Lavarone

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lavarone
coat of arms
Lavarone (Italy)
Lavarone
Country Italy
region Trentino-South Tyrol
province Trento  (TN)
Coordinates 45 ° 56 '  N , 11 ° 17'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 56 '16 "  N , 11 ° 16' 32"  E
height 1100  m slm
surface 26.32 km²
Residents 1,176 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 45 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 38046
prefix 0464
ISTAT number 022102
Website www.comune.lavarone.tn.it
Place-name sign at the entrance of Gionghi, the municipal seat of Lavarone

Lavarone ( Cimbrian Lavròu , German Lafraun ) is an Italian municipality ( comune ) with 1176 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) on the plateau of the same name in the province of Trento . The name Lavarone is of (pre-) Romanesque origin and is probably derived from "làvara" ("flat stone", "slab of rock"). Lavarone is the administrative seat of the Magnifica Comunità degli Altipiani Cimbri valley community .

geography

Lavarone is located about 17 kilometers south-southeast of Trento at an altitude of about 1100  m slm. The municipality borders on the three Trentino municipalities of Caldonazzo , Folgaria and Lusern and to the south on the municipalities of Lastebasse and Pedemonte in the province of Vicenza . Lago di Lavarone, also used as a bathing lake, is located in the district of Chiesa in the municipality .

Administrative division

There is no place of the same name, rather the municipality consists of the 19 fractions Albertini, Azzolini, Bertoldi, Birti, Cappella, Chiesa, Gasperi, Gionghi (municipality seat), Lanzino, Lenzi, Longhi, Magrè, Masetti, Nicolussi, Oseli, Piccoli, Rocchetti , Slaghenaufi and Stengheli.

history

The first written mention comes from the year 1184; Pope Lucius III thus placed the property of the Bishop of Feltre under his protection.

Lavarone and Psychoanalysis

The community library in Gionghi is named after Sigmund Freud , who vacationed in Lavarone in 1904, 1906, 1907 and 1923 and went for walks around Lake Lavarone. In 1990 the Gradiva study center for applied psychoanalysis was founded in Gionghi , which organizes annual congresses under the motto "The Limits of Psychoanalysis".

First World War

The First World War marked a significant turning point in Lavarone's history, not only because the municipality fell to Italy after 1918, like the rest of Trentino , but because Lavarone was an immediate frontier area from 1915 to 1916 in particular.

Since Veneto was surrendered to Italy after the Third Italian War of Independence in 1866, Lavarone bordered directly on the Kingdom of Italy. The Austro-Hungarian General Staff under Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf built along this border in the municipality of Lavarone in the early 20th century, the Panzerwerk Gschwent , which is part of the group of works Folgaria and Lavarone was.

After Italy entered the war in 1915, the residents of Lavarone were deported to Braunau am Inn , among others, for security reasons, but also because the Austrian leadership feared treason .

Until the Austro-Hungarian South Tyrol offensive in May 1916, the border fortifications were under constant Italian artillery fire, but were able to withstand this despite severe damage. From April 1915 until his wounding in 1916, Luis Trenker was stationed at the Verle plant , as was the Austrian writer Fritz Weber . Most places were also badly damaged during the first year of the war . After the offensive, the municipality was in the rear of the front until the end of the war and served as a stage .

When the residents returned from their forced diaspora after the war , they found their homeland largely destroyed and devastated.

Population development

year 1921 1931 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Residents 1,664 1,558 1,468 1,478 1,178 1,151 1,092 1,084 1,087

Source: ISTAT

  • Piazza Italia - Chiesa district

  • Bertoldi district

  • Lavarone lake

  • Belvedere-Gschwendt plant

language

Lavarone was to the 20th century together with the neighboring municipality of Folgaria part of today only from the community Lusern existing Cimbrian language island in Trentino. It is assumed that the settlers came from the thirteen municipalities or rather from the seven municipalities that are closer and older in terms of settlement history on the plateau of Sleghe / Asiago. Today the German dialect has been completely replaced as a mother tongue by the Italian language. Numerous field names and local names still reveal the Cimbrian history of the places.

Cimbrian was spoken in Lavarone and Folgaria until the beginning of the 20th century, but during fascism (1922–1943) all Cimbrian traditions and the language in the public and private sectors were suppressed and forbidden as a result of the policies of Italianization by Mussolini and Ettore Tolomei .

Since the Lusern elementary school had to close in 2006 due to insufficient number of pupils, the Lusern children have attended the elementary school in Lavarone. The Cimbrian language is taught here as an optional subject: Many children from Lavarone and the neighboring villages also make use of this offer, although Cimbrian has died out here for decades.

economy

The community lives mainly from tourism. In winter the plateau is very suitable for cross-country skiing , in summer for hiking and mountain biking . Cheese production also plays a role in Lavarone ( Vézzena DOP ).

Community partnerships

Web links

Commons : Lavarone  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ^ Ernest Jones : The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud . (1953)
  3. ↑ Florian Kotanko on Braunauer Zeitgeschichte Tage - hrb.at ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive )