Wittelshofen

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the municipality of Wittelshofen
Wittelshofen
Map of Germany, position of the municipality Wittelshofen highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 4 ′  N , 10 ° 29 ′  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Middle Franconia
County : Ansbach
Management Community : Hesselberg
Height : 434 m above sea level NHN
Area : 24.23 km 2
Residents: 1284 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 53 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 91749
Primaries : 09854, 09853
License plate : AN , DKB, FEU, ROT
Community key : 09 5 71 227
Community structure: 10 parish parts
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Schulstr. 15
91749 Wittelshofen
Website : www.wittelshofen.de
Mayor : Werner Leibrich ( voter group )
Location of the municipality of Wittelshofen in the district of Ansbach
Landkreis Donau-Ries Ansbach Fürth Landkreis Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim Landkreis Fürth Landkreis Roth Landkreis Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen Unterer Wald Lehrberg Adelshofen (Mittelfranken) Bechhofen (Mittelfranken) Bruckberg (Mittelfranken) Buch am Wald Burk Colmberg Dentlein am Forst Diebach Dietenhofen Dinkelsbühl Dombühl Ehingen (Mittelfranken) Feuchtwangen Flachslanden Gebsattel Gerolfingen Geslau Heilsbronn Insingen Langfurth Leutershausen Lichtenau (Mittelfranken) Merkendorf (Mittelfranken) Mönchsroth Neuendettelsau Neusitz Oberdachstetten Ohrenbach Petersaurach Röckingen Rothenburg ob der Tauber Rügland Sachsen bei Ansbach Schillingsfürst Schnelldorf Schopfloch (Mittelfranken) Steinsfeld Unterschwaningen Wassertrüdingen Weidenbach (Mittelfranken) Weihenzell Weiltingen Wettringen (Mittelfranken) Wieseth Windelsbach Windsbach Wittelshofen Wörnitz (Gemeinde) Wolframs-Eschenbach Wilburgstetten Ornbau Mitteleschenbach Herrieden Dürrwangen Burgoberbach Aurach (Landkreis Ansbach) Arberg Baden-Württembergmap
About this picture

Wittelshofen is a municipality in the district of Ansbach in Middle Franconia . The community is a member of the Hesselberg administrative community based in Ehingen .

geography

View from Hesselberg to the municipality in 2005
View from Hesselberg to Wittelshofen 2019
Wittelshofen on the Wörnitz and on the Hesselberg

Geographical location

The municipality of Wittelshofen ( 434  m above sea level ) is located at the confluence of the Sulzach and Wörnitz at the foot of the Hesselberg .

Neighboring communities

The neighboring communities are:

(List starting in the north and clockwise)

Community structure

The municipality has ten officially named municipal parts (the type of settlement is indicated in brackets ):

history

Until the 19th century

The place was first mentioned in 1274 as "Witelshoven". The defining word of the place name is the personal name Witold or Witolf. A person of this name is assumed to be the founder. The settlement is likely to have originated earlier. That the chapel at the confluence of Sulzach and Wörnitz dedicated to St. Martin , offers a clue for a Carolingian foundation in the 8th century AD.

In the old town center, on an elevation, is today's parish church of St. Martin, which was a branch church of St. Johannis in Aufkirchen until 1627. In the east of the village there is a village area on the banks of the Sulzach, which may be another settlement core. The north of the village is defined by a moated castle, of which the remains of the wall and moat and part of the outer bailey with the tithe barn have been preserved. It can be assumed that there was a wooden tower on the castle hill in the 11th century, which was converted into a stone castle in the 12th century. The water conditions of the soil were certainly decisive for the construction of the castle in this area. In 1277 the Roman-German King Rudolf von Habsburg pledged the tithe of Wittelshofen and Gerolfingen to the Lords of Nortenberg . From 1300 to 1380 the castle was owned by the Lords of Merkingen, who sold it to the citizen Wilhelm Hofer von Lobenstein . From this the property passed to the St. Gumbertus Abbey in Ansbach, from which the margraves took it over in 1525. Since then it had remained in margrave hands. The influence of the Margraves of Ansbach lasted until 1791. In 1856 the former Margrave Castle was destroyed by fire.

The Fraisch over Wittelshofen was controversial. It was claimed by both the Ansbach Oberamt Wassertrüdingen and the Oberamt Dürrwangen in Oettingen- Spielberg . The village and community rulership was held by the Ansbach Vogtamt Wittelshofen . Towards the end of the 18th century there were 92 properties in Wittelshofen. There was also a synagogue, a church, a rectory, a parish school and shepherd's house. Were landlords

From 1797 to 1808 the place was subordinate to the Justice and Chamber Office Wassertrüdingen .

In 1806 Wittelshofen came to the Kingdom of Bavaria . With the municipal edict , the tax district Wittelshofen was formed in 1809 , to which the places Gelshofen , Gelsmühle , Grabmühle , Illenschwang , Neumühle , Obermichelbach , Untermichelbach and Wörnitzhofen belonged. At the same time, two rural communities emerged :

  • Untermichelbach with Gelshofen, Gelsmühle, Illenschwang, Neumühle, Obermichelbach
  • Wittelshofen with grave mill and Wörnitzhofen.

As early as 1813, three rural communities were formed again this time:

  • Illenschwang with Neumühle, Welchenholz and Wörnitzhofen
  • Obermichelbach with Gelshofen, Gelsmühle, and Untermichelbach
  • Wittelshofen with grave mill.

The municipality of Wittelshofen had an area of ​​5,658 km² until the regional reform. In administration and jurisdiction, it was subordinate to the Dinkelsbühl regional court and the Dinkelsbühl rent office in the financial administration ( renamed the Dinkelsbühl tax office in 1919 , branch of the Ansbach tax office since 1973 ). The jurisdiction remained with the District Court of Dinkelsbühl until 1879, from 1879 to 1973 the District Court of Dinkelsbühl was responsible, which has been a branch of the District Court of Ansbach since 1973 . The administration was taken over by the newly created Dinkelsbühl district office in 1862 (renamed the Dinkelsbühl district in 1938 ). When the Dinkelsbühl district was dissolved in 1972, Wittelshofen came to the Ansbach district.

religion

In the predominantly Protestant town, the main service takes place every Sunday in St. Martin's Church, while the Catholic service takes place in the Holy Cross Church.

There was a Jewish community in Wittelshofen from the 17th century to 1938. In 1716 there were already 30 Jewish families living there. The highest number of Jewish residents was reached around 1809/10 with 282 people (approx. 40% of the total population of 689 people). After that, the number steadily decreased due to emigration and emigration (42 in 1910, 17 in 1933). A synagogue already existed in the 18th century; a new synagogue was inaugurated on December 1, 1843. It existed until it was destroyed in the November pogrom on November 10, 1938 . The Jewish families lived in particular from trading in cattle and goods. They owned several local shops until after 1933. At least 18 of the people born in Wittelshofen or who had lived here for a long time were murdered in concentration camps between 1941 and 1945.

Incorporations

Former
parish		 Residents
(1970)		 date annotation
Dühren - 1864 Renaming to Grüb
Grüb 076 July 1, 1972
Illenschwang 434 July 1, 1972 Incorporation of 253 of the 434 residents,
reclassification of the other residents to Wilburgstetten
Obermichelbach 185 May 1, 1978
Untermichelbach 260 July 1, 1972

Population development

Wittelshofen community

year 1818 1840 1852 1861 1867 1871 1875 1880 1885 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1919 1925 1933 1939 1946 1950 1961 1970 1987 2005 2011 2016
Residents 673 691 688 675 625 631 605 620 590 555 572 546 537 548 553 562 512 445 688 675 556 560 1261 1289 1260 1248
Houses 123 96 126 122 130 122 111 116 325 377 386
source

Wittelshofen municipality

year 001818 001840 001861 001871 001885 001900 001925 001950 001961 001970 001987
Residents 667 683 661 624 580 539 557 667 549 552 534
Houses 122 95 120 128 120 110 115 143
source

politics

Municipal council

After the last local election on March 16, 2014, the local council has twelve members. The choice brought the following result:

Voter group Illenschwang-Obermichelbach-Untermichelbach-Grüb 6 seats
Wittelshofen voter group 6 seats

There was no change in the distribution of seats compared to 2008. Another member and chairman of the municipal council is the mayor.

mayor

Mayor Hermann Reichert did not run for election on March 16, 2014 after 24 years in office. Werner Leibrich from the Wittelshofen electoral group received 51.98 percent of the valid votes, Günther Harich from the Illenschwang-Obermichelbach-Untermichelbach-Grüb-Dühren list received 48.02 percent.

badges and flags

The municipality of Wittelshofen has had a coat of arms since 1984.

Wittelshofen coat of arms
 Blazon : "Under the shield head quartered with silver and black, a silver heraldic lily in blue."

Blue-white-blue municipal flag

Reasons for the coat of arms: The lily was the coat of arms symbol of the Ansbach Gumbertstift . It appears on a court seal attested to in 1556 for Wittelshofen. The blue field color is a symbol for the confluence of the Sulzach and Wörnitz rivers. The Zollernvierung points to the former rule of the Margraves of Ansbach .

Culture and sights

Museums

  • The Römerpark Ruffenhofen is located between the Romantic Road and the Franconian Lake District . It is located between the municipalities of Gerolfingen, Wittelshofen and the market in Weiltingen. It is signposted from the state road Dinkelsbühl – Wassertrüdingen. The best way to get to the Römerpark is with your own means of transport.
  • Heinrich Zoller Local History Museum

Architectural monuments

  • St. Martin's Church in the old town center of Wittelshofen
  • Catholic Holy Cross Church on the edge of the settlement area
  • former fortified church in Illenschwang
  • Michaelskirche in Obermichelbach
  • St. Leonhard Church in Untermichelbach

In a picturesque side valley of the Sulzach is Dühren with the church of St. Michael . The little church contains frescoes from the 14th and 15th centuries, which were only discovered in 1985 and partially exposed.

The former margrave castle was destroyed in a fire in 1856.

The border wall of the Roman Empire, the Limes, runs through the municipality. Remnants of it can still be found at Dühren and the Gelsmühle.

Natural monuments

Wittelshofen is the starting point of the geological hiking trail that leads to the heights of the Hesselberg. At its beginning there is one of the few oil shale quarries in Germany that is repeatedly the target of geologists. At Sulzach and Wörnitz, lapwing and snipe are still breeding and the stork has one of his last retreats in Franconia on the old dairy chimney .

freetime and sports

  • Geological teaching and hiking trail on the Hesselberg

Economy and Infrastructure

The municipal area is mainly used for agriculture.

Wittelshofen is a member of the Romantic Franconian Tourist Association, Römperpark Ruffenhofen special purpose association and the Hesselberg Tourist Association.

In the community area there is a kindergarten and a primary school where grades 1–4 are taught. There are secondary schools in Wassertrüdingen, Dinkelsbühl, Gunzenhausen and Oettingen. All schools can be reached by public transport.

traffic

The highways A 6 and A 7 (exit Herrieden and exit Ansbach) are each about 28 km from Wittelshofen removed. The state road 2218 runs west to Illenschwang and Sinbronn over after Dinkelsbühl or east via Gerolfingen after Wassertrüdingen . The state road 2385 runs southwest through Ruffenhofen after Weiltingen . The district road AN 41 runs northwest to Untermichelbach . The AN 49 runs northeast to Ehingen to state road 2248 .

The next train stations are Gunzenhausen (31 km) and Ansbach (38 km). Local public transport is ensured by the transport association for the greater Nuremberg area .

Tourist routes

The community is on the German Limes Road and the long-distance hiking trail between the Alps and the Baltic Sea . In addition, the German Limes Cycle Route runs through the community. It follows the Upper German-Raetian Limes over 818 km from Bad Hönningen on the Rhine to Regensburg on the Danube . Wittelshofen is also on the Limesweg of the Franconian Alb Association , a section of the German Limes hiking trail .

societies

Personalities

  • Louis Lamm (1871–1943), Jewish publisher and antiquarian

literature

Web links

Commons : Wittelshofen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ^ Community Wittelshofen in the local database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on September 17, 2019.
  3. ↑ W.-A. v. Reitzenstein, p. 246 f.
  4. ↑ T. Neumeyer, p. 476f.
  5. ^ Johann Bernhard Fischer : Wittelshofen . In: Statistical and topographical description of the Burggraftum Nürnberg, below the mountain, or the Principality of Brandenburg-Anspach. Second part. Containing the economic, statistical and moral condition of these countries according to the fifteen upper offices . Benedict Friedrich Haueisen, Ansbach 1790, p. 386 ( digitized version ). (= JK Bundschuh, vol. 6, col. 271). According to this, there were only 75 subject families, of which 72 were Ansbachian.
  6. ↑ a b T. Neumeyer, p. 584f.
  7. ↑ T. Neumeyer, p. 533.
  8. ^ Address and statistical manual for the Rezatkreis in the Kingdom of Baiern . Buchdruckerei Chancellery, Ansbach 1820, p. 72 ( digitized version ).
  9. ↑ a b c Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 766 ( digitized version ).
  10. ↑ a b c d Wilhelm Volkert (Ed.): Handbook of the Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 448 .
  11. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 707 f .
  12. ↑ a b Only inhabited houses are given. In 1818 these were designated as fireplaces , in 1840 as houses , and from 1871 to 2016 as residential buildings.
  13. ↑ a b Alphabetical index of all the localities contained in the Rezatkreise according to its constitution by the newest organization: with indication of a. the tax districts, b. Judicial Districts, c. Rent offices in which they are located, then several other statistical notes . Ansbach 1818, p. 104 ( digitized version ). For the municipality of Wittelshofen plus the residents and buildings of Grabenmühle (p. 31).
  14. ^ A b Eduard Vetter (Ed.): Statistical handbook and address book of Middle Franconia in the Kingdom of Bavaria . Self-published, Ansbach 1846, p. 78 ( digitized version ). According to the historical municipality register , the municipality had 690 inhabitants.
  15. ^ A b c d e f g h i Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality directory: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria from 1840 to 1952 (=  contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB  451478568 , p. 168 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized ).
  16. ↑ a b Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 1003 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digitized version ).
  17. ↑ Kgl. Statistisches Bureau (Ed.): Directory of the municipalities of the Kingdom of Bavaria according to the status of the population in December 1867 . XXI. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Ackermann, Munich 1869, p. 156 ( digitized version ).
  18. ↑ a b Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1169 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized version ).
  19. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Community directory for the Kingdom of Bavaria. Manufactured due to the new organization of government districts, district offices and judicial districts. Addendum to issue 36 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1879, p. 61 ( digitized version ).
  20. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Community directory for the Kingdom of Bavaria. Results of the census of December 1, 1880. Issue 35 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1882, p. 175 ( digitized version ).
  21. ↑ a b K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to government districts, administrative districts, ... then with an alphabetical register of locations, including the property and the responsible administrative district for each location. LIV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1888, Section III, Sp. 1100-1101 ( digitized version ).
  22. ↑ a b K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1166 ( digitized version ).
  23. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Localities directory for the Free State of Bavaria according to the census of June 16, 1925 and the territorial status of January 1, 1928 . Issue 109 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1928, Section II, Sp. 1204 ( digitized version ).
  24. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria - edited on the basis of the census of September 13, 1950 . Issue 169 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1952, DNB  453660975 , Section II, Sp. 1041 ( digitized version ).
  25. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Official local directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB  740801384 , p. 172 ( digitized version ).
  26. ↑ a b Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 333 ( digitized version ).
  27. ↑ a b Wittelshofen: Official statistics of the LfStat
  28. ^ Entry on the coat of arms of Wittelshofen  in the database of the House of Bavarian History
  29. ↑ Wittelshofen. In: Kommunalflaggen.eu. Retrieved March 16, 2020 .