Peter-Paul number
Peter-Paul Zahl (born March 14, 1944 in Freiburg im Breisgau ; † January 24, 2011 in Port Antonio , Jamaica ) was a libertarian writer of the so-called '68 generation , most recently with German-Jamaican dual citizenship . From the end of the 1960s he became known in West Berlin as printer of the underground magazine Agit 883 and as a publisher and author of subcultural writings from the milieu of the radical left and thus came into the focus of state investigative authorities .
After he had seriously injured one of the officers pursuing him in an exchange of fire while fleeing from the police, he was imprisoned from 1972 to 1982. In 1976 the Düsseldorf Regional Court sentenced him to 15 years ' imprisonment for attempted two murders . During the prison years number intensified his literary work. After his imprisonment, he was temporarily involved in cultural policy for the left-wing revolutionary movements in Grenada and Nicaragua . From 1985 he lived mainly in Jamaica.
His work is shaped by the politicization of literature in West German post-war society . It includes poetry , prose and plays . He was honored in 1980 for the picaresque novel Die Glücklichen and in 1995 for the detective novel The Handsome Man .
Life
Childhood and youth
Peter-Paul Zahl was born in the penultimate year of the Second World War as the son of the secretary Hilde Zahl and the legal assessor Paul Zahl in Freiburg, Baden . His parents stayed there in 1944, when the father was able to receive medical care on site after a serious war injury and leg amputation. Towards the end of the war, the family with the one-year-old child moved back to their Mecklenburg hometown Feldberg , where the father founded the children's book publisher Peter-Paul in 1947 , named after his son. The company was successful and quickly developed into the second largest children's and youth book publisher in the GDR . However, as a privately run company, the publishing house opposed government economic planning ; In 1951, Paul Zahl did not receive a new license to continue operations. Due to further difficulties with government agencies, the Zahl family moved to West Germany in 1953 and settled first in Wülfrath and later in Ratingen in the Rhineland .
The family found it difficult to gain a foothold in the new environment, as the father remained unemployed and there were also problems with the payment of the war invalidity pension. About two decades later, Peter-Paul Zahl himself described the move to the West as the end of a “very beautiful and happy childhood”. He first attended high school in Velbert , then in Ratingen up to the secondary school leaving certificate and then completed an apprenticeship as a small offset printer in Düsseldorf from 1961 to 1964 , which he passed with the grade “very good” in the journeyman's examination. During his apprenticeship, he was considered “difficult” and “critical” to his superiors. He became politically active and joined the union pressure and paper , as well as the association of conscientious objectors in.
West Berlin 1964 to 1972
In 1964, Zahl moved his main residence to West Berlin in order to avoid compulsory military service , which was not implemented due to the Allied reservation rights for citizens in the western sectors of the city. He worked as a printer and attended evening school and literature lectures at the Free University of Berlin with the aim of becoming a writer. But after a short time he turned away from institutional education: “They don't teach you to write anyway. On the contrary, they just ruin your style and class consciousness. ”In 1965 he married his girlfriend Urte Wienen, who also came from Ratingen, where he used to live. The marriage resulted in a son born in 1969 and a daughter born in 1971. After their daughter was born, Zahl moved into a shared apartment . He was de-registered from the apartment he was sharing with his wife because he had repeatedly not been found in the marital household. The marriage ended in divorce in 1973.
At the end of 1965, Zahl supported an initiative by cabaret artist Wolfgang Neuss against the Vietnam War . Also in 1965, Zahl's first publications of prose texts and poems in magazines and on leaflets are dated. In 1966 he became a member of the literary Dortmund group 61 initiated by Max von der Grün , which sought to establish a connection between writers and industrial workers . His first novel was published by Karl Rauch Verlag in Düsseldorf in 1970, entitled Von one who went out to earn money, which received some public attention.
In 1965/66 he came into contact with the student movement , from which the extra-parliamentary opposition (APO) developed at that time. From 1966/67, after the formation of the grand coalition between CDU / CSU and SPD under Chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger and the discussion about the emergency laws , this became a socially relevant system opposition with revolutionary claims. Number supported the movement in its substantive principles, but protested against being attributed to student-dominated organizations such as the Socialist German Student Union (SDS). He saw himself as part of a proletarian youth, a mixture of "young workers, Kreuzberg bohemians , Bundeswehr refugees, young booksellers".
With financial support from his parents-in-law, Zahl and his wife founded the Zahl-Wienen printing company, including an affiliated small publishing house, on Urbanstrasse in Kreuzberg in 1967 . In addition to company printed matter and advertising orders, the company took on the printing of various writings and posters for the subcultural, political left scene . The publisher mainly published countercultural magazines, for example the second edition of pro these in 1967 . Magazine for imperfections by astrologer Hans Taeger, as well as council communist and anarchist texts, including Spartacus: magazine for readable literature (1967–1970) and the magazine pp-quadrat (1968–1970). The first pp-quadrat volume contained the brochure American fascism by Bernd Kramer , another the description of Günter Wallraff's self- experiment mescaline . The editions were often characterized by artistically designed collages , woodcuts and lithographs .
Zahl also wrote for the literary magazine Ulcus Molle Info and the satirical magazine Der Metzger . The supplement staple dwarf-school brought the publishing house from 1968 to 1970 a number out, should be made with the APO in the writings of revolutionary thought leaders for discussion. The reprint of Georg Büchner's Hessischer Landbote from 1834, whose appeal “ Peace to the huts! War the palaces! “The movement took over as a watchword.
From February 1969, the printing company produced the anarchist-libertarian magazine Agit 883 , which Zahl was involved in editing until 1971. This reflected the fragmentation of the APO after its high phase in 1967/1968 into different factions. In numerous articles she took up the controversial question of the transition from protest to armed resistance that arose in parts of the movement after the assassination attempt on Rudi Dutschke last year. When larger printing machines were purchased for the large-format newspaper - it was printed on DIN A2 plates - the company moved to more suitable rooms at Wederstraße 91 in Britz . In August 1969, after the number 25 was published, the premises were searched for the first time . The background to this was the depiction of the then Interior Senator Kurt Neubauer on the cover picture, which was interpreted as offensive by the authorities , with the words “Wanted for kidnapping”. This was followed by further searches based on criminal investigations against the Agit 883 , including texts against the Vietnam War in issue number 61 in May 1970, against which the commander of the American sector in Berlin had filed a criminal complaint. A criminal case opened against Zahl on this occasion ended with an acquittal , because as a printer it could not be proven that he knew the text.
After internal disputes in the editorial staff of the magazine, Zahl withdrew from Agit 883 in 1971 and founded the anarchist underground newspaper Fizz , which appeared in ten issues until 1972. The magazine campaigned for the establishment of an urban guerrilla and made references to subcultural American movements such as Black Power and Weather Underground . Fizz was considered the mouthpiece of the Berlin blues , especially the group of so-called hash rebels located in it . From the middle of which a substantial portion of recruited forcibly previous group Tupamaros West Berlin , which relied on the concept of urban guerrilla warfare and in the beginning of 1972 June 2 Movement opened.
As early as 1970, Zahl participated in a clandestine , covertly acting small organization, which is Up against the wall, Motherfuckers! and specialized in the forgery of passports with which GIs stationed in Berlin and unwilling to do military service could flee to Sweden .
In 1971 the authorities charged Zahl with publicly inciting criminal offenses and reopened a case against him. It was about a poster that had been designed by the later RAF member Holger Meins . It was entitled Freedom for All Prisoners! and had been confiscated from the print shop in May 1970. The depiction consisted of a sunflower stylized by an egg grenade and cartridge cases , the petals of which included the names of international guerrilla and liberation movements such as the " Viet Cong " in what was then South Vietnam , the Tupamaros in Uruguay and the Black Panther Party in the USA . On April 17, 1972, Zahl was sentenced to six months probation .
Detention from 1972 to 1982
Exchange of fire
In the further course of 1972, Zahl came under suspicion of having been involved in a bank robbery committed by the RAF in February of that year, but this could not be confirmed in retrospect. He was included in the manhunt and declared a "person wanted by the police". In the summer of the year he procured false papers and a firearm and went into hiding with friends or acquaintances. On December 14, 1972, he was stopped by two police officers when he was planning to rent a car in Düsseldorf . Zahl tried to flee and the officials followed him. This led to an exchange of fire, in which number one policeman was fatally injured by a shot in the chest. The fugitive finally surrendered and was arrested; he, too, had a gunshot wound in his upper arm. Reconstructions of the course of events , based on testimony and the cartridge cases found, showed that Zahl had fired at least three times, but probably four times, and the police officers fired at least nine times. Faced with the serious injury to the police officer after his arrest, Zahl said that he did not want to. In an article on the occasion of later efforts to resume the proceedings in February 1980, Der Spiegel concluded, based on the expert reconstruction of the course of events, that an intent to kill was doubtful after the external process and that Zahl's statement was credible.
Convictions
On May 24, 1974, Zahl was sentenced to four years imprisonment by the Düsseldorf Regional Court for continuing resistance to state power in unity with dangerous bodily harm . The court denied any intention to kill, also in the form of a conditional resolution, with the words: "The killing of human life is not in keeping with personality". After the public prosecutor's office had appealed, the 3rd criminal division of the Federal Court of Justice overturned the judgment in 1975 on the grounds that the first instance had “ misunderstood the legal concept of conditional intent ”. This exists "if the perpetrator consciously accepts that his action, which he does not want to forego under any circumstances, can bring about the harmful result he considers possible and not entirely remote". In addition, the Düsseldorf Regional Court had to explain in more detail "which circumstances could justify the defendant's expectations or justified hopes that he would only hurt his persecutors, but not kill them".
In a new trial before the Düsseldorf Regional Court on March 12, 1976, Zahl was sentenced to a total of 15 years imprisonment for attempted murder in two cases. The chamber followed the judgment of the Federal Court of Justice and considered it to be proven that the accused had "approved" the killing of the two police officers. He had "recognized beyond any doubt" that the shots he had fired "posed the possibility of fatal injuries" and had "approved" this in the event that he was hit. The characteristics of a murder according to § 211 StGB are to be seen in the fact that the accused tried to cover up the crimes of forgery of documents , illegal possession of weapons and dangerous bodily harm .
In his closing remarks, Zahl spoke of a “ fascization of West German society” and the “policing of politics”. After a detailed discussion that violence emanates from the state, he said, in response to a quote from Walter Benjamin , where capital, state and bureaucracy ruled, there could be no nonviolent agreement. Finally, he explained that anyone who was portrayed “as dangerous” as he would have to be physically destroyed “if he dares to continue fighting for life and human dignity, even in prison. If not through the chimney, then at least - 15 years. "With the second judgment, the court exhausted the maximum range of punishment for early imprisonment by imposing 15 years and justified this with the political background of Zahl that the accused was" by one profound hatred of our state ”.
The verdict sparked a public controversy, the writer himself described it as a "disposition surcharge of 11 years". In the weekly newspaper Die Zeit of February 11, 1977 Fritz J. Raddatz raised the question of why the chambers of the regional court were able to come to such different judgments. Even if he does not demand a license for "freaky people who shoot themselves free", one can still get the impression that "beyond the condemnation of an act, an attitude is also punished". Five months later the journalist Gerhard Mauz contradicted this with a publication in the news magazine Der Spiegel in July 1977; No special "terrorist spell" happened to Zahl, but he experienced what other criminals also had to experience: "He came across the legal concept of conditional intent."
The poem on behalf of the people , with which number processed his view of the condemnations in literary terms , was quoted many times in comments :
"On 24 May 1974
sentenced me
the national
[...]
to four years
' imprisonment
on 12 March 1976
condemning
me the national
[...]
In the same case
, fifteen years of
deprivation of liberty,
I think
that
the peoples should come to terms
with themselves
and let me
out. "
Serving the sentence
In the first years of his sentence, Zahl was subject to the conditions of solitary confinement , initially in the prison in Cologne-Ossendorf , from 1977 in the Werl prison , and at times also in the Bochum prison . He saw himself as a political prisoner and took part in some collective hunger strikes for better prison conditions, which were organized by RAF prisoners who were also held in various prisons at the time . He used the imprisonment for an extensive literary work, which he himself commented that it would ensure his survival. In 1974 a manuscript of a novel he had sent to a publisher from the prison was banned by a court order from transport because publication could endanger the security and order of the prison . There were public protests by the PEN Center Germany and the Association of German Writers . The text was published in 1979 under the editorship of the literary scholar Ralf Schnell in the volume Writing is a monological medium. Dialogues with and about Peter-Paul Zahl .
In February 1980 the Rudolf-Alexander-Schröder-Foundation awarded the imprisoned writer the literary prize of the city of Bremen for his novel Die Glücklichen . He was allowed to leave the prison on the occasion of the award ceremony and receive the award in person. The process was publicly discussed as a “cultural-political scandal”. In 1980, Zahl was transferred to the Tegel penal institution in Berlin . From 1981 onwards he was an outdoor worker and was able to use this status in 1981/1982 for a traineeship as a director at the Berlin Schaubühne . During this time he also wrote a play about Georg Elser , which was staged at the Schauspielhaus Bochum in the 1981/1982 season . He was able to attend the premiere on February 27, 1982 because he was given prison leave for this purpose .
In December 1982 Peter Paul Zahl was released from custody after serving two-thirds of the sentence. Previously, in November 1980, an application to resume the proceedings and in April 1981 a petition for clemency supported by Heinrich Böll , Ernesto Cardenal and other prominent cultural figures had been rejected.
Central America 1983 to 2011
After his release from prison, Peter-Paul Zahl held back with political activities in the Federal Republic. In an interview in the mid-1990s, he justified this with the daily newspaper (taz) by stating that otherwise he could have violated his probation conditions. As an outdoorsman, he had already experienced the squatter demos as an extremely exciting time, but also the militancy on the part of the police: “I gave Germany the opportunity to actively repent, but it did not pass the test. [...] I can't prove myself for five years if I take part, then I'll be back in jail at some point. "
Instead, he accepted a few invitations from abroad. He supported various neo-Marxist- oriented movements in Central America, such as the New Jewel Movement around Maurice Bishop on the southeastern Caribbean island state of Grenada and the FSLN in Nicaragua . Zahl accepted the request from Grenada's Ministry of Education to set up a theater, but was expelled from the country after the 1983 US invasion . In 1984 he participated in Italy at the Summer University Tuscany and spent some time on the Seychelles .
Following a recommendation from Ernesto Cardenal , who was Minister of Culture of Nicaragua at the time of the Nicaraguan Revolution between 1979 and 1987 , Zahl took over the training of actors and directors in a folk culture center in Bluefields on the Caribbean coast in 1985 . After seven months he gave up this job because, according to his own statements, he had problems with the racism and machism of the hardliners among the Sandinista . Despite these relatively disappointing experiences, Zahl remained attached to his preferred interpretation of a Caribbean lifestyle . He settled in Long Bay, Portland , Jamaica in 1985 . In an interview he stated that he appreciates the laziness in this country, “So to be a little easy going, Jamaica is the ideal country for that. The people here are anarchoid, that is, authority-hating and very anti-authoritarian and, associated with that, very strong-willed. "
In 1986 he married for the second time. His wife gave birth to a daughter in December of that year. The whereabouts of Zahl and his family changed several times between Long Bay and Ratingen in the Rhineland in the following years. In some author portraits it is stated that he has a total of nine children in five different countries, including three stepdaughters. On his regular visits to Germany, Zahl worked on theater productions and went on reading tours. He continued to publish prose and poetry, wrote plays for German theaters and emerged from 1994 as an author of detective novels .
In 1995, Peter-Paul Zahl in Jamaica was naturalized without requesting retention approval for German nationality must be obtained. This was automatically lost under German law. In September 2002 the German embassy in Kingston withdrew his passport . After an application for re- naturalization, the Federal Office of Administration in Cologne issued him a naturalization certificate on November 8, 2004; the Foreign Office handed him a passport in May 2005. Irrespective of this, the Berlin administrative court , before which Zahl had sued, ruled on April 19, 2006 that the loss of German citizenship did not occur in 1995, since Zahl was still domiciled in Germany at that time and therefore according to the "domestic clause" that was valid until 2000 no retention permit would have been required. Number continued to have Jamaican citizenship after his reintroduction .
Peter-Paul Zahl died at the age of 66 on January 24, 2011 in the Port Antonio hospital after receiving treatment for cancer in Jamaica and Germany the previous year .
Literary work
Peter-Paul Zahl's literary work includes poems , essays , novels , plays , but also social reports , appeals, articles and pamphlets . He was best known for his poems critical of the state and his novel Die Glücklichen. A picaresque novel he wrote while in prison and published in 1979. On the occasion of his 65th birthday in 2009 and even more so in numerous obituaries in 2011, the German media paid tribute to his oeuvre. It was described as deeply political but undogmatic, he was decried as a bad boy of the literary scene, said the editor Gabriele Dietze , because he did not fit into any cliché. His irony and especially self-irony as well as a "very pleasure-oriented relationship to his own text" are emphasized. With his prose , Peter-Paul Zahl “liked to explore the depths of good society and set monuments to the little lawbreakers”, noted the philologist Wolfgang Harms . He was not considered a political theorist or great thinker, but a clever and talented writer and good narrator. Many of his publications are "shrill, aggressive, almost unbearably placard-like [...] with pointed, wicked lances", as columnist Fritz J. Raddatz wrote back in 1977, but they express a " disappointment disguised as laconic , a shrug of futility".
Due to his biography and the origins of his work, Zahl was compared with François Villon , Blaise Cendrars and also Miguel de Cervantes , with the clear reference to the writing activities during imprisonment and imprisonment. The search for parallels to Erich Mühsam and Ernst Toller also seems politically obvious, with the Swallow Book written by Toller in prison in 1924 , which Peter-Paul Zahl's prison lyrics are not inferior to. In his writings, Zahl himself often referred to Georg Büchner and Walter Benjamin , and he had a particular admiration for Friedrich Hölderlin . In the mid-1970s, for example, he supported the initially controversial publication of the Frankfurt Hölderlin edition by D. E. Sattler with an open letter in the sheets for the Frankfurt edition No. 1 :
“Why do you close your ears? Why are you clogging your pores? - Why do you close your eyes? Why, damn it, do you defend yourself against tenderness and beauty and its derivatives in language [...]. Come, sisters and brothers, you have more time than you think, why don't you read Hölderlin, listen to what he has to say to us. It is worth."
Number has published primarily in underground press publishers , but also in renowned companies such as Rowohlt , Luchterhand and Wagenbach . But his “reputation as a political activist” covered his literary rank, and most recently “the established literary business increasingly avoided him”, wrote Jörg Sundermeier in 2011 in the taz .
Early work
The first publications by Peter-Paul Zahl to survive are two so-called Spartacus leaflet poems from 1966. They were designed as large-format wall notices and were used to post lyrical texts, here under the headings Professional Ethos and The Chimney Mason . Both found their way into the collection of contemporary historical documents in the German Historical Museum in Berlin. In 1968 he published the story Eleven Steps to One Action , and Polyphem-Verlag published the book with eleven lithographs by the artist Dora Elisabeth von Steiger as a limited and numbered hand press print .
In 1970, Zahl's first novel, Von einer Who Goes To Earn Money , is about a young man who cannot find work in a rural area and comes to West Berlin. In the city, personal and political circumstances frustrate him, he moves on “to the east” and is sent back from there as undesirable. The first work found its way into the literary criticism of the news magazine Der Spiegel , which emphasized that the literarily neglected topic of wage labor , contrary to the outdated concept of realism , can also be treated with newer stylistic devices. These are not just rhetorical; the book is designed with collages of photos, drawings and headlines in context . The final statement reads: "But this piece of agitation literature overwhelms the reader ..."
Number published further texts between 1968 and 1970, especially in the series of dwarf school supplement books that he published . The epilogue to issue No. 4, which contained the reprint of Georg Büchner's Hessischer Landbote from 1834, counts as Zahl's political statement. He sees the social revolutionary importance of Büchner's pamphlet as weighty as that of Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto , published in 1848 , and these "eloquent documents of German revolutionaries" are "glaring topicality" for the oppressed classes.
Literary work in prison
The imprisonment period from 1972 to 1982 was one of the most productive creative phases of Peter-Paul Zahl. He himself said: “I just wrote an insane amount in prison. In order to survive better, [...] translations, essays, the novel Die Glücklichen, an immense number of complaints, poems. "
The first editions published during this period were the novel Die Glücklichen and the play Johann Georg Elser. A German drama , several collections of essays and articles as well as five volumes of poetry and two volumes of prose. The writer Michael Buselmeier describes his poems as specific and explicit politics , which are an expression of the failure of the anti-authoritarian movement. Using a closed conceptual system as a worldview, he subordinates his poetry to political strategies. Correspondingly, resistance for number is not an existential-biographical experience, but collective resistance to which operative literature must appeal.
"It's time
to have four eyes
back to back
, it's better to fight back
because you have more courage"
From 1973 number wrote on the 1979 published work Die Glücklichen , it is laid out under the genre of the picaresque novel and is already named with the subtitle. There are also many points of reference to picaresque literature in style , the heroes of the story live in the milieu of a Kreuzberg crook family, the narrative perspective takes sides with a marginalized and socially underprivileged class imagined by numbers . At the same time, however, it is the portrayal of the departure of the 1968 movement , oriented towards a subjective reality , that is being crushed between state repression and the escalation of one's own political questions. So the debate about one's armed struggle in the underground a central question that protagonists criticize the RAF and the June 2 Movement as an insulating themselves "fighting vanguard ". The “Myth of the RAF” is countered by the subversive activities of the main characters who work in the neighborhood as “ subproletarian ” groups of anarchists, found a party against work and publish the magazine Der Glück Arbeitslose . This is as a 25-page typescript , designed by the comic artist Gerhard Seyfried , inserted between the ninth and tenth chapters, just like the entire novel is backed up with collages, newspaper clippings and drawings and broken up with various styles and factual texts. The story also lives from the tension between the fiction of a sensual, cosmopolitan collective of the subculture and the worldly situation of the author in solitary confinement.
In the 1980s, the novel became the cult book of a left-wing alternative scene that was shaped by the events of 1968 and "began to break away from the self-destructive actionism of the RAF". The statement of the radio editor Sabine Peter, who described it as a "text drug which, in all its wit, also showed decided anger at social conditions", is very concise. Thirty years after its publication, Die Glücklichen were classified as the work of a culture of remembrance. According to the literary scholar Jan Henschen, Peter-Paul Zahl “staged an origin myth that he tried to make history available to himself and his generation”.
Stage works
During the last two years of his stay in prison, Zahl wrote the play Johann Georg Elser , published in 1982 . A German drama . He took up the story of the carpenter Georg Elser (1903–1945), which until then had little public attention , who committed a bomb attack on Adolf Hitler in Munich's Bürgerbräukeller on November 8, 1939 and was murdered in the Dachau concentration camp shortly before the end of the war . With the stage work, a memorial was erected to the long-ignored resistance fighter . In addition, Zahl "took German fascism out of the exoticism of the 'completely different' and demonstrated its terrifying closeness and topicality". The play was staged in the 1981/1982 season at the Schauspielhaus Bochum by Claus Peymann and Hermann Beil and premiered on February 27, 1982 under the direction of Alfred Kirchner . The reviews emphasized both the importance of Elser and the background that this was worked out by the imprisoned writer. Der Spiegel wrote: “Number, who once certainly wanted to be a hero and martyr, portrayed a hero and martyr in his 'Elser'. He succeeded in doing his piece - despite all the political ballast. "
Zahl's later stage works neither received the attention nor the respect that the Elser play had received. With Fritz, a German Hero or No. 477 a staged number breaks out , a play for young people that premiered on February 12, 1988 under the direction of René Geiger at the Nationaltheater Mannheim . It is a representation of Friedrich Schiller's appropriation by politicians and Germanists of all epochs. The comedy Die Erpresser , published in 1990, wrote Zahl together with the Austrian songwriter Georg Danzer , who set the piece to music and wrote three of the lyrics. It was panned by the critics, here in the taz , as a "pubescent slapstick with ancient political jokes, man's jokes and pompous agit- prop monologists". Don Juan or the Savior of Women is also a comedy that number based on the motifs of Tirso de Molina . It was premiered on June 20, 1998 as part of the Heidenheimer Volksschauspiele .
Jamaican influence
In 1994, Zahl published his first detective novel , The Beautiful Man , which was awarded the Friedrich Glauser Prize a year later . The author created the figure of the Jamaican private detective Aubrey Fraser, called Ruffneck or Ruff , who is drawn as a fun-loving connoisseur and modeled on Dashiell Hammett . Five more titles with this protagonist followed by 2005. The series is described by the critics as an “excellent introduction to the island” that takes a look at the country and people, at history, the colonial past and social conditions. In addition to the plot, the "beautiful country with its people, the habits and peculiarities, the taste and smell of the local cuisine" is portrayed, but also its darker side, the entanglement of violence, politics and corruption is denounced.
In the children's book Ananzi ist schuld (Ananzi is guilty ), published in 1999, and the English-language collection of short stories Anancy Mek It , published in 2003, Zahl used the character Anancy , a spider with typical attributes of the trickster , who is anchored in Jamaican mythology . In addition, Zahl wrote a cookbook about Caribbean cuisine (1998) and a travel guide about his adopted home (2002).
With Der Domraub , Zahl published a second picaresque novel in 2002. The plot is laid out in Germany and is told by a Belgrade- born art thief in the role of the small, likeable crook who is persuaded by shady agents to steal the Cologne cathedral treasure . In the end, he is the scapegoat for other underworlders and state institutions who want to put him in prison together. The novel, according to the literary critic Maike Albath , is to be understood as a "satirical settlement with the Federal Republic of Germany's jurisprudence", but the author makes it far too easy for himself when he tries to create a hero with a few old-fashioned phrases and puns take action against the system.
reception
There was little reception of Peter-Paul Zahl's work during his lifetime. The arguments were usually overlaid with reflections on himself and controversies about his convictions. This polarization becomes clear in the obituaries. While Die Welt Kompakt described him as an anarcho-author and propagandist of left- wing terrorist groups in January 2011 , the Frankfurter Rundschau referred to the political prisoner who had been in prison for many years due to a judicial scandal .
As early as May 1976, the historian Golo Mann and the literary critic Marcel Reich-Ranicki had a dispute about the connection between person and work. Following the announcement of the controversial second judgment against Zahl, the FAZ had reprinted his poem through the authorities in the series of the Frankfurt anthology founded by Reich-Ranicki :
"You must have seen them
these faces under the shako
during the beatings
[...]
don't say: these pigs
say: who made them do it"
The publication was supplemented with a comment by the poet Erich Fried . Golo Mann asked in a letter dated May 26, 1976, "How could you spoil the so far so successful 'Frankfurter Anthologie' and bring the wretched stuff of that police murderer, together with the corresponding comment of Mr. Fried?" Reich-Ranicki's answer of 31 May 1976 read: "As for the poem of the policeman murderer, I think the sentence comes from Wilde , that the fact that someone does not pay his bill does not prove that he plays the violin badly."
Confrontation with the RAF
In an article with the title Literature and Terror from 2003, the journalist and writer Enno Stahl deals with the reception of the RAF in literature and states that the preoccupation with the subject continues from the “hurried atmosphere” of the 1970s had a stigma attached to it. One of the reasons is "the mythical exaggeration that was given to the real effectiveness and theoretical foundation of the RAF in the negative as in the positive". Peter-Paul Zahl's Die Glücklichen is one of the first novels to explicitly deal with the subject . As printer of Agit 883 and co-editor of Fizz , he was familiar with developments in “left-wing radical milieus, especially in Berlin, from his own experience”. The novel traces this process and in places aims at a confrontation with the RAF and the June 2nd Movement . The author approaches them with “an attitude of critical sympathy”, he does not fundamentally doubt the legitimacy of violence, but wants to see it emanate “from the people themselves”:
“The question is not: legal or illegal? It reads: is it mass, this counter-violence, does it correspond to the goal, is it legitimized by grassroots democracy? The insurrection , the insurrection, is not the social revolution . The concept of insurrection is a concept of political understanding; the classic period of political understanding is the French Revolution , Marx , Critical Marginal Glosses, the RAF's concept of revolution is a bourgeois one. "
This scratches the number of the "avant-garde of the revolutionary struggle", whose approach is not morally questionable, but politically wrong. With the demythization of the RAF, however, he is simultaneously constructing a new myth by placing the “ lumpen proletariat ” he imagined and the fun guerrilla on the good side of a black and white painted image of society.
The literary scholar Sandra Beck also analyzed in a study in 2008 the question of the literary processing of West German terrorism and takes Zahl's novel as an example of a text that was written under the direct impression of the German Autumn . In doing so, she points to the media stylization of the author as a “RAF liaison man” and “head of the June 2nd movement”, which began in the 1970s, and which led to his works “being received from the perspective of the 'terrorist writer' were ". Beck goes into the novel's detailed accounts of the political development of the radical left, the protagonists locate themselves in a shared past with the RAF and lead the discussion about the legitimacy of violence in direct confrontation with quoted, “publicly forbidden writings”. They reject terrorism because it practices the same unconditional violence as the system it is fighting, "so that creativity, autonomy and pleasure satisfaction are replaced by brutality, discipline and dogmatism". The literature opens up an aesthetic freedom in the fictional dialogue and makes it immediately clear that "this discursive examination of the terrorism of the RAF is only possible in the medium of fiction".
Prisoner literature
In 1977, Erich Fried founded a Peter-Paul Zahl initiative group that published documentation on the case and campaigned for the case to be reopened. When in 1979 a planned proseminar at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität in Münster about the imprisoned writer was banned by the management, Fried said at a protest against the ban:
"Of course, imprisonment alone does not turn a bad poem into an important literary work, but the deprivation of liberty as such must not make a poet unsuitable for a seminar."
In a subsequent lecture on prison literature, he stated that the literature that is created in prisons is in a "respectable tradition" internationally, with Fyodor Dostoevsky being the best-known example. The importance of the prisoner's literature lies in the reflection of social conditions. Texts - especially by those imprisoned for political reasons, and in this particular case the poetry of Peter-Paul Zahl - served not only as an attempt to survive, but also as a means of resisting institutional violence.
The poem Prisoner's Dream of Number is interpreted in this sense :
pack
your things and
you will
be dismissed immediately.
Your judge
has confessed
Prison lyrics offer the chance to learn something about the inner world of prisons, but at the same time there is the danger that the boundaries between right and wrong, judge and accused, “outside” and “inside” will become blurred.
The German language and literature professor Helmut H. Koch , stimulated by this discussion, took up the subject of "obviously explosive literature", founded the documentation center for prisoner literature at the Westphalian Wilhelms University in Münster in the early 1980s and was co-initiator of the Ingeborg-Drewitz Literature Prize for Prisoners . Koch sees prison literature as a necessary addition to established literature in order to make the reality of prisons, which is largely excluded from society, visible.
Work and idleness
In an essay published posthumously in 1980, Rudi Dutschke , one of the most prominent spokespersons for the APO , compared some aspects in the works of Vormärz literary writer Georg Büchner with those of Peter-Paul Zahl. He saw both of them as radical oppositional poets who would have created resisting literature . Zahl was seized by Büchner's existentialist understanding of resistance , which he had already developed at a young age. On the other hand, he described the early poetry of Zahl as an “existentialist spirit of resistance, essentially individualistic”. In the period after 1968, Zahl's importance lies in the role of the chronicler of the anti-authoritarian movement. His publications and even more his life story made it possible to relativize and concretise one's own history.
In addition to comparing the positions of both authors on revolutionary defeats and questions of love, their examination of work as a social category is a central element in Dutschke's essay. Buchner turn in his work often anticipatory against wage slavery ; the question should be asked whether Zahl's statements about happy unemployment are to be understood as preliminary stages of future working methods in the same sense. He quotes Büchner as an example:
“Our life is murder through work; we've been hanging around for sixty years and wriggling, but we'll cut ourselves off! "
Numbers incorporate this radical negation of work in general and wage labor in particular in his work. Already in the description of the work processes in the novel From One Who Set Out to Earn money , the alienated and oppressive process comes to the fore, and the language of Büchner's worker types is mentioned in it:
"... if you are lucky, you will be with you, but then you are probably too tired for that."
Dutschke stated, "In this novel a voice could be heard that did not correspond to the conventional name, which was promoted in a domination and class-conscious manner, of the 'student movement'".
Zahl's view of the refusal to work as a basic requirement for the release of human developmental needs becomes even clearer in his essay Idleness instead of / or work , which is in the best tradition of Büchner and Paul Lafargue's right to be lazy . Zahl tries to "tie" Lafargue and Bakunin with Marx and Engels , which has brought him the accusation of subjectivism from parts of the Marxist left . Dutschke reproaches them for not knowing the categories of lifetime and leisure time in Marx's work.
In the novel Die Glücklichen , number refers explicitly and in a central place to Büchner's understanding of work and idleness . He introduces the narrative of a revealing and free-spirited, pleasure-oriented life concept of the protagonists, who practice anarchic-libertarian socialism and oppose rigorous dogmatism, with the closing words from the comedy Leonce and Lena :
“We're having all clocks smashed, all calendars forbidden, and counting hours and moons only according to the flower clock, only according to blossom and fruit. [...] and a decree is issued that whoever creates callouses is placed under curate; that whoever works sick is criminally punishable; that anyone who boasts of eating his bread by the sweat of his brow is declared insane and dangerous to human society. "
Dutschke remarked on this quote that Büchner was fundamentally going beyond petty-bourgeois thinking in the Marxist sense. The literary scholar Sandra Beck takes up the comparison and explains that number thereby opens up an intertextual memory space and that the alternative described is located in a fairy tale world, very much in line with the tradition of Büchner's fairytale game. The failure is anticipated, since the protagonists are not released from time, but are in a conflict-ridden relationship with the outside world. This " undermines the specific ideal in recourse to Büchner's Der Hessische Landbote ".
Musical reception
In October 1978 musicians from the Viennese band Butterflies and the Hamburg political rock group Oktober set texts from Zahl's poetry book Alle Doors , published in 1977, and recorded an LP . In addition to six songs, the flamenco guitarist Miguel Iven recorded the twenty-minute piece Ninguneo , a text with music about the murder of the poet Federico García Lorca . Participating musicians included Kalla Wefel , Andreas Hage , Beatrix Neundlinger , Ali Husseini and Willi Resetarits .
In 1980 the Hamburg musician Achim Reichel processed, among other things, Zahl's poem Bessie comes on his album Ungeschminkt . The composers Holger Münzer and Heiner Goebbels also know settings of texts by Zahl .
Work overview
Volumes of poetry and short stories
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Novels and plays
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Detective novels from the Fraser series
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More prose
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Translations
- Victor Serge : Birth of our power (original title: Naissance de notre force ), Trikont, Munich 1976, ISBN 3-920385-93-4 .
- Otto René Castillo : Even under the bitterness , poems (original title: Aun bajo la amargura co-translator: Reinhard Thoma), Guatemala Information Center, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-923872-00-3 (Contains: Only the lovers are consistent ).
- Ramón José Sender : Seven red Sundays (original title: Siete Domingos rojos ), Rotpunkt, Zurich 1991, ISBN 3-85869-063-5 .
Prizes and awards
- 1980: Literature Prize of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen
- 1995: Friedrich Glauser Prize of the “authors' group of German-language crime literature” - The Syndicate
- 1998: Scholarship from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia
The building of the German Department , which was occupied during a lecture strike at the Free University of Berlin in the 1976/77 winter semester, was temporarily renamed the Peter Paul Zahl Institute as part of this action . In the years that followed, the Political Science Forum at the Peter Paul Zahl Institute and the KSV Cell at the Peter Paul Zahl Institute at the Free University of Berlin published a number of writings under this name , so that the name has survived.
literature
- Sandra Beck: Speeches to the living and the dead. Memories of the Red Army faction in contemporary German-language literature . Mannheimer Studien zur Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaft, Röhrig Universitätsverlag, St. Ingbert 2008, ISBN 978-3-86110-443-8 , pp. 35–51; can be viewed in the Google book search
- Gretchen Dutschke (Ed.): Courage and Wut: Rudi Dutschke and Peter Paul Zahl; Exchange of letters 1978/79 . Verlag M - Stadtmuseum Berlin, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-939254-01-0 .
- Rudi Dutschke: Georg Büchner and Peter-Paul Zahl, or: Resistance in transition and in the middle. In: Georg Büchner Jahrbuch , 4/84, Walter de Gruyter Verlag, Berlin 1984, pp. 9–75.
- Erich Fried, Helga M. Novak, Initiative Group PP Zahl (eds.): Using the example of Peter-Paul Zahl. Socialist delivery from a publisher, Frankfurt 1976.
- Erich Fried: From someone who is not relevant: about the risk of dealing with the literature of PP Zahl. In: Manfred Belting (ed.): Series of contemporary historical documentation. 2nd year, issue 8/9, SZD Verlag, Münster 1979.
- Initiative group PP Zahl: The Peter-Paul Zahl case. Reports and Documents in 3 languages. New Critique Publishing House, Frankfurt am Main 1978.
- Tobias Lachmann: Peter-Paul Zahl - A political writing scene . In: Ute Gerhard, Hanneliese Palm (ed.): Writing work on the margins of literature. The Dortmund Group 61 . Essen 2012, pp. 43–88.
Web links
- Literature by and about Peter-Paul Zahl in the catalog of the German National Library
- Stock overview Peter-Paul Zahl. german literature archive marbach
- Article about an event with Peter-Paul Zahl in 2002. Kreuzberger Chronik
- Peter-Paul Zahl archive of the Spiegel Group
- Private websites about Peter-Paul Zahl's loss of German citizenship
Individual evidence
- ^ The Peter-Paul-Verlag in Feldberg - a bibliography , Mecklenburg-Strelitz Blog , May 28, 2011
- ↑ Christoph Links : The disappeared publishers of the Soviet Zone / GDR: Interim report on a research project . In: Björn Biester, Carsten Wurm (Ed.): 2016. Archive for the history of books , Volume 71, pp. 235–260. doi: 10.1515 / 9783110462227-009 , pirckheimer-gesellschaft.org (PDF)
- ^ Peter-Paul Zahl: CV of a non-person. In: Erich Fried, Helga M. Novak: Using the example of Peter-Paul Zahl. A documentation. 3. Edition. 1978, pp. 15-48, here p. 27
- ^ Judgment of the Düsseldorf Regional Court of March 12, 1976, printed in: Erich Fried, Helga M. Novak: Am example Peter-Paul Zahl. A documentation. Pp. 86-101, here p. 87
- ↑ Peter-Paul Zahl in a letter to Rudi Dutschke from March 24th and 25th, 1978, quoted from: Rudi Dutschke: Georg Büchner and Peter-Paul Zahl, or: Resistance in transition and in the middle. In: Georg Büchner Yearbook. Berlin 1984, p. 37
- ^ Gregor Dotzauer : Peter-Paul Zahl: The system is the error. In: Tagesspiegel from January 25, 2011, accessed on March 9, 2012.
- ↑ Rudi Dutschke: Georg Büchner and Peter-Paul Zahl, or: Resistance in transition and in the middle. P. 39
- ↑ Spartacus: magazine for readable literature - 011172142 - catalog entry of the German National Library
- ↑ pp-quadrat - catalog of the German National Library; Retrieved March 9, 2012
- ↑ dwarf-school supplement folders - 458748331 - catalog entry of the German National Library
- ^ Peter-Paul Zahl: CV of a non-person. In: Erich Fried, Helga M. Novak: Using the example of Peter-Paul Zahl. A documentation. P. 37
- ↑ Fizz. The short summer of printed anarchy - or the need for clandestine newspapers. at haschrebellen.de, accessed on March 24, 2012
- ^ Illustration of the poster designed by Holger Meins in late April 1970 and published in early May on palestineposterproject.org, accessed on May 28, 2012
- ^ Heinrich Hannover : The republic in front of the court. 1954-1974. Memories of an uncomfortable lawyer. Structure of the Taschenbuch Verlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-7466-7031-4 , p. 410
- ^ Heinrich Hannover: The republic in front of the court. 1954-1974. Memories of an uncomfortable lawyer. Berlin 2000, p. 411
- ↑ a b Don't regret . In: Der Spiegel . No. 7 , 1980, pp. 80-82 ( online ).
- ^ A b Heinrich Hannover: The Republic in front of the court. 1954-1974. Memories of an uncomfortable lawyer. Berlin 2000, p. 412
- ↑ a b Gerhard Mauz : I didn't want to flee at any price . In: Der Spiegel . No. 24 , 1977, pp. 99-103 ( online ).
- ^ Judgment of the Federal Court of Justice of July 29, 1975 (3 STR 119/75), printed in: Erich Fried, Helga M. Novak: On the example of Peter-Paul Zahl. A documentation. Pp. 81–85, here p. 83
- ^ Judgment of the Düsseldorf Regional Court of March 12, 1976, printed in: Erich Fried , Helga M. Novak: Am example Peter-Paul Zahl. A documentation. Pp. 86-101, here p. 96.
- ^ Peter-Paul Zahl: Criminal Law or Conciliation Justice. Closing remarks in court, Düsseldorf March 12, 1976, printed in: Erich Fried, Helga M. Novak: On the example of Peter-Paul Zahl. A documentation. Pp. 103–121, here p. 117.
- ^ Judgment of the Düsseldorf Regional Court of March 12, 1976, printed in: Erich Fried, Helga M. Novak: Am example Peter-Paul Zahl. A documentation. P. 100.
- ↑ a b c Fritz J. Raddatz: Thinking about Peter-Paul number. From the questionability of the judiciary. In: Die Zeit vom February 10, 1977, accessed on March 31, 2012
- ↑ Peter-Paul Zahl: On behalf of the people. In: Erich Fried, Helga M. Novak: Using the example of Peter-Paul Zahl. A documentation. P. 165 f.
- ↑ Vomit words . In: Die Zeit , No. 34/1978
- ^ Order of the Düsseldorf Regional Court of August 21, 1974, printed in: Erich Fried, Helga M. Novak: Am example Peter-Paul Zahl. A documentation. P. 149
- ↑ Fools from the cell . In: Der Spiegel . No. 7 , 1980, pp. 197-198 ( online ).
- ^ Peter-Paul Zahl: Johann Georg Elser. A German drama . In: Schauspielhaus Bochum (ed.): Program book . No. 31 . Schauspielhaus Bochum, Bochum 1982.
- ↑ a b Thomas Pampuch: The half-Jamaican. In: taz , January 25, 2011, accessed April 3, 2012
- ↑ http://www.inkrit.de/argument/archiv/DA151.pdf (link not available)
- ^ Ernst Volland: Peter Paul Zahl , interview spring 1994, published on blogs.taz.de on January 27, 2011 , accessed on March 27, 2012.
- ^ Author Peter-Paul Zahl , on the website of the CH Beck publishing house, accessed on March 27, 2012
- ↑ Loss of German citizenship ( memento from March 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), Federal Government Commissioner for Migration, Refugees and Integration
- ↑ Michael Sontheimer : The anarchist's passport. Spiegel Online , May 5, 2004; Retrieved March 27, 2012
- ↑ Otto Diederichs: Peter Paul number again German. In: taz of April 24, 2006, accessed on March 27, 2012
- ^ A b Jörg Sundermeier: Writer Peter-Paul Zahl died: Not a hero of the establishment. In: taz , January 25, 2011, accessed on March 29, 2012
- ↑ a b Gabriele Dietze: The Bad Boy of the German Literature Scene. Writer Peter-Paul Zahl is dead. Deutschlandradio culture, interview; accessed on March 31, 2012
- ^ A b Wolfgang Harms: Anti-authoritarian dropout. Author Peter-Paul Zahl turns 65 - a portrait. In: The Berlin literary criticism. March 12, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2012
- ^ A b Hans W. Korfmann: Peter-Paul Zahl, author. In: Kreuzberger Chronik. 2002, accessed March 16, 2012
- ↑ Ernst Toller: The Swallow Book
- ^ Funding company for the Frankfurt Hölderlin edition (ed.): Le Pauvre Holterling: sheets for the Frankfurt edition no.1. Verlag Roter Stern, Frankfurt 1976
- ^ DHM dataset: Peter Paul Zahl: Professional ethos and DHM dataset: Peter Paul Zahl: Der Schornsteinmaurer , accessed on March 16, 2012
- ↑ Political clue. Peter-Paul Zahl: "From someone who set out to earn money" . In: Der Spiegel . No. 53 , 1970, pp. 84-85 ( online ).
- ↑ Peter-Paul Zahl: Afterword to Georg Büchner. The Hessian country messenger . In: dwarf school supplement booklet , No. 4, 1968, quoted from: Dietmar Goltschnigg (Ed.): Georg Büchner und die Moderne . Texts, analyzes, commentary; Volume II: 1945-1980 . Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 978-3-503-06106-8 , p. 12 f.
- ↑ Michael Buselmeier: Comments on Peter-Paul Zahl: "Vaccination". In: Erich Fried, Helga M. Novak: Using the example of Peter-Paul Zahl. A documentation. P. 175 f.
- ↑ from: Peter-Paul Zahl: vaccination. In: Erich Fried, Helga M. Novak: Using the example of Peter-Paul Zahl. A documentation. P. 176
- ↑ a b c Enno Stahl: Literature and Terror. RAF reception in novels from the past 25 years. September 2003, accessed March 30, 2012
- ↑ Sandra Beck: Speeches to the living and the dead. Memories of the Red Army faction in contemporary German-language literature . Mannheim Studies in Literary and Cultural Studies, p. 40
- ↑ a b Harry Nutt: Freedom and happiness as a signature. In: Frankfurter Rundschau of January 26, 2011, accessed on March 31, 2012
- ↑ Sabine Peters: A picaresque left novel. In: Deutschlandfunk from June 16, 2010, accessed on March 16, 2012
- ↑ Christine Axer: Left alternative milieu and new social movements in the 1970s. Academy conference for young scientists. Heidelberg University, September 2009, H-Soz-u-Kult, accessed on March 31, 2012
- ↑ Georg Elser discovered the theater . ( Memento of June 3, 2012 in the Internet Archive ; PDF; 51 kB) Website of the Georg Elser Working Group Heidenheim; Retrieved January 18, 2013
- ↑ The bomb maker . In: Der Spiegel . No. 9 , 1982, pp. 227-229 ( online ).
- ↑ Fritz, a German Hero or No. 477 breaks out. ( Memento of October 29, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), entry in the catalog of works of the Association of German Stage and Media Publishers, theatertexte.de , March 27, 2001
- ↑ Martin Halter: Terror in Duckburg. World premiere of Peter-Paul Zahl's “Die Blackmailer”. In: taz of December 5, 1990
- ^ Jörg Witta: Unhealthy search for talent. In: Berlin bookmarks. Edition Luisenstadt, May 1997 edition, accessed on March 30, 2012
- ↑ Maike Albath: Joke come out. Peter-Paul Zahl steals the Cologne Cathedral treasure. In: Die Süddeutsche , July 22, 2002, buecher.de , accessed on March 29, 2012
- ↑ Anarcho-author Peter-Paul Zahl died. In: Welt Online of January 26, 2011, accessed on March 29, 2012
- ↑ Peter-Paul Zahl: medium of authority. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of May 22, 1976
- ↑ Marcel Reich-Ranicki, Golo Mann: Enthusiasten der Literatur. An exchange of letters. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2000, ISBN 3-10-062813-6 .
- ↑ Peter-Paul Zahl: The lucky ones. Picaresque novel. Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, Reinbek 1986, ISBN 3-499-15683-0 , p. 365.
- ↑ Sandra Beck: Speeches to the living and the dead. Memories of the Red Army faction in contemporary German-language literature . Mannheim Studies in Literary and Cultural Studies, p. 37.
- ↑ a b Sandra Beck: Speeches to the living and the dead. Memories of the Red Army faction in contemporary German-language literature . Mannheim Studies in Literary and Cultural Studies, p. 46.
- ↑ Initiative group PP Zahl (Frankfurt am Main) Archives. from the website of the International Institute of Social History, accessed March 25, 2012
- ↑ Erich Fried, quoted in: Haft-Schaden . In: Die Zeit , No. 42/1979
- ↑ Erich Fried: From someone who is not relevant: About the risk of dealing with the literature PP Zahls , speech from January 12, 1979. In: Manfred Belting (Ed.): Series of contemporary history documentation. Munster 1979.
- ^ Peter Paul Zahl: Prisoner's Dream. In: All doors open. Berlin 1977
- ^ Nicola Kessler: The Ingeborg Drewitz Literature Prize for Prisoners. In: Barbara Becker-Cantarino, Inge Stephan (Hrsg.): “From the indestructible man”. Ingeborg Drewitz in the literary and political field of the 50s to 80s. Bern 2005, ISBN 3-03910-429-2 , p. 130; can be viewed in the Google book search
- ↑ Documentation Center for Prisoners' Literature - prison literature ( Memento from December 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on March 31, 2012
- ↑ Helmut H. Koch: Writing and reading in social and psychological crisis situations - an approximation. In: Johannes Berning, Nicola Keßler, Helmut H. Koch: Writing in the context of school, university, work and everyday life. Berlin and Münster 2006, ISBN 3-8258-9260-3 , pp. 128-135; can be viewed in the Google book search
- ↑ Rudi Dutschke: Georg Büchner and Peter-Paul Zahl, or: Resistance in transition and in the middle. P. 11.
- ↑ Rudi Dutschke: Georg Büchner and Peter-Paul Zahl, or: Resistance in transition and in the middle. P. 38.
- ↑ Rudi Dutschke: Georg Büchner and Peter-Paul Zahl, or: Resistance in transition and in the middle. P. 40.
- ↑ Georg Büchner, quoted here from: Rudi Dutschke: Georg Büchner and Peter-Paul Zahl, or: Resistance in transition and in the middle. P. 51.
- ↑ Peter-Paul Zahl: From one who went out to earn money , Düsseldorf 1970, p. 50, quoted here from: Rudi Dutschke: Georg Büchner and Peter-Paul Zahl, or: Resistance in transition and in the middle. P. 54.
- ↑ Rudi Dutschke: Georg Büchner and Peter-Paul Zahl, or: Resistance in transition and in the middle. P. 54.
- ↑ Sandra Beck: Speeches to the living and the dead. Memories of the Red Army faction in contemporary German-language literature . Mannheim Studies in Literary and Cultural Studies, p. 42.
- ↑ Georg Büchner: Leonce and Lena , quoted here from: Peter-Paul Zahl: Die Glücklichen. Picaresque novel. Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, p. 153.
- ↑ Rudi Dutschke: Georg Büchner and Peter-Paul Zahl, or: Resistance in transition and in the middle. P. 52.
- ↑ Sandra Beck: Speeches to the living and the dead. Memories of the Red Army faction in contemporary German-language literature . Mannheim Studies in Literary and Cultural Studies, p. 44.
- ↑ Zero G Sound: All doors open. March 24, 2011, accessed May 21, 2019
- ↑ Political Science Forum at the Peter Paul Zahl Institute (ed.): Kernbeisser . Self-published, Berlin 1978–1981 or KSV-cell at the Peter-Paul-Zahl-Institut Freie Universität Berlin (ed.): Where are German studies going? ( Explosive sentences No. 2, May 1978).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Number, Peter-Paul |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Zahl, Peter-Paul Gerhard Heinz (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German-Jamaican writer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 14, 1944 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Freiburg in Breisgau |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 24, 2011 |
| Place of death | Port Antonio , Jamaica |