Saint-Martin-de-Londres
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Saint-Martin-de-Londres Sant Martin de Londras |
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| region | Occitania | |
| Department | Herault | |
| Arrondissement | Lodève | |
| Canton | Lodève | |
| Community association | Grand Pic Saint Loup | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 48 ' N , 3 ° 44' E | |
| height | 91-488 m | |
| surface | 38.20 km 2 | |
| Residents | 2,755 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 72 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 34380 | |
| INSEE code | 34274 | |
 Saint-Martin-de-Londres - Église Saint-Martin |
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Saint-Martin-de-Londres ( Occitan : Sant Martin de Londras ) is a place and a municipality with 2,755 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the southern French department of Hérault in the Occitanie region .
Location and climate
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The municipality of Saint-Martin-de-Londres lies in the plain called Plaine des Londres on the southern edge of the foothills of the Cevennes at an altitude of about 200 m ; it belongs to the old cultural landscape of Languedoc . The city of Montpellier is about 27 km (driving distance) in a south-easterly direction; the city of Nîmes is about 65 km to the east and the former Benedictine monastery of Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert is about 26 km to the southwest. The surrounding landscape is dominated by the 658 m high limestone massif of the Pic Saint-Loup and the 528 m high rock plateau of the Montagne de l'Hortus . The climate is temperate to warm; Rain (approx. 735 mm / year) falls throughout the year with the exception of the summer months.
Population development
| year | 1800 | 1851 | 1901 | 1954 | 1975 | 1999 | 2017 |
| Residents | 657 | 1192 | 866 | 619 | 720 | 1894 | 2755 |
As a result of the phylloxera crisis in viticulture and the increasing mechanization of agriculture , the population fell continuously in the 20th century to the lows of the 1940s to 1960s. Due to the proximity to the city of Montpellier and the significantly lower property prices in the countryside, a significant increase in population has been recorded again in recent decades.
economy
For centuries, the inhabitants of the community lived on agriculture as a self-sufficient source (grain, wine, vegetables, cheese); only the city of Montpellier came into question as a market place for cheese products , salted meat, etc. because of its short distance . Viticulture is still important, but tourism has played an increasingly important role in the municipality's economic life since the 1960s.
history
In the Montagne de l'Hortus traces of the Neanderthal man were discovered and other small prehistoric finds were made. There are no finds from the time of the megalithic cultures or from Roman and Visigothic times. In 1088 the existing parish was transferred to the Benedictine monastery of Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert , which shortly thereafter built a priory church here. Between the priory and the local landlord family, the Seigneurs de Montarnaud , disputes arose in the course of the 12th century, which culminated in the construction of a wall by which the priory was separated from the town; in 1250 the landlord family finally sold their share of the property to the abbey. During the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) and the Huguenot Wars (1562–1598), the priory and site - in contrast to the mother monastery of Saint-Guilhem - were too far away and were thus spared from looting and destruction. During the French Revolution , all church property was nationalized; the priory was dissolved, but the former priory church remained as the parish church of the village.
Attractions
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- Today's parish church ( Église Saint-Martin ) comes - apart from a non-illuminating lantern attachment above the dome and the western yoke of the nave including the facade - the time around 1100. The cloverleaf-shaped design of the eastern parts is particularly striking and rarely found in southern France ( Apse and transept arms ) in the form of a three-corner choir , although the middle apse is extended to the east by a fore choir yoke and has windows with set columns and primitive-looking capitals . All three apses are of the same height and architecturally designed in the same way with pilaster strips , arched friezes and serrated ornaments below the eaves . An octagonal tambour with an east window rises above the crossing . Above the lintel of the multi-stepped but largely unadorned south portal is a rider figure of St. Martin . The single nave interior is barrel vaulted ; the capitals of the wall templates ( half columns ) have no decoration. The crossing is from one to Pendentifs dormant dome spans and partially durchfensterten blind arcades Ground surrounded apse shows the usual hemispherical Kalottenwölbung , which is also reflected in the total bit easier designed Querhausapsiden. The church was recognized as a monument historique in 1900 .
- In front of the church there is an early Baroque calvary cross from 1642 with a crucifix on one side and a praying figure of Mary on the other, which is also recognized as a monument historique .
Apse window
South portal
Equestrian figure of St. Martin
Tour de l'horloge
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- The Tour de l'horloge is a round tower of the medieval fortifications (remparts) , to which a clock and a pointed helmet with a storm bell were later added.
- Several houses in the old town center date from the 17th century and are made of broken stone; the plaster applied later was removed during restoration work in the second half of the 20th century. One is recognized as a monument historique .
literature
- Collective of authors: Saint-Martin-de-Londres - Église, villages et garrigues du vallon de Londres. Édition Foyer Rural Saint-Martin-de-Londres, 2007.
Web links
- Saint-Martin-de-Londres, Viticulture - Info (French)
- Saint-Martin-de-Londres, town and church - photos + information (French)
- Saint-Martin-de-Londres - photo + various information (French)
- Saint-Martin-de-Londres, church - panoramic photos + information
Individual evidence
- ↑ Saint-Martin-de-Londres - Climate tables
- ↑ Saint-Martin-de-Londres - History and Places of Interest
- ↑ Église Saint-Martin, Saint-Martin-de-Londres in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ↑ Croix en pierre, Saint-Martin-de-Londres in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ^ Immeuble, Saint-Martin-de-Londres in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)