14th Division (German Empire)

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The 14th Division , also known as the 14th Infantry Division for the duration of the mobile relationship , was a large unit of the Prussian Army

14th division

active October 9, 1815 to 1919
Country German EmpireThe German Imperium German Empire
Armed forces Prussian Army
Type Infantry Division
structure see: Outline
Insinuation VII Army Corps
On April 2, 1906, Kaiser Wilhelm II (right) , riding in the lead, led the 2nd Westphalian Hussar Regiment No. 11 into the city of Krefeld.

structure

The division was part of the VII Army Corps .

Franco-German War

Peace structure 1914

Organization of war during mobilization in 1914

  • 27th Infantry Brigade
    • Infantry Regiment "Freiherr von Sparr" (3rd Westphalian) No. 16
    • 5th Westphalian Infantry Regiment No. 53
  • 79th Infantry Brigade
    • Infantry Regiment "Vogel von Falckenstein" (7th Westphalian) No. 56
    • Infantry Regiment "Duke Ferdinand von Braunschweig" (8th Westphalian) No. 57
  • 3rd Squadron / 2nd Hanover Dragoon Regiment No. 16
  • 14th Field Artillery Brigade
    • 1st Westphalian Field Artillery Regiment No. 7
    • Kleve's Field Artillery Regiment No. 43
  • 2nd and 3rd Company / Engineer Battalion No. 7

Division of War of April 13, 1918

  • 79th Infantry Brigade
    • Infantry Regiment "Freiherr von Sparr" (3rd Westphalian) No. 16
    • Infantry Regiment "Vogel von Falckenstein" (7th Westphalian) No. 56
    • Infantry Regiment "Duke Ferdinand von Braunschweig" (8th Westphalian) No. 57
    • Machine gun sniper division No. 23
    • 5th Squadron / 2nd Hanover Dragoons Regiment No. 16
  • Artillery Commander No. 14
    • Kleve's Field Artillery Regiment No. 43
    • 2nd Battalion / Foot Artillery Regiment No. 22
  • Engineer Battalion No. 124
  • Division News Commander No. 14

history

The large association was originally formed on October 9, 1815 as a troop brigade in Trier and formed into the 14th division on September 5, 1818. From 1818 to 1919 the command was in Düsseldorf .

Franco-German War

The division was already in action on August 6, 1870 near Spichern . On the morning of August 14, investigations indicated that the French army was marching on Metz . The 26th Infantry Brigade under Major General Goltz formed the vanguard of the VII Corps in the following battle at Colombey-Nouilly . When the latter felt sufficiently oriented to disrupt the backward movement intended by the French, he informed both divisions of the VII Corps as well as the I. Corps in order to be sure of their support in the event of enemy superiority and attacked.

On the orders of Prince Friedrich Karl , commander of the 2nd Army, on the evening of August 19, the VII Corps relocated its headquarters to Ars. General Zastrow assigned the 14th division to the right bank of the Moselle for the enclosure of Metz .

After the victory of Sedan and the capture of the emperor and Mac Mahon 's army, no further attempt to break through to the north was expected in the prince's view. He moved the center of gravity in the west to the south.

While the 13th division remained in Metz, the 14th moved to the siege of the fortress Diedenhofen . After enclosing the fortress, it surrendered on November 24th. The division now followed the siege corps.

First World War

Battle calendar

1914
1915
1916
  • until March 27th - trench warfare in Flanders and Artois
  • March 27 to June 4 - Reserve of the OHL at Tournai
  • 0June 5th to September 8th - Battle of Verdun
  • from September 9th - trench warfare before Verdun
    • December 15-16 - Battles for Louvemont and Bezonvaux
    • December 28th - Fight on the Dead Man
1917
  • until April 24th - trench warfare in front of Verdun
  • April 27th to May 27th - Aisne-Champagne double battle
  • May 28th to October 23rd - Trench warfare on Chemin des Dames
  • October 24th to November 2nd - rearguard battles on and south of the Ailette
  • from November 5th - trench warfare in front of Verdun
1918
  • until January 29th - trench warfare in front of Verdun
  • January 10th to March 25th - Reserve of the OHL at Moncel
  • March 25th to April 6th - Great Battle of France
  • 0April 6th to May 27th - Fights on the Ancre , Somme and Avre
  • May 27th to June 13th - Battle of Soissons and Reims
    • May 28th to June 1st - pursuit battles up to the Marne
    • May 30th to June 13th - Assault fighting west and southwest of Soissons
  • June 14th to July 4th - trench warfare between Oise , Aisne and Marne
  • 0July 5th to 17th - Trench warfare west of Soissons
  • July 18-25 - Defensive battle between Soissons and Reims
  • July 26th to August 3rd - Mobile defensive battle between Marne and Vesle
  • 04th to 16th August - trench warfare between Oise and Aisne
  • 17th to 30th August - defensive battle between Oise and Aisne
  • August 30th to September 13th - Reserve of the OHL
  • September 13th to 25th - Trench warfare near Reims
  • September 26th to October 17th - defensive battle in Champagne and on the Meuse
  • October 18-20 - fights in the dog position
  • October 20 to November 4 - Fights in front of and in the Hermann position
    • October 20th to 26th - Fights between Oise and Serre
  • 0November 5th to 11th - fighting in retreat in front of the Antwerp- Maas position
  • from November 12th - evacuation of the occupied territory and march home

Commanders

Rank Surname date
Major general Karl Friedrich Franciscus von Steinmetz 0October 9, 1815 to November 2, 1816
Major general Friedrich Wilhelm of Sjöholm 0November 5, 1816 to December 2, 1820
Lieutenant General Friedrich of Prussia 0January 2, 1821 to March 29, 1838
Major general Karl von der Groeben March 30, 1838 to September 9, 1840 (in charge of the tour)
Major General / Lieutenant General Karl von der Groeben September 10, 1840 to March 2, 1848
Lieutenant General Otto von Drigalski 0March 7, 1848 to January 31, 1849
Lieutenant General Karl von Canitz and Dallwitz 0February 1 to May 1, 1849
Lieutenant General Karl Anton von Hohenzollern April 15, 1852 to November 5, 1858
Major general Albrecht von Roon 0November 6, 1858 to January 19, 1860
Major General / Lieutenant General Friedrich von Monts January 20, 1860 to May 17, 1864
Lieutenant General Hugo Eberhard zu Münster-Meinhövel April 25, 1864 to October 29, 1866
Lieutenant General Leonhard von Blumenthal October 30, 1866 to July 1870
Lieutenant General Georg von Kameke July 18, 1870 to January 4, 1871
Lieutenant General Ernst Wilhelm Schuler from Senden 0January 5, 1871 to October 21, 1871
Lieutenant General Hugo von Obernitz 0October 3, 1871 to April 16, 1879
Lieutenant General Karl von Witzendorff April 17, 1879 to April 14, 1882
Lieutenant General Hermann von Schenck April 15, 1882 to October 16, 1883
Lieutenant General Wilhelm Dietrich of Gemmingen October 17, 1883 to April 28, 1886
Lieutenant General Henry XIII. Prince Reuss April 29, 1886 to July 9, 1888
Major general Emil von Fischer July 10 to August 3, 1888 (in charge of the tour)
Lieutenant General Emil von Fischer 0August 4, 1888 to March 23, 1890
Lieutenant General Max von der Planitz March 24, 1890 to October 13, 1890
Lieutenant General Arno from Arndt October 14, 1890 to March 16, 1894
Lieutenant General Richard von Funck March 17, 1894 to January 26, 1897
Lieutenant General Henry XVIII Prince Reuss January 27, 1897 to February 15, 1899
Lieutenant General Friedrich von Kamptz February 16, 1899 to July 6, 1901
Lieutenant General Ernst von Voigt 0July 7, 1901 to April 30, 1904
Major general Kurt von Sperling 0May 1 to October 18, 1904 (in charge of the tour)
Lieutenant General Kurt von Sperling October 19, 1904 to April 25, 1907
Lieutenant General Paul Stephan April 26, 1907 to April 23, 1908
Lieutenant General Karl Wilhelm Gronen April 24, 1908 to October 5, 1911
Lieutenant General Dedo von Schenck 0October 6, 1911 to September 30, 1912
Lieutenant General Otto von Lauenstein 0October 1, 1912 to August 1, 1914
Major General / Lieutenant General Paul Fleck 0August 1, 1914 to January 1, 1915
Lieutenant General Kurt von Ditfurth 0January 2 to May 24, 1915
Major general Constantin von Altrock May 25 to December 29, 1915
Major general Fritz of Verden December 30, 1915 to September 16, 1917
Lieutenant General Karl Kraewel September 17, 1917 to July 8, 1918
Major general Georg Pohlmann 0July 9, 1918 to January 21, 1919

literature

  • Hall of Fame of our Old Army. Published on the basis of official material from the Reichsarchiv , Militär-Verlag, Berlin 1927, pp. 65, 110–111.
  • Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army Which Participated in the War (1914-1918). United States War Office as War Department Document No. 905, Office of the Adjutant, 1920, pp. 236-239.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Alfred Cramer : History of the Infantry Regiment Prince Friedrich of the Netherlands (2nd Westphalian) No. 15. Verlag R. Eisenschmid, Berlin 1910.
  2. ↑ Dermot Bradley (ed.), Günter Wegner: Occupation of the German Army 1815-1939. Volume 1: The higher command posts 1815–1939. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1990, ISBN 3-7648-1780-1 , p. 109 f.