List of heads of state 1508

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Africa

• ( Abdalwadiden ) (in what is now western Algeria, capital Tlemcen )
  • Sultan : Abu Abdallah Muhammad VIII (1504–1517)

• Adal
  • Sultan: Muhammad ibn Azhar ad-Din (1488-1518)

• Egypt ( Burjiyya dynasty )
  • Sultan : Al Ashraf Qansuh II. Al-Ghuri (1501-1516)

• Ethiopia
  • Emperor (Negus Negest) : Na'od I. (1494–1508)
  • Emperor (Negus Negest): David II. (1508–1540)

• Bornu (in present-day Niger ) Sefuwa dynasty
  • King / May: Idris II. (1497-1515)

• Ifriqiya (East Algeria, Tunisia) ( Hafsiden )
  • Caliph : Muhammad V (1493-1526)

• Jolof (in what is now Senegal )
  • Buur-ba Jolof : Bukaar Biye-Sungule (1492-1527)

• Kano
  • Emir: Abdullah (1499–1509)

• Congo
  • Mani-Congo : Nzinga á Nkuwu (João I) (1470–1509)

• Morocco ( Wattasids )
  • Sultan : Abdallah Muhammad (1505-1524)

• Munhumutapa Empire
  • Ruler : Kakuyo Komunyaka (1494 – around 1530)

• Sultanate of Sannar (in what is now Sudan )
  • Sultan : Amara Dunqas (1503–1533 / 34)

• Songhaeich (in West Africa)
  • Ruler : Mohommed Ture the Great (1493–1528)

America

• Aztec Empire
  • Tlatoani : Moctezuma II. (1502-1520)

• Inca Empire
  • King : Huayna Cápac (1493–1527)

Asia

• China ( Ming Dynasty )
  • Emperor : Zhengde (1505–1521)

• India
  • Ahom (Assam)
    • King : Suhungmung (1497–1539)
  • Dekkan Sultanates (in Central India)
    • Ahmadnagar
      • Sultan: Malik Ahmad Shah I (1490–1510)
    • Berar
      • Sultan: Aladdin Imad Shah (1504–1529)
    • Bidar
      • Sultan: Amir Barid I (1504–1542)
    • Bijapur
      • Sultan : Yusuf Adil Shah (1490–1510)
  • Delhi
    • Sultan : Sikandar II. Lodi (1489–1517)
  • Vijayanagar (in South India)
    • King : Viranarasimha Raya (1503–1509)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Go-Kashiwabara (1500–1526)
  • Shogun ( Ashikaga ): Ashikaga Yoshizumi (1494–1508)
  • Shogun (Ashikaga): Ashikaga Yoshitane (1490-1493) (1508-1521)

• Korea ( Joseon Dynasty )
  • King : Jungjong (1506–1544)

• Ottoman Empire: see Europe

• Persia ( Safavid dynasty)
  • Shah : Ismail I (1501-1524)

• Thailand
  • King : Rama Thibodi II (1491–1529)

• Vietnam ( Hậu Lê Dynasty )
  • King: Lê Uy Mục (1505–1509)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • King of Navarre : Catherine of Navarre (1483–1517)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Pere de Cardona (1472–1515)

• Denmark (1397–1523 personal union with Norway and Sweden Kalmar Union )
  • King : John I (1481–1513)

• Teutonic Order State
  • Grand Master : Friedrich of Saxony (1498–1510)

• England
  • King : Henry VII (1485–1509)

• France
  • King : Ludwig XII. (1498–1515)

• Holy Roman Empire
  • King : Maximilian I (1486 / 93–1519) emperor from 1508
  • Electorates
    • Archbishopric of Cologne
      • Archbishop : Hermann IV of Hesse (1480–1508) (1498–1508 administrator of Paderborn)
      • Archbishop: Philip II of Daun (1508–1515)
    • Archbishopric Mainz
      • Archbishop : Jakob von Liebenstein (1504–1508)
      • Archbishop: Uriel von Gemmingen (1508–1514)
    • Archbishopric Trier
      • Archbishop : Jacob II of Baden (1503–1511)
    • Bohemia
      • King : Vladislav II (1471–1516)
    • Brandenburg
      • Elector : Joachim I. Nestor (1499–1535)
    • Electoral Palatinate
      • Elector : Philip the Sincere (1476–1508)
      • Elector: Ludwig V (1508–1544)
    • Saxony ( Ernestiner )
      • Elector : Friedrich III. the wise (1486-1525)
  • spiritual principalities
    • Hochstift Augsburg
      • Bishop : Heinrich IV. Von Lichtenau (1505–1517)
    • Bamberg Monastery
      • Bishop : George III. Schenk of Limpurg (1505–1522)
    • Hochstift Basel
      • Bishop : Christoph von Utenheim (1503–1527)
    • Brandenburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Hieronymus Schulz (1507–1521) (1521–1522 Bishop of Havelberg)
    • Archbishopric Bremen
      • Archbishop : Johann III. Rode (1497-1511)
    • Brixen monastery
      • Bishop : Melchior von Meckau (1488–1509)
    • Archbishopric of Cambrai
      • Bishop : Jacques de Croÿ (1503-1516)
    • Hochstift Cammin
      • Bishop : Martin Karith (1498–1521)
    • Chiemsee Abbey
      • Bishop : Christoph Mendel von Steinfels (1502–1508)
      • Bishop: Berthold Pürstinger (1508–1526)
    • Chur Monastery
      • Administrator : Paul Ziegler (1505–1541) (from 1509 bishop)
    • Eichstätt Monastery
      • Bishop : Gabriel von Eyb (1496–1535)
  • secular principalities
    • to bathe
      • Margrave : Christoph I (1475–1515)
    • Bavaria
      • Duke : Albrecht IV. (1465–1508) (until 1503 Duke of Bavaria-Munich )
      • Duke: Wilhelm IV. (1508–1550)
    • Brandenburg-Ansbach (personal union with Kulmbach 1495–1515)
      • Margrave : Friedrich II. The Elder (1486–1515)
    • Brandenburg-Kulmbach (personal union with Ansbach 1495–1515)
      • Margrave : Friedrich II. The Elder (1495–1515)
    • Duchy of Brunswick-Lueneburg
      • Principality of Calenberg (-Göttingen)
        • Duke: Erich I (1495–1540)
      • Principality of Grubenhagen
        • Duke: Philip I (1485–1551)
      • Principality of Lüneburg
        • Duke : Henry I the Middle (1486–1520)
      • Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
        • Duke : Heinrich I (1491 / 1503–1514)
    • Hanau
      • Hanau-Lichtenberg
        • Count : Philip III. (1504–1538)
      • Hanau-Munzenberg
        • Count : Reinhard IV. (1496 / 1500–1512)
    • Hesse
      • Landgrave : Wilhelm II. (1493–1509)
    • Hohenzollern
      • Count : Eitel Friedrich II. (1488–1512)
    • Jülich-Berg (-Ravensberg)
      • Duke : Wilhelm IV. (1475–1511)
    • Kleve Mark
      • Duke : Johann II. (1481–1521)
    • lip
      • Lord : Bernhard VII. (1429–1511)
    • Lorraine
      • Duke : René II (1473–1508)
      • Duke: Anton II (1508–1544)
    • Mecklenburg (1503–1508 / 20 joint rule)
      • Duke : Albrecht VII (1503–1547, Güstrow )
      • Duke: Erich II. (1503–1508, Schwerin )
      • Duke: Heinrich V (1503–1552, Schwerin)
    • Nassau
      • Ottonian line
        • Nassau-Beilstein
          • Count : Johann II. (1499–1513)
        • Nassau-Breda
          • Count : Heinrich III. (1504–1538)
        • Nassau-Dillenburg
          • Count : Johann V (1475–1516)
      • walramic line
        • Nassau-Saarbrücken
          • Count : Johann Ludwig I (1472–1545)
        • Nassau-Weilburg
          • Count : Ludwig I (1492–1523)
        • Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (common rule)
          • Count : Philipp (1480–1509) in Idstein
          • Count : Adolf III. (1480–1511) in Wiesbaden
    • Ortenburg
      • Count : Wolfgang I. (1490–1519)
    • Ostfriesland
      • Count : Edzard I. (1491–1528)
    • Palatinate (Kurlinie see under Electorates)
      • Pfalz-Neuburg
        • Count Palatine : Ottheinrich (1505–1557) (until 1522 under guardianship)
        • Count Palatine: Philip the Arguable (1505–1548) (until 1522 under guardianship)
        • Regent: Friedrich of the Palatinate (1505–1522)
      • Palatinate-Simmern
        • Count Palatine : Johann I the Elder (1480–1509)
      • Pfalz-Zweibrücken
        • Count Palatine : Alexander (1489–1514)
    • Pomerania
      • Duke : Bogislaw X. the Great (1474 / 1478–1523)
    • Saxony ( Albertiner )
      • Duke : George the Bearded (1500–1539)
    • Saxony-Lauenburg ( Askanier )
      • Duke : Magnus I (1507–1543)
    • Württemberg
      • Duke : Ulrich (1498–1550)

• Italian states
  • Ferrara , Modena and Reggio
    • Duke : Alfonso I d'Este (1505–1534)
  • Genoa (1499–1528) under French rule
  • Papal States
    • Pope : Julius II (1503–1513)
  • Milan
    • Duke : Louis XII. of France (1499–1500) (1500–1512)
  • Mantua ( Gonzaga )
    • Margrave : Gianfrancesco II. Gonzaga (1484–1519)
  • Massa and Carrara
    • Margrave : Antonio Alberico II. Malaspina (1481–1519)
  • Montferrat
    • Margrave : Wilhelm XI. (1494-1518)
  • Naples (1503–1707 / 14 to Aragon or Spain )
    • King: Ferdinand II of Aragon (1503–1516)
      • Viceroy : John II of Ribagorza (1507–1509)
  • Saluzzo
    • Margrave : Michael Anton (1504–1528)
  • Savoy
    • Duke : Charles III. (1504–1553)
  • Sicily (1412–1713 to Aragon or Spain )
    • King: Ferdinand II of Aragon (1479–1516)
      • Viceroy : Ramón de Cardona (1507–1509)
  • Urbino
    • Duke : Guidobaldo I da Montefeltro (1482–1508)
    • Duke: Francesco Maria I della Rovere (1508–1516) (1521–1539)
  • Venice
    • Doge : Leonardo Loredan (1501-1521)

• Order of St. John in Rhodes
  • Grand Master : Emery d'Amboise (1503–1512)

• Livonia
  • Landmeister : Wolter von Plettenberg (1494–1535)

• Moldova
  • Prince : Bogdan III. cel Orb (1504-1517)

• Monaco
  • Seigneur : Lucien (1505–1523)

• Montenegro
  • Prince : Ivan II. Crnojević (1498–1515)

• Moscow
  • Grand Duke : Wassili III. (1505–1533)

• Navarre
  • Queen : Catherine (1484–1512 / 17)
  • King: Johann III. d'Albret (1484–1512 / 16) ( iure uxoris )

• Norway (1397–1523 personal union with Denmark and Sweden Kalmar Union )
  • King : John I (1481–1513)

• Ottoman Empire
  • Sultan : Bayezid II (1481-1512)

• Poland
  • King : Sigismund I (1506–1548)

• Portugal
  • King : Manuel I (1495–1521)

• Scotland
  • King : Jacob IV (1488–1513)

• Sweden (1397–1523 personal union with Denmark and Norway, Kalmar Union ; 1501–1520 rule of Swedish rulers)
  • Imperial Administrator : Svante Sture (1504–1512)

• Spanish states
  • Aragon
    • King : Ferdinand II. (1479–1516) (1474–1504 King of Castile, 1506–1516 Regent of Castile, 1512–1516 King of Navarre, 1504–1516 King of Naples)
  • Castile
    • Queen : Joan the Mad (1504–1555)
    • Regent: Ferdinand II of Aragón (1506–1516) (1474–1504 King of Castile, 1479–1516 King of Aragón and Sicily, 1512–1516 King of Navarre, 1504–1516 King of Naples)
  • Navarre
    • Queen : Catherine (1483–1517)
    • King: Johann III. (1484–1516) (de iure uxoris)

• Hungary
  • King : Wladyslaw II. (1490–1516)

• Wallachia
  • Prince : Radu cel Mare (1495–1508)
  • Prince: Mihnea cel Rau (1508–1509)