Solvay Conference

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Walther Nernst, initiator of the Solvay conference

Solvay Conferences is the name of international specialist conferences in the field of physics and chemistry .

history

Ernest Solvay, the namesake and patron of the conferences

These conferences in Brussels were named after the Belgian industrialist Ernest Solvay . Walther Nernst had come into contact with Solvay in 1910 through Robert Goldschmidt and had convinced him to organize an international gathering of physicists at the highest level to discuss the fundamental problems of current physics. The first Solvay Conference (1911) brought together the world's best experimental and theoretical physicists at the time. At his personal meeting in July 1910, Nernst had suggested to Solvay the “Introduction of quanta into theoretical physics” as a topic for discussion and had discussed the possible topic of the conference with Max Planck a month earlier . Max Planck was relatively skeptical about the chosen topic because he believed that the meaning of these questions was still insufficiently known and that apart from him only Albert Einstein , Hendrik Antoon Lorentz , Wilhelm Wien and Joseph Larmor were seriously interested in the proposed topic. Nernst's proposal was accepted by Solvay and the first invitation and conference convened by Solvay took place from October 30th to November 3rd, 1911 in the Hotel Metropol in Brussels under the topic "The theory of radiation and quanta". The neutral conference location Brussels as well as the highly integer Lorentz as conference president were chosen to avoid possible transnational tensions. In a brief welcoming address, Walther Nernst said: "... the fundamental and fruitful ideas of Planck and Einstein should serve as the basis for our discussions, we can modify or improve them, but we cannot ignore them ..."

Not least because of the extensive, widespread publication of all lectures and results (realized by Maurice de Broglie and Paul Langevin ), the conference became an extraordinary success and historic event . The success of the conference prompted Goldschmidt, with the help of Lorentz, to propose to Solvay the continuation of his patronage and to found an "International Institute for Physics and Chemistry" for a period of 30 years and periodically organize new Solvay conferences based on the 1911 model.

At the following Solvay conferences, only a limited number - namely a maximum of 25 - invited top-ranking physicists and chemists should come together for a kind of "summit conference" to discuss important topics. After the First World War , the conferences were continued at three-year intervals from 1921 to 1933, and after the Second World War from 1948 in Brussels.

Solvay Conferences for Physics

Marie Curie, participant in the first seven Solvay conferences
conference year theme Chair
1. 1911 La théorie du rayonnement et les quanta
(theory of radiation and quanta ) 		Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
(Leiden)
2. 1913 La structure de la matière
(The structure of matter ) 		Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
(Leiden)
3. 1921 Atomes et électrons
( atoms and electrons ) 		Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
(Leiden)
4th 1924 Conductibilité électrique des métaux etproblemèmes connexes
( electrical conductivity of metals ) 		Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
(Leiden)
5. 1927 Electrons et photons
(electrons and photons ) 		Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
(Leiden)
6th 1930 Le magnétisme
( magnetism ) 		Paul Langevin
(Paris)
7th 1933 Structure et propriétés des noyaux atomiques
(structure of the atomic nucleus ) 		Paul Langevin
(Paris)
8th. 1948 Les particules élémentaires
( elementary particles ) 		Lawrence Bragg
(Cambridge)
9. 1951 L'état solid
( solid body ) 		Lawrence Bragg
(Cambridge)
10. 1954 Les électrons dans les métaux
(electrons in metals) 		Lawrence Bragg
(Cambridge)
11. 1958 La structure et l'évolution de l'univers
(structure and evolution of the universe ) 		Lawrence Bragg
(Cambridge)
12. 1961 La théorie quantique des champs
( quantum field theory ) 		Lawrence Bragg
(Cambridge)
13. 1964 The Structure and Evolution of Galaxies
(structure and evolution of galaxies ) 		Robert Oppenheimer
(Princeton)
14th 1967 Fundamental Problems in Elementary Particle Physics
(Fundamental Problems of Physics ) 		Christian Møller
(Copenhagen)
15th 1970 Symmetry Properties of Nuclei
(symmetry properties of atomic nuclei) 		Edoardo Amaldi
(Rome)
16. 1973 Astrophysics and Gravitation
( astrophysics and gravitation ) 		Edoardo Amaldi
(Rome)
17th 1978 Order and Fluctuations in Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics
(order and fluctuations in equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics ) 		Léon Van Hove
( CERN )
18th 1982 Higher Energy Physics
( High Energy Physics ) 		Léon Van Hove
(CERN)
19th 1987 Surface Science
( Surface Physics ) [together with the Solvay Conference of Chemistry] 		FW de bet
(Austin)
20th 1991 Quantum Optics
( quantum optics ) 		Paul Mandel
(Brussels)
21st 1998 Dynamical Systems and irreversibility
( Dynamic Systems and irreversibility ) 		Ioannis Antoniou
(Brussels)
22nd 2001 The Physics of Communication
(physics of communication) 		Ioannis Antoniou
(Brussels)
23. 2005 The Quantum Structure of Space and Time
(quantum structure of space and time ) 		David Gross
(Santa Barbara)
24. 2008 Quantum Theory of Condensed Matter
(quantum theory of condensed matter ) 		Bertrand Halperin
(Harvard)
25th 2011 The theory of the quantum world
(theory of the quantum world) 		David Gross
(Santa Barbara)
26th 2014 Astrophysics and Cosmology
( astrophysics and cosmology ) 		Roger Blandford
(Stanford)
27. 2017 The Physics of Living Matter: Space, Time and Information in Biology
( The Physics of Living Matter: Space, Time and Information in Biology ) 		Boris Shraiman
(Santa Barbara)

First Solvay Conference on Physics (1911)

Walther Nernst Robert Goldschmidt Max Planck Marcel Brillouin Heinrich Rubens Ernest Solvay Arnold Sommerfeld Hendrik Antoon Lorentz Frederick Lindemann Maurice de Broglie Martin Knudsen Emil Warburg Friedrich Hasenöhrl Jean-Baptiste Perrin Georges Hostelet Édouard Herzen James Jeans Wilhelm Wien Marie Curie Ernest Rutherford Henri Poincaré Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Albert Einstein Paul Langevin
First Solvay conference in 1911

The first Solvay conference with the topic “Theory of Radiation and Quantum” was chaired by Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and dealt with the different approaches of classical physics and the emerging quantum physics.

The photo opposite shows the participants of the conference (clickable photo):

Standing from left to right: Robert Goldschmidt , Max Planck , Heinrich Rubens , Arnold Sommerfeld , Frederick Lindemann , Maurice de Broglie , Martin Knudsen , Friedrich Hasenöhrl , Georges Hostelet , Édouard Herzen , James Jeans , Ernest Rutherford , Heike Kamerlingh Onnes , Albert Einstein , Paul Langevin

Sitting from left to right: Walther Nernst , Marcel Brillouin , Ernest Solvay , Hendrik Antoon Lorentz , Emil Warburg , Jean-Baptiste Perrin , Wilhelm Wien , Marie Curie , Henri Poincaré

Second Solvay Conference on Physics (1913)

Second Solvay Conference 1913

Participants of the conference were:

Standing from left to right: Friedrich Hasenöhrl , Jules-Émile Verschaffelt , James Jeans , William Henry Bragg , Max von Laue , Heinrich Rubens , Marie Curie , Robert Goldschmidt , Arnold Sommerfeld , Édouard Herzen , Albert Einstein , Frederick Lindemann , Maurice de Broglie , William Jackson Pope , Eduard Grüneisen , Martin Knudsen , Georges Hostelet , Paul Langevin

Sitting from left to right: Walther Nernst , Ernest Rutherford , Wilhelm Wien , Joseph John Thomson , Emil Warburg , Hendrik Antoon Lorentz , Marcel Brillouin , William Barlow , Heike Kamerlingh Onnes , Robert Williams Wood , Louis Georges Gouy , Pierre-Ernest Weiss

Third Solvay Conference on Physics (1921)

Solvay Conference 1921

No German scientists were invited to this conference in 1921, because memories of the First World War and the German occupation of Belgium were too brief. On the one hand, this put the German scientists at a disadvantage, on the other hand, the quality of the conference suffered considerably, since important advances in the field of modern physics ( quantum theory , relativity theory ) were made at German universities .

Standing from left to right: William Lawrence Bragg , Edmond van Aubel , Wander Johannes de Haas , Édouard Herzen , Charles Glover Barkla , Paul Ehrenfest , Manne Siegbahn , Jules-Émile Verschaffelt , Léon Brillouin

Sitting from left to right: Albert A. Michelson , Martin Knudsen , Pierre-Ernest Weiss , Jean-Baptiste Perrin , Marcel Brillouin , Paul Langevin , Ernest Solvay , Owen Willans Richardson , Hendrik Antoon Lorentz , Joseph Larmor , Ernest Rutherford , Heike Kamerlingh Onnes , Robert Andrews Millikan , Pieter Zeeman , Marie Curie , Maurice de Broglie

Fourth Solvay Conference on Physics (1924)

Solvay Conference 1924

Participants in the 1924 conference were:

First row from left to right: Ernest Rutherford , Marie Curie , Edwin Hall , Hendrik Antoon Lorentz , William Henry Bragg , Marcel Brillouin , Willem Hendrik Keesom , Edmond van Aubel ;

second row from left to right: Peter Debye , Abram Fjodorowitsch Ioffe , Owen Willans Richardson , Witold Broniewski , Walter Rosenhain , Paul Langevin , George de Hevesy ;

above from left to right: Léon Brillouin , Émile Henriot , Théophile de Donder , Edmond Henri Georges Bauer , Édouard Herzen , Auguste Piccard , Erwin Schrödinger , Percy Williams Bridgman , Jules-Émile Verschaffelt

Fifth Solvay Conference on Physics (1927)

Fifth Solvay Conference 1927

At what was probably the most famous, the fifth Solvay conference on electrons and photons in 1927, the newly formulated quantum theory was discussed with the dominant personalities Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr ( Bohr-Einstein debate ). 17 of the 29 attendees owned or received the Nobel Prize in the following years.

Participants of the conference were:

Standing from left to right: Auguste Piccard , Émile Henriot , Paul Ehrenfest , Édouard Herzen , Théophile de Donder , Erwin Schrödinger , Jules-Émile Verschaffelt , Wolfgang Pauli , Werner Heisenberg , Ralph Howard Fowler , Léon Brillouin

Sitting in the second row from left to right: Peter Debye , Martin Knudsen , William Lawrence Bragg , Hendrik Anthony Kramers , Paul Dirac , Arthur Holly Compton , Louis-Victor de Broglie , Max Born , Niels Bohr

Sitting in the first row from left to right: Irving Langmuir , Max Planck , Marie Curie , Hendrik Antoon Lorentz , Albert Einstein , Paul Langevin , Charles-Eugène Guye , Charles Thomson Rees Wilson , Owen Willans Richardson

Sixth Solvay Conference on Physics (1930)

Sixth Solvay Conference, 1930

Participant photo of the sixth Solvay conference, Brussels 1930

Standing from left to right: Édouard Herzen , Émile Henriot , Jules-Émile Verschaffelt , Charles Manneback , Aimé Cotton , Jacques Errera , Otto Stern , Auguste Piccard , Walther Gerlach , Charles Galton Darwin , Paul Dirac , Edmond Henri Georges Bauer , Pjotr ​​Leonidowitsch Kapiza , Léon Brillouin , Hendrik Anthony Kramers , Peter Debye , Wolfgang Pauli , Jakow Dorfman , John H. van Vleck , Enrico Fermi , Werner Heisenberg

Sitting from left to right: Théophile de Donder , Pieter Zeeman , Pierre-Ernest Weiss , Arnold Sommerfeld , Marie Curie , Paul Langevin , Albert Einstein , Owen Willans Richardson , Blas Cabrera , Niels Bohr , Wander Johannes de Haas

Seventh Solvay Conference on Physics (1933)

Seventh Solvay Conference 1933

Participant photo of the seventh Solvay conference, Brussels (October 1933)

Sitting from left to right: Erwin Schrödinger , Irène Joliot-Curie , Niels Bohr , Abram Fjodorowitsch Ioffe , Marie Curie , Paul Langevin , Owen Willans Richardson , Ernest Rutherford , Théophile de Donder , Maurice de Broglie , Louis-Victor de Broglie , Lise Meitner , James Chadwick .

Standing from left to right: Émile Henriot , Francis Perrin , Frédéric Joliot-Curie , Werner Heisenberg , Hendrik Anthony Kramers , Ernst Stahel , Enrico Fermi , Ernest Walton , Paul Dirac , Peter Debye , Nevill Francis Mott , Blas Cabrera , George Gamow , Walther Bothe , Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett , MS Rosenblum, Jacques Errera , Edmond Henri Georges Bauer , Wolfgang Pauli , Jules-Émile Verschaffelt , Max Cosyns , Édouard Herzen , John Cockcroft , Charles Drummond Ellis , Rudolf Peierls , Auguste Piccard , Ernest Lawrence , Léon Rosenfeld .

Absent Albert Einstein and Charles-Eugène Guye

Eighth Solvay Conference on Physics (1948)

Eighth Solvay Conference 1948

Participants in the 1948 conference were:

Sitting from left to right: John Cockcroft , Marie-Antoinette Tonnelat , Erwin Schrödinger , Owen Willans Richardson , Niels Bohr , Wolfgang Pauli , William Lawrence Bragg , Lise Meitner , Paul Dirac , Hendrik Anthony Kramers , Théophile de Donder , Walter Heitler , Jules- Émile Verschaffelt ;

in the second row: Paul Scherrer , Ernst Stahel , Oskar Klein , Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett , Philip Dee , Felix Bloch , Otto Robert Frisch , Rudolf Peierls , Homi Jehangir Bhabha , Robert Oppenheimer , Giuseppe Occhialini , Cecil Frank Powell , Hendrik Casimir , Marc de Hemptinne ;

in the third row: Paul Kipfer , Pierre Auger , Francis Perrin , Robert Serber , Léon Rosenfeld , Bruno Ferretti , Christian Møller , Louis Leprince-Ringuet ;

fourth row: G Balasse, L. Flamache, L. Groven, O. Goche, M. Demeur, J. Errera, Van Isacker, Léon Van Hove , Edward Teller , Y. Goldschmidt, Ladislaus Laszlo Marton, CC Dilworth, Ilya Prigogine , Jules Géhéniau , Émile Henriot, Marcel Van Styvendael.

Ninth Solvay Conference on Physics (1951)

Ninth Solvay Conference 1951

Participants in the 1951 conference were:

Sitting: Crussaro, Norman Percy Allen , Yvette Cauchois , Borelius, William Lawrence Bragg , Christian Møller , Sietz, Hollomon, Frank,

second row: Gerhart Wolfgang Rathenau , Koster, Rudberg, L. Flamache, O. Goche, L. Groven, Egon Orowan , Wilhelm Gerard Burgers , William B. Shockley , André Guinier , CS Smith, Ulrich Dehlinger , Laval, E. Henriot,

third row: Gaspart, Lomer, Alan Cottrell , Georges Homes , Hubert Curien .

Tenth Solvay Conference on Physics (1954)

10th Solvay Conference 1954

Participants in the 1954 conference were:

Sitting from left to right: Kurt Mendelssohn , Herbert Fröhlich , David Pines , Christian Møller , Wolfgang Pauli , William Lawrence Bragg , Nevill Francis Mott , Louis Néel , Karl Wilhelm Meissner , MacDonald, Clifford Shull , Charles Friedel

Standing from left to right: Cor Gorter , Charles Kittel , Bernd Matthias , Ilya Prigogine , Lars Onsager , Brian Pippard , Smit, Fausto Gherardo Fumi, Jones, John Hasbrouck Van Vleck , Per-Olov Löwdin , Alfred Seeger , Paul Kipfer, O. Goche, G. Balasse, Jules Géhéniau .

Eleventh Solvay Conference on Physics (1958)

Participants in the 1958 conference were:

Sitting from left to right: William McCrea , Jan Hendrik Oort , Georges Lemaître , Cor Gorter , Wolfgang Pauli , William Lawrence Bragg , Robert Oppenheimer , Moller, Harlow Shapley , Otto Heckmann ;

Above from left to right: Oskar Klein , William Wilson Morgan , Fred Hoyle , BV Kukaskin, Viktor Hambardsumjan , Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst , Markus Fierz , Allan Rex Sandage , Walter Baade , Evry Schatzman , John Archibald Wheeler , Hermann Bondi , Thomas Gold , Herman Zanstra , Léon Rosenfeld , Ledoux, Bernard Lovell , Jules Géhéniau .

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22nd Solvay Conference on Physics (2001)

The participants in the 2001 conference were: Luigi Accardi , Ioannis Antoniou, Vasil V. Belokurov, Arno Bohm , Giulio Casati , Raymond Chiao , Juan Ignacio Cirac , Maurice Courbage, Costas Daskaloyannis, G. Dimakis, Aristophanes Dimakis, S. Dolev, T. Durt, Artur Ekert , Avshalom Elitzur , D. Ellinas, M. Floratos, M. Gadella, V. Gurzadyan, Karl Gustafson, Gernot Hegerfeldt , Takeyuki Hida, Lucjan Jacak , V. Kadyshevsky, Ido Kanter, C. Karanikas, Anders Karlsson, E. Karpov, Isaak Markowitsch Khalatnikoff , S. Kim, H. Jeff Kimble , Vi. Kocharovsky, Olga Kocharovskaya , Wladilen Letokhov , Gerd Leuchs , Seth Lloyd , Mikhail Lukin , Yuri Melnikov, Stephan Mertens, Bivudutta Mishra, Klaus Moelmer , Juval Ne'eman , Cleanthes A. Nicolaides, Günter Nimtz , Guillermo Ordonez, Saverio Pascazio, Roberto Passante , Tomio Petrosky, Eugene Polzik , Ilya Prigogine , Andrei G. Pronko, Jean-Michel Raimond , Mark Raizen , Linda E. Reichl, W. Schieve, Wolfgang Schleich , Panayiotis Siafarikas, Alexei Norairovich Sissakian, Jacques Solvay, Nicolas Sourlas, Philip CE Stamp, Aephraim Steinberg , Leo Stodolsky, George Sudarshan , Nikiforos G. Theofanous, George Tsaklidis, Lev Vaidman , Herbert Walther , Lei Wang, D. Xouris, Evgeny Yarevsky, Guihua Zeng, I. Zisis, Anton Zeilinger , Peter Zoller .

23rd Solvay Conference on Physics (2005)

The participants of the 2005 conference were: Nima Arkani-Hamed , Abhay Vasant Ashtekar , Michael Francis Atiyah , Constantin Bachas , Tom Banks , Jan de Boer , Lars Brink , Robert Brout , Claudio Bunster , Curtis Callan , Thibault Damour , Robbert Dijkgraaf , Michael R . Douglas , Gia Dwali , François Englert , Ludwig Faddejew , Pierre Fayet , Willy Fischler , Peter Galison , Murray Gell-Mann , Gary Gibbons , Michael Green , Brian Greene , David Gross , Alan Guth , Jeffrey Harvey , Gary Horowitz , Bernard Julia , Shamit Kachru , Renata Kallosch , Elias Kiritsis , Igor Klebanov , Andrei Linde , Dieter Lüst , Juan Maldacena , Nikita Nekrassow , Hermann Nicolai , Hirosi Ooguri , Joseph Polchinski , Alexander Polyakow , Eliezer Rabinovici , Pierre Ramond , Lisa Randall , Valeri Rubakow , John Schwarz , Nathan Seiberg , Ashoke Sen , Stephen Shenker , Eva Silverstein , Paul Steinhardt , Andrew Strominger , Gerardus' t Hooft , Neil Turok , Gabriele Veneziano , Steven Weinberg , Frank Wilczek , Pau l Windey , Bernard de Wit, and Shing-Tung Yau .

24th Solvay Conference on Physics (2008)

The 2008 conference participants were: Ian Affleck , Igor Aleiner , Boris Altshuler , Philip Warren Anderson , Natan Andrei , Tito Arecchi , Assa Auerbach , Leon Balents , Carlo Beenakker , Immanuel Bloch , John Chalker , Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain , Marvin Cohen , Leticia F. Cugliandolo , Sankar Das Sarma , JC Davis , Eugene Demler , James Eisenstein , MPA Fisher , Michael Freedman , Antoine Georges , Steven M. Girvin , Leonid Glazman , David Gross , F. Duncan M. Haldane , Bertrand Halperin , Cathy Kallin , Bernhard Keimer , Wolfgang Ketterle , Alexei Kitajew , Steven A. Kivelson , Klaus von Klitzing , Leo Kouwenhoven , Robert B. Laughlin , Patrick A. Lee , Daniel Loss , Allan H. MacDonald , Alexander Mirlin , Naoto Nagaosa , Nai Phuan Ong , Giorgio Parisi , Pierre Ramond , Nicholas Read , Thomas Maurice Rice, Subir Sachdev , T. Senthil, Zhi-Xun Shen , Efrat Shimshoni , Ady Stern , Matthias Troyer , Chandra Varma , Xiao-Gang Wen , Steven R. White , Frank Wilczek and Peter Zoller .

25th Solvay Conference on Physics (2011)

The participants at the 2011 conference were: Yakir Aharonov , Boris Altshuler , Ignatios Antoniadis , Nima Arkani-Hamed , Alain Aspect , David Awschalom , Leon Balents , Niklas Beisert , Michael Berry , Roger Blandford , Lars Brink , Claudio Bunster , Ignacio Cirac , Sankar Das Sarma , Seamus Davis , Robbert Dijkgraaf , Savas Dimopoulos , Michael R. Douglas , Georgi Dvali , François Englert , Matthew Fisher , Murray Gell-Mann , Howard Georgi , Gary Gibbons , Steven M. Girvin , Gian Francesco Giudice , Michael B. Green , David Gross , Alan Guth , F. Duncan M. Haldane , Bertrand Halperin , James Hartle , Stephen Hawking , Alan J. Heeger , Marc Henneaux , Gary Horowitz , Shamit Kachru , Wolfgang Ketterle , Igor Klebanov , Daniel Kleppner , Anthony J. Leggett , Juan Maldacena , Viatcheslav Mukhanov , Nikita Nekrasov , Hermann Nicolai , Hirosi Ooguri , Giorgio Parisi , William D. Phillips , Joseph Polchinski , Alexander Polyakov , John Preskill , Eliezer Rabinovici , Lisa Randall , Valery Rubak ov , Subir Sachdev , Nathan Seiberg , Ashoke Sen , Mikhail Shifman , Eva Silverstein , Gerard 't Hooft , Gabriele Veneziano , Erik Verlinde , Klaus von Klitzing , Spenta Wadia , Xiao-Gang Wen , Frank Wilczek , David J. Wineland , Edward Witten , Anton Zeilinger , Peter Zoller and Wojciech Zurek .

26th Solvay Conference on Physics (2014)

The participants of the 2014 conference were: Tom Abel , Conny Aerts , Laura Baudis, Mitchell Begelman, Roger Blandford , Dick Bond , Lars Brink , John Carlstrom , Thibault Damour , Paolo De Bernardis , Robbert Dijkgraaf , Ger de Bruyn, Jo Dunkley, George Efstathiou , Daniel Eisenstein , Richard Ellis , François Englert , Andrew Fabian , Carlos Frenk , Steven Furlanetto, Reinhard Genzel , Peter Goldreich , David Gross , Alan Guth , Werner Hofmann , John F. Hawley , Marc Kamionkowski , Vicky Kaspi, Eiichiro Komatsu , Chryssa Kouveliotou , Michael Kramer , Shri Kulkarni , James Lattimer , Nazzareno Mandolesi , Piero Madau , Viatcheslav Mukhanov , Hitoshi Murayama , Jeremiah Ostriker , P. James Peebles , Ue-Li Pen, E. Sterl Phinney, Tsvi Piran, Philipp Podsiadlowski, Clem Pryke, Jean -Loup Puget , Georg Raffelt , Pierre Ramond , Martin Rees , Roger Romani, Uros Seljak, Alexander Sevrin, Eva Silverstein , David Spergel , Rashid Sunyaev , Scott Tremaine , Ed van den Heuvel , Neil Weiner, Simon Wh ite , Ralph Wijers, Matias Zaldarriaga and Saleem Zaroubi.

27th Solvay Conference on Physics (2017)

The participants of the 2017 conference were: Uri Alon , Alexander Aulehla , William Bialek , Roger Blandford , Clifford Brangwynne , Lars Brink , Arup Chakraborty , Steven Chu , Michael Desai , Robbert Dijkgraaf , Suzanne Eaton , Michael Elowitz , Daniel Fisher , Irene Giardina , Albert Goldbeter , Holly Goodson , Isabel Gordo , Thomas Gregor , Stephan Grill , David Gross , Bertrand Halperin , Marc Henneaux , Jonathon Howard , James Hudspeth , Terence Hwa , Anthony Hyman , Frank Jülicher , Nicole King , Eugene Koonin , Thomas Lecuit , Herbert Levine , Ottoline Leyser , Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz , Maha Mahadevan , Cristina Marchetti , Satyajit Mayor , Edwin Munro , Andrew Murray , Daniel Needleman , Richard Neher , Nipam Patel , Alan Perelson , Rob Phillips , Stephen Quake , Paul Rainey , Sharad Ramanathan , Pierre Ramond , Alexander Sevrin , Boris Shraiman , Eric Siggia , Ben Simons , Jan Skotheim , Gürol Süel , Massimo Vergassola , Klaus von Klitzing , Aleksandra Walczak , Eric Wiescha us , Ned Wingreen , Kurt Wüthrich and Peter Zoller .

Solvay Conferences for Chemistry

conference year theme Chair
1. 1922 Cinq Questions d'Actualite
(Five current questions) 		William Jackson Pope
(Cambridge)
2. 1925 Structure et Activité Chimique
( chemical structure and activity ) 		William Jackson Pope
(Cambridge)
3. 1928 Questions d'Actualite
(current questions) 		William Jackson Pope
(Cambridge)
4th 1931 Constitution et Configuration des Molécules Organiques
(structure and configuration of organic molecules) 		William Jackson Pope
(Cambridge)
5. 1934 L'Oxygène, ses réactions chimiques et biologiques
( oxygen , its chemical and biological reactions) 		William Jackson Pope
(Cambridge)
6th 1937 Les Vitamines et les Hormones
( vitamins and hormones ) 		Fred Swarts
(Ghent)
7th 1947 Les Isotopes
(The Isotopes ) 		Paul Karrer
(Zurich)
8th. 1950 Le Mécanisme de l'Oxydation
(The Mechanism of Oxidation ) 		Paul Karrer
(Zurich)
9. 1953 Les Protéines
( proteins ) 		Paul Karrer
(Zurich)
10. 1956 Quelques Problèmes de Chimie Minérale
(Some Problems of Inorganic Chemistry ) 		Paul Karrer
(Zurich)
11. 1959 Les Nucléoprotéines
( nucleoproteins ) 		Alfred Ubbelohde
(London)
12. 1962 Transfert d'Energie dans les Gazs
( energy transfer in gases) 		Alfred Ubbelohde
(London)
13. 1965 Reactivity of the Photoexited Organic Molecule
(The reactivity of the organic molecule excited by light) 		Alfred Ubbelohde
(London)
14th 1969 Phase Transitions
( phase transitions ) 		Alfred Ubbelohde
(London)
15th 1972 Electrostatic Interactions and Structure of Water
( Electrostatic interactions and structure of the water ) 		Alfred Ubbelohde
(London)
16. 1976 Molecular Movements and Chemical Reactivity as conditioned by Membranes, Enzymes and other Molecules
(molecular movements and chemical reactivity due to membranes , enzymes and other molecules) 		Alfred Ubbelohde
(London)
17th 1980 Aspects of Chemical Evolution
(aspects of chemical evolution ) 		Alfred Ubbelohde
(London)
18th 1983 Design and Synthesis of Organic Molecules Based on Molecular Recognition
(design and synthesis of organic molecules based on molecular recognition ) 		Ephraim Katchalski
(Rehovot, Israel)
Vladimir Prelog
(Zurich)
19th 1987 Surface Science
( surface chemistry ) [together with the Solvay Conference in Physics] 		Frederik W. de Wette
(Austin)
20th 1995 Chemical Reactions and their Control on the Femtosecond Time Scale
( chemical reactions and their control on the Femtosecond Time Scale) 		Pierre Gaspard
(Brussels)
21st 2007 From noncovalent Assemblies to Molecular Machines
(From noncovalent arrangements to molecular machines ) 		Jean-Pierre Sauvage
(Strasbourg)
22nd 2010 Quantum Effects in Chemistry and Biology
( Quantum Effects in Chemistry and Biology ) 		Graham Fleming
(Berkeley)
23. 2013 New Chemistry and New Opportunities from the Expanding Protein Universe
( New Chemistry and New Opportunities from the Expanding Protein Universe ) 		Kurt Wüthrich
(ETH Zurich)
24. 2016 Catalysis in Chemistry and Biology
( Catalysis in chemistry and biology) 		Kurt Wüthrich
(ETH Zurich)
25th 2019

literature

  • P. Marage, G. Wallenborn: Les conseils Solvay et la physique modern. In: Robert Halleux, Jan Vanndermissen, A. Despy-Mayer, G. Vanpaemel (eds.): Histoire des Sciences en Belgique, 1815-2000 . Volume 2, 2001, pp. 109–121 ( online ; PDF; 219 kB)
  • Pierre Marage, Grégoire Wallenborn (Ed.): The Solvay Councils and the Birth of Modern Physics (= Science Networks. Historical Studies, Book 22). Birkhäuser, Basel 1999, ISBN 3-7643-5705-3 .
  • Walther Nernst : Application of quantum theory to a number of physical-chemical problems . Solvay Congress. Volume 3, 1911, pp. 208-244. Treatise of the German Bunsen Society for Applied Physical Chemistry.
  • The theory of radiation and quanta. Negotiations at a meeting called by E. Solvay (October 30 to November 3, 1911). Publisher by Wilhelm Knapp, Halle a. P. 1914.

Web links

Commons : Solvay Conference  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Proceedings of the 22nd Solvay Conference on Physics, Delphi and Lamia, Greece, November 24-29, 2001
  2. ^ A b Proceedings of the 23rd Solvay Conference on Physics, Brussels, Belgium, 1-3 December 2005
  3. ^ A b Proceedings of the 24th Solvay Conference on Physics, Brussels, Belgium, 2008
  4. ^ A b Proceedings of the 25th Solvay Conference on Physics, Brussels, Belgium, October 19-22, 2011
  5. ^ Solvay Conference E12. In: Segré Archive. AIP, accessed February 27, 2018 .
  6. ↑ Pictures of the Solvay conferences
  7. ^ Solvay Conference E14. In: Segré Archive. AIP, accessed February 27, 2018 .
  8. ↑ Solvay Institute: Annual Report 2014. (pdf) 2014, p. 26ff , accessed on January 16, 2018 (English).
  9. ↑ Solvay Institute: Annual Report 2017. (pdf) 2017, pp. 28ff , accessed on October 4, 2018 (English).