 1 4th 6th 3 2 2 4th 5 5
PvdA 11 18th 13 9 10 8th 13 7th 5 3
VVD 5 4th 3 4th 5 5 4th 4th 3 3
SP - 0 0 0 2 2 3 2 5 3
Partij Veilig Maastricht - - - - - - - - 3 3
Maastricht: Open Eerlijk Democratic - - - - - - - - - 2
PVV - - - - - - - - - 2
Sociaal Actieve Burgerpartij - - - - - - - - - 1
50PLUS - - - - - - - - - 1
Liberal Party Maastricht - - - - - - - 1 1 1
Maastrichtse Volkspartij b - - - - - - - 1 1 0
Stadsbelangen Mestreech c - - - - - 3 2 2 1 -
Trots op Nederland d - - - - - - - 2 - -
Center Democrats - - - 1 0 - - - - -
Zalm e - 1 - - - - - - - -
City issues 1 0 - - - - - - - -
PSP 1 0 - - - - - - - -
PPR 1 - - - - - - - - -
total 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39
  1. ↑ Parties that took part in the election but were unable to obtain a seat on the council will not be considered.
a Up to and including 1982 the Senioren Partij Maastricht took part in the elections under the name “Gepensioneerden- en Bejaardenpartij”.
b In 2010 the Maastrichtse Volkspartij ran as "Christelijke Volkspartij".
c In the 2018 municipal elections, the Stadsbelangen Mestreech party was absorbed into the Maastricht Seniors Party.
dThe Trots op Nederland party dissolved into the Partij Veilig Maastricht in 2014.
eMembers of the Zalm party joined the GroenLinks party in the local elections in 1990 .

economy

Randwyck University campus
Mosae Forum shopping center

Maastricht is an administrative and supply center of supraregional importance. The city is the seat of the Provincial Government of Limburg and the seat of a regional court ( Rechtsbank ). The city also has a university and several colleges (including two art schools, an architecture school, a theater school, the Maastricht Conservatory , a hotel management college and an interpreting school). The University of Maastricht (or Maastricht University ) is international because of its high proportion of foreign students important. The proportion of German students is particularly high at around 30%. The university has two locations: the medical and psychological faculty and the university hospital are housed in new buildings in the Randwyck district; most of the other faculties in former monasteries and other buildings in the city center.

The parking space manager Q-Park is headquartered in Maastricht. Vodafone NL has an important administrative building in the city. There are also some larger call centers, including a. the Mercedes-Benz Customer Assistance Center with over 1000 employees in 2017.

Tourism is an important branch of Maastricht's economy. The city offers many sights, shopping, restaurants and pubs. The city is also the venue for many conferences, meetings and events, so there are accordingly many hotels in Maastricht. The large exhibition and conference center Maastrichts Expositie en Congres Centrum (MECC) is located near the Randwyck university campus .

Traditional industry is becoming less and less important in Maastricht. In 2009, after 175 years, ceramic production at the Koninklijke Sphinx, until 1899 Petrus Regout & Co., came to an end. In 2020, the largest cement factory in the Netherlands, located south of Maastricht on the Maas, ENCI ( HeidelbergCement AG ), whose raw material was the marlstone from Sint Pietersberg , closed. Larger factories in the city include Thomas Regout International (auto parts, metal parts for office furniture), Sappi (paper), Mosa (wall and floor tiles), OI Manufacturing (packaging glass) and Mora (snacks).

history

Maastricht, together with Nijmegen , describes itself as the oldest city in the Netherlands. Already around 500 BC There was a Celtic settlement at a ford of the Meuse .

Remains of a Roman sanctuary in the Derlon museum cellar
Cannons on the former city wall
1579: Maastricht besieged by the Spanish army
Model of the city and fortress of Maastricht, built by the French after the siege of Maastricht (1748) , now in the Palais des Beaux-Arts in Lille
The governorate on the Meuse: The Maastricht Treaty was signed here in 1992

The bridge on Via Belgica , built during the reign of Emperor Augustus , formed the basis for the first Roman settlement. Around 270 AD the settlement was destroyed and only partially rebuilt. Around 333 AD the settlement was expanded into a fort . In the 20th century the remains of the Roman bridge, the fort, the thermal baths and a sanctuary were excavated.

Attacks by Germanic tribes were probably the reason why the bishop of Tongeren , Servatius , moved his bishopric to Maastricht. There - in the safety of the fortified castle - he founded a Christian community. Servatius is the patron saint of the city, which is predominantly inhabited by Catholics. Maastricht lost the diocese to the nearby city of Liège in the 8th century , but remained a place of pilgrimage until the 16th century (→ Maastricht Shrine Tour ).

Maastricht developed in the Middle Ages into a city under the dual rule of the Bishop of Liège and the Duke of Brabant , who received the city as a fief in 1202 . Shortly afterwards, the bishop devastated the city wall, which was made up of earth walls and ditches. The first stone city wall was built from 1229 after Duke Henry I of Brabant ("the brave") agreed to it. Maastricht probably never received city ​​rights , but has gradually been established since the early Middle Ages.

In 1267, at the height of the Brabant crisis , Maastricht was besieged and then occupied. The Liège bishop Heinrich tried to curb the Brabant push to the east and to keep the economically strong city on the trade route between Flanders and the Rhine under his control. The bishop withdrew militarily from the city in 1269 after a compromise with the young Brabant duke. In fact, the old legal status was restored. The rights of both were established in the Alde Caerte in 1283 . Further sieges by the Liège took place in 1303, 1334 and 1407/1408.

The 160-meter-long St. Servatius Bridge (Sint Servaasbrug) was completed in 1280 after the old Roman bridge collapsed during a procession. At that time it was the northernmost Maas bridge and connected Maastricht with the Wyck district on the right. The bridge is still there; it was widened in 1932 and badly damaged in the Second World War . Further city extensions, combined with the construction of new gates and city wall segments, took place around 1350, and again around 1516 in the south.

In 1579, at the beginning of the Eighty Years War , the city was besieged and largely destroyed by Spanish troops from the Duke of Parma . In the coming years the city was, with the help of the Jesuits , re-Catholicised . Since 1632, the role of the dukes of Brabant in the dual power of the Dutch States General was taken over after Friedrich Heinrich liberated the city from the Spanish. Protestants and Catholics were given equal rights and the duality also remained (until 1794; see below). After the takeover, Maastricht Fortress was modernized at the expense of the States General and developed into the "stronghold of the Netherlands" ( bolwerk der Nederlanden ). The Dutch garrison remained important to the local economy until 1867.

During the French-Dutch War (1672-1679) during the siege of the city by Louis XIV. Fell on 25 June 1673 at noon the head of the 1st Company of Musketeers of King Charles de Batz-Castelmore d'Artagnan before City wall near the Tongerner Tor ("Tongersepoort") in the southwest of the city as a result of a musket shot in the throat. Three years later, the reconquest by Wilhelm III was missing . from Orange , but in 1678, after the Peace of Nijmegen , the French withdrew. A large part of the fortifications was destroyed in the course of the capture by the French and had to be rebuilt. In order to prevent this in the future, the Fort Sint Pieter was built on the Sint Pietersberg in 1701/1702 .

In April to May 1748 the siege of Maastricht took place in the War of the Austrian Succession . The peace of Aachen in the same year ended the French occupation this time. Under the direction of the master builder Dumoulin, the so-called Dumoulin Line was created at the end of the 18th century , which was kept almost entirely.

In 1794 French troops under General Jean-Baptiste Kléber captured Maastricht in the First Coalition War ; the city (and some other areas of the Netherlands) was annexed and was the capital of the French department de la Meuse-Inférieure for 20 years . In 1815, after the Napoleonic era, Maastricht became part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands . When the southern provinces of the country declared themselves independent from the north in 1830 and the state of Belgium was founded, the garrison in Maastricht was loyal to King Wilhelm I of the Netherlands and in 1839 remained Dutch with the eastern part of the Duchy of Limburg despite its proximity to Belgium.

Maastricht has been the center of the Dutch ceramics industry since the mid-19th century . A huge industrial site on the Maas ("Céramique") near the city center was cleared of the ceramic works in the 1980s; there is now a posh residential area. Here the new in 1995 Bonnefantenmuseum of Aldo Rossi built. On the other side of the Meuse, the old glass and ceramic factories of Petrus Regout have been renovated. The trendy Sphinx quarter ("Sphinxkwartier") was built here at the beginning of the 21st century.

Maastricht was occupied by Germany on May 10th as part of the attack on the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg . The occupation lasted exactly 4 years, 4 months and 4 days. On September 14, 1944, Maastricht was liberated by US troops. Until March 1945 the city remained the command center and rest center of the 9th US Army .

In the post-war years, the city expanded very quickly, initially in a westerly direction until the Belgian border was reached; from 1970 also in an easterly direction, where some neighboring communities were incorporated. The University of Maastricht , founded in 1976, has a decidedly international profile and has more than 50% foreign - mostly German - students in some courses.

On 7 February 1992 the seat of the province of was in the "Government", Limburg , the Maastricht Treaty signed with the European Union was founded. The city then made a name for itself as "the birthplace of the euro ".

Culture

Jan van Eyck Academie
Theater am Vrijthof
Bonnefanten Museum
Ceramic exhibition in the Center Céramique

A theater school, a conservatory , an art school and a post-academic institute for fine arts ( Van Eyck ) contribute to Maastricht being a cultural center of supraregional importance.

Every spring, one of the largest global art and antiques fairs, the TEFAF , takes place, at which around 240 internationally renowned exhibitors present exhibits from antiquity to classic modernism.

In the Boschstraat quarter there is a tolerated center of the squatter scene Landbouwbelang . The buildings offer space for artists and podiums for concerts, theater and film screenings. The alternative shops in the quarter include the Doorgeefwinkel free shop as well as a repair café and a people's kitchen.

Maastricht is a carnival stronghold . The festival attracts many tourists every year and is therefore of great cultural and economic importance. The carnival season starts on November 11th and ends on Ash Wednesday with the lowering of the Mooswief , a doll, on Vrijthof Square.

Music, theater and film

The philharmonie zuidnederland (previously Limburgs Symfonie Orkest ) is the classical orchestra of the provinces Limburg , Noord-Brabant and Zeeland with headquarters in Maastricht and Eindhoven . Opera Zuid is a small opera company headquartered in Maastricht. A well-known male choir is the Koninklijke Zangvereniging Mastreechter Staar . André Rieu is famous with his Johann Strauss Orchestra. The Muziekgieterij is the Maastricht center for pop music , with a new hall for 1,100 visitors since 2019. The popular singer Benny Neyman set a monument to the city with his Ode to Maastricht ( Kom met me mee naar Maastricht ).

Toneelgroep Maastricht is a professional theater company. The city has several theaters such as the Theater aan het Vrijthof (concert and theater), the Bordenhal (Toneelgroep Maastricht), the Bonbonnière and the smaller Pesthuystheater . There are also three cinemas in Maastricht, the Lumière , the Pathé and the Euroscoop .

Museums

Attractions

With buildings under state monument protection in 1660, Maastricht takes second place in the Netherlands after Amsterdam. Among other things, the city has two Romanesque churches, seven Gothic churches and chapels, several Baroque and Classicist churches, as well as a few modern churches. The following is a list of the main attractions:

The Meuse in winter · Town Hall in the evening · Liebfrauenplatz · St. Servatius Bridge · Chapel of the “Stars of the Sea” · St. Johann and St. Servatius on Vrijthof Square
  • Maas , Maaspromenade, Servatiusbrücke ( → Lage ), Hohe Brücke and parks
  • Liebfrauenplatz ( → Lage ) with Liebfrauenbasilika and, nearby: Bonbonnière (old city theater) and First Franciscan Church
  • Vrijthof ( → Lage ) with Saint Servatius Basilica , Saint John's Church , military guard, Generaalshuis (city theater) and Spaans Gouvernement (museum at Vrijthof)
  • Market with town hall ( Pieter Post , 17th century; → Lage ) and Minckelers statue (the "eternally burning flame" commemorates the scientist Johannes Petrus Minckeleers , who is considered to be the inventor of gas lighting )
  • Inner city : pedestrian zone with a Gothic dinghouse (courthouse; → location ) and Dominican church (with frescoes from the life of Thomas Aquinas ; → location )
  • Stokstraatquartier: Old town quarter, on the site of the former Roman fort, since a renovation in the 1960s, shopping area with fashion and design shops as well as several restaurants
  • Jekerquartier: the student quarter of Maastricht, with parts of the medieval city wall and Helpoort (German Höllentor, the Netherlands oldest city gate from ± 1230; → location )
  • Wyck and Céramique: the old and new quarters on the east bank of the Meuse, with houses in the style of the Maasland Renaissance and modern architecture by u. a. Hans Kollhoff , Jo Coenen , Herman Hertzberger , Álvaro Siza Vieira , Mario Botta , Luigi Snozzi , Aurelio Galfetti and Aldo Rossi
  • The three adjacent Stadspark ( → Lage ), Monseigneur Nolenspark ( → Lage ) and Aldenhofpark ( → Lage ) with late medieval city walls and towers, the Jeker (river), mini zoo and D'Artagnan statue (died in 1673 at this point )
  • The line of Dumoulin ( Hoge fronts ; → layer ): a preferred northwest of downtown former defense system whose bulwarks each other by the casemates are connected
  • Nature reserve Sint Pietersberg with the Fort Sint Pieter ( → location ; a good vantage point over the city center and the surrounding area) and caves on Sint-Pietersberg ( → location ; underground quarries with over 20,000 passages, where the temperature is constant at 10 ° C; in the Midsummer also guided tours in German)
  • Nature reserves Jekerdal (with terrace castle Neercanne ) and Cannerberg (part of the cave system in Cannerberg housed the NATO facility JOC Maastricht from 1954 to 1992 - the Joint Operations Center of 2 ATAF and NORTHAG ; this was also the primary headquarters for NATO in the event of war -Headquarters in Mönchengladbach-Rheindahlen )
  • The Landgoederenzone : a natural area with several manors in the northeast of Maastricht (including Meerssenhoven, Vaeshartelt, Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Geusselt, La Grande Suisse, La Petite Suisse and Severen)

Twin cities

Maastricht maintains partnership relationships with several cities.

Personalities

Well-known personalities born in Maastricht include the painter Johann Friedrich August Tischbein , the Nobel laureate for chemistry Peter Debye , the violinist André Rieu , the politicians Maxime Verhagen and Frans Timmermans , as well as the swimmer Pieter van den Hoogenband and the road cyclist Tom Dumoulin .

panorama

and display information about the image
City view over Maastricht from Fort St. Pieter to the north

Web links

Commons : Maastricht  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Maastricht in the Topographia Circuli Burgundici (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts
Wikivoyage: Maastricht  travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand . In: StatLine . Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (Dutch)
  2. ↑ 'Internationaal busstation open in Maastricht' , ovmagazine.nl , January 16, 2020 (Dutch).
  3. ↑ Article from klenkes.de of January 21, 2013: "The campus railway is getting company in Maastricht and Liège" ( Memento of the original from February 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.klenkes.de
  4. ↑ Homepage on the status of the light rail project (Dutch).
  5. ↑ Bestuursakkoord 2018-2022 (PDF, 5MB) Gemeente Maastricht, accessed on August 7, 2018 (Dutch)
  6. ↑ Nieuw college aan het werk. In: Gemeente Maastricht. June 20, 2018, accessed August 7, 2018 (Dutch).
  7. ↑ Het college Gemeente Maastricht, accessed August 7, 2018 (Dutch)
  8. ↑ Annemarie Penn nu officieel nieuwe burgemeester Maastricht. In: 1Limburg. May 22, 2015, accessed August 7, 2018 (Dutch).
  9. ↑ Result of the local elections: 2014 2018 , accessed on August 7, 2018 (Dutch)
  10. ↑ Allocation of seats in the municipal council: 1982–2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 , accessed on August 7, 2018 (Dutch)
  11. ↑ 'Mercedes-Benz Customer Assistance Center in Maastricht wilts 1,000e medewerker' , wijlimburg.nl , June 29, 2017 (Dutch).
  12. ↑ Verreverwanten.nl - Roman ways (Dutch).
  13. ↑ PJH Ubachs and IMH Evers (2005): Historical Encyclopedie Maastricht , pp 116-116: 'castrum'; Pp. 143–144: 'Derlon, museumkelder'; P. 450: 'Romeinen' and 'Romeinse brug'. Walburg Pers, Zutphen. ISBN 90-5730-399-X (Dutch).
  14. ↑ see also nl: Tweeherigheid van Maastricht .
  15. ↑ Maastricht in its history (PDF, p. 6).
  16. ↑ Ubachs / Evers (2005), p. 506: 'stadsrecht'; Pp. 537-538: 'tweeherigheid'.
  17. ↑ Marcus Optendrenk : Summary of the dissertation (2006):… Mastricht in the 13th century ( memento of the original from February 17, 2019 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / psd-html.de
  18. ↑ see also De drie officieele teksten van de Alde Caerte der stad Maastricht des jaars 1283 . Maastricht, 1932.
  19. ↑ see also Dutch Wikipedia
  20. ↑ Ubachs / Evers (2005), pp. 552-553: 'vesting'.
  21. ↑ Ubachs / Evers (2005), pp. 61–62: 'beleg, 1579' and 'beleg, 1632'; Pp. 182-183: 'garnizoen'.
  22. ↑ Ubachs / Evers (2005), p. 62: 'beleg, 1673' and 'beleg, 1676'; Pp. 174-175: 'Fort Sint Pieter'.
  23. ↑ Ubachs / Evers (2005), pp. 62–63: 'beleg, 1748'; P. 361: 'Moulin, Carel Diederik Du'.
  24. ↑ Ubachs / Evers (2005), pp. 63–64: 'beleg, 1794' and 'Belgische Opstand'; P. 180: 'Franse Tijd'.
  25. ↑ 82nd Reconnaissance Battalion, 2nd Armored Division and the 30th Infantry Division, "Old Hickory"
  26. ↑ see also here (United States Army in World War II - European Theater of Operations - The Siegfried Line Campaign ), p. 107.
  27. ↑ Ubachs / Evers (2005), p. 70: 'Bevrijding'; Pp. 575-576: 'Wereldoorlog, Tweede'.