Hofloessnitz

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Center: The Hoflößnitz; Manor complex from the Bismarck tower (bottom left is the large building of the former winery school of the state winery )
Hoflößnitz and Weingarten Schlossberg , behind the Elbe valley and the Elbe heights on the left: View from Eggersweg below the Bismarck Tower
The mountain and pleasure house, also romanticizing Hoflößnitz Castle

The Hoflößnitz is the municipal winery in Radebeul ( Oberlößnitz district ) on the Saxon Wine Route .

In the electoral and royal Saxon times, the estate, as a country estate of the Saxon line of the Wettins , was the center of the Saxon courtly vineyard property for almost 500 years. Today it has been expanded into the Saxon Wine Museum Hoflößnitz with a sales point and its own wine bar. The winery belongs to the large Lößnitz location, single location Goldener Wagen .

The Hoflößnitz with mountain and Lusthaus, press house, Kavaliershaus, wine press, Spitzhaus Steps and the right and left adjacent wine country including on the edge of the slope visible from afar Bismarck tower and next to it Spitz house as a historic preservation material entity ( Ensemble protection ) under monument protection . In addition, the entire open and green area, including the surrounding vineyard landscape with the Goldener Wagen vineyard, is a work of landscaping and garden design within the historic vineyard landscape of Radebeul . The Hoflößnitz also includes the winegrower's house with an attached bakery , which is located below and to the right of the staircase or the gate, and the former wooden courtyard on the left to the Grund , also with a winegrower's house .

The main house of the winery is described in detail in Berg- und Lusthaus Hoflößnitz . The 80 bird oil paintings on the ceiling of the ballroom there by the Dutch painter Albert Eckhout are included in the list of bird paintings by Albert Eckhout in Hoflößnitz .

Definition

The information presented here presents the Hoflößnitz in three ways: as a historical location, as a modern urban facility and as a Saxon cultural monument.

Even if the romantic name of a castle became established at the time of historicism , the Hoflößnitz was actually a winery, albeit an electoral or royal one. The Berg- und Lusthaus , i.e. the Weinbergsschlösschen , was not so much a country estate as a permanent residence of a noble landowner than a pleasure house for the elector when he celebrated his wine festivals on the Hoflößnitz or stopped there on the way to hunt. The historically so named Kavalierhaus was as a mountain manager's house the actual administrative center of the daily work of one of the two mountain administrators responsible for the whole of Saxon viticulture, who was subordinate to a mountain bailiff as well as chief winemakers and winemakers with all their assistants. The Bergvogt lived in the wooden yard below.

designation

Southern representation in Oeder 1607, panel IX, detail Lößnitz

The name, probably derived from the Old Sorbian lěsnica (forest stream), referred to the 6.7 kilometer long Lößnitzbach just west of the later Hoflößnitz. This flows through the mountain gorge known today as Lößnitzgrund , which separated the vineyard corridor north of the Angers von Kötzschenbroda, mentioned in 1271 as Kötzschbergisches Weingebirge in the west from the vineyards of the villages Serkowitz and Alt-Radebeul to the east . In 1286, the Lezenitzberg vineyard belonging to Kötzschenbroda was mentioned for the first time in a loan document from the Meißner bishop for the Dresden Maternihospital .

In the first Saxon land survey the surveyor called Matthias Oeder 1607 the vineyards around the Lezenitzberg "The vineyards in the Lösnitz". The term later applied to the entire vineyard corridor, within which the electoral Hoflößnitz was above Serkowitz, which Christian Gerber mentioned in 1717:

“The Lößnitz is a certain line, because there are all high mountains that carry delicious wine, and because the electoral mountains are also there, this area is called the Hoffe-Lößnitz. And this loessnitz wine is also the best in the whole of the country, which is preferable to Franconian wine in good wine years, but is to be respected immediately to Rhine wine. "

Hoflößnitz as a historical place

With the takeover of three parts of the vineyard and a wine press in 1401, the ruling Wettins established the center of Saxon court viticulture there. Winegrowers lived with their unskilled workers and their families on the vineyards belonging to the estate. The electoral winery did not belong to the municipality in whose corridor it was located, but was directly subordinate to the Dresden office . The Hoflößnitz was parish in the church at Kötzschenbroda , the oldest parish in the area. When Elector Johann Georg I stayed at Hoflößnitz, the Kötzschenbrodaer pastor Augustin Prescher was responsible for him. In the state lexicon of 1817 Hoflößnitz is listed as a separate place with 131 inhabitants. In 1836, two years after the conversion of the royal winery into a state domain, when the Niederlößnitz -Lindenau school district was created for the Niederlößnitz Weinbergsverein , five children from Hoflößnitz attended the newly built elementary school in Niederlößnitz . Although the surrounding Oberlößnitz was founded as a municipality in 1839, it was not until 1875 that Hoflößnitz became part of this rural municipality.

Showroom

Hoflößnitz as today's municipal facility

Today's municipal facility is supported by the Hoflössnitz Wine Estate Museum Foundation , in which, in addition to the city as the main benefactor , the Hoflößnitz Cultural Landscape Association, founded in 1992, is a civic co-founder. The foundation worked with five permanent employees in 2011. In addition to the foundation, a GmbH pursues the commercial interests of Hoflößnitz. This Hoflößnitz Betriebsgesellschaft mbH winery and wine tavern had 7.5 employees in 2011 according to the investment report.

In the public perception, the Hoflößnitz consists in particular of the two establishments Weingut Hoflößnitz and the Saxon Wine Museum Hoflößnitz . There is also the wine terrace and a guest house.

The property of today's Hoflößnitz mainly includes the building ensemble with its historical furnishings as well as the castle hill to the southeast . There are also other leased vineyards.

In cooperation with the Radebeul registry office, weddings are also held in the Hoflößnitz ballroom.

Hoflößnitz as a Saxon cultural monument

The listed nature of the Hoflößnitz goes far beyond the boundaries of the urban vineyard: The Hoflößnitz vineyard landscape as a listed work of landscaping and gardening also includes several steep-slope vineyards in the north, of which, for example, the Northwestern Golden Carriage belongs to Wackerbarth Castle as a state vineyard . The Spitzhaus staircase , which connects the historic outbuilding, the Spitzhaus , with the manor house high up on the edge of the slope, leads through the steep northern slopes . To the southwest and below the actual Hoflößnitz, connected by another staircase, there is a winegrower's house with a bakery and the former wooden courtyard.

History of the winery

Establishment date

The founding of Hoflößnitz has been dated to May 8, 1401 since 1904, according to an article by archivist and historian Hans Beschorner in the Dresdner Geschichtsbl Blätter.

Beschorner referred to the original document no.5170 in the Saxon Main State Archives and claimed: According to this purchase contract between Margrave Wilhelm and Friedemann Küchenmeister, the Margrave acquired this during the Dohna feud from their vassals, who master the kitchen (s) , bypassing the feudal lordship Press house and three surrounding vineyards for a purchase price of 1660  Schock Meissen groschen (corresponding to 4980 Rhenish guilders ).

Beschorner's line of argument that the chefs were feudal people of the Burgraves of Dohna and that they had overlordship over some vineyards in the Kötzschenbroda corridor area, the historian Mike Huth rejected in 2001 in 600 years Hoflößnitz . Document No. 635 from around 1373 from the deed book of the Meissen Monastery, which was used by Beschorner for his conclusion , confirms the feudal support of the Dohna people under the Bishop of Meissen. However, the document from 1401 does not prove the overlordship over the vineyards in question, which were listed as accessories .

Rather, it is correct that the document from 1401 to Margrave Wilhelm von Friedemann Küchenmeister for a purchase sum of 1660 Schock Meißner Groschen “the village of Kötzschenbroda with fields, meadows, services, duties, vineyards, spiritual and secular fiefs and all its accessories in the field and village “, Which later belonged to the Dresden office. Huth further doubts that the three named vineyards of the later Hoflößnitz could have been part of this purchase contract, as they were located east of the Lößnitzbach on the Serkowitzer Flur, while the purchase contract from 1401 refers to the Kötzschenbrodaer Flur on the west side of the Lößnitzbach. The Lezenitzberg, named in connection with the ownership of the later Reinhardtsberg family , as the namesake of the Lößnitz, is also located in the western part of the Lößnitz on the former Kötzschenbrodaer Flur, today Niederlößnitz.

The feudal lordship of the Meissen Margrave on the west side of the Lößnitzgrund, i.e. the so-called Kötzschberg Wine Mountains , is documented in 1409.

Beschorner claims that the three “pressed parts” with the wine press were already there in 1401, which Huth denies due to the lack of sources from that time. According to him, only in a report from 1548 "three pressed parts" of the Hoflößnitz were mentioned, namely the "Ober-, Mittel- and Nider -lesenitz" as well as the "Sandleitte in derlesenitz", which was later part of Neufriedstein , ie in Niederlößnitz , formerly Kötzschenbrodaer corridor. In contrast, the "Kurberge der Ober, Mittel and Nieder Leßnitz" belonged to the Serkowitzer Flur.

Huth draws the conclusion that although the date of May 8, 1401 signifies the beginning of the Wettin ownership of vineyards in one of the Loessnitz villages , there is no documentary proof that the press house with the three nearby vineyards of the later Hoflößnitz is also documented is proven.

Wettin farm winery

Hoflößnitz around 1620, drawing by the wine master Nicolaus Hofmeister. (Even before the mountain and pleasure house was built)
View of the vineyards in the Loessnitz with winery . Johann Paul Knohll : Small Vinicultur booklet . Frontispiece, 1667. (The Wendelstein still in half-timbering)

Starting in 1401, the Wettins brought scattered vineyard property in the Lößnitz under their control for almost five centuries (until 1889) and concentrated the courtly viticulture on this estate. The current name "Hoflößnitz" is mentioned for the first time on January 14, 1622. In that 17th century the Hoflößnitz was in the center of 6000 hectares of Saxon wine-growing area.

For a long time, the core of the facility was the press house described in 1563, which was equipped with a large tree press and until 1688 owned the only wine cellar. In 1588, Elector Christian I issued the first regulations for Saxon viticulture, the Weinebürgsordnung .

In the 17th century, an apartment was added to the existing press house for the mountain administrator . From 1616, experts from Württemberg, led by the winemaker Jacob Löffler, introduced new cultivation and working methods “in the Württemberg style”. This included the terracing of the steep slopes with dry stone walls, the rows of vines and the single-variety cultivation. Until then, mixed batches had been grown, which resulted in the typical Rotling ( Schieler ) after pressing . From 1615 to 1735, the electoral property expanded enormously through the acquisition of further vineyards. Until the 19th century, the mountain administrator was responsible for twelve wineries (1670: with 23 vineyards) with their mountain bailiffs . Two of them were in the corridor of today's Niederlößnitz: these were the Eckberg and a vineyard north of the Spittelberg . The mountain manager of the Hoflößnitz was directly subordinate to the electoral country wine master. Spiritually, the courtly domain was assigned to the Kötzschenbroda church .

In 1625 the Straken water line , a wooden pipeline, was put into operation from the Wahnsdorfer Höhe to supply the estate with water . Fed by Wahnsdorf springs, this first ran through the incised Grund Straken to the south and then to the west parallel to Weinbergstrasse . This initially supplied twelve residents for water interest. The Hof-Lößnitzer Röhr-Waßer-Ordinance also legally regulated the use from 1744 onwards. A polygonal water house with a curved hood in the inner courtyard of the facility collected the pipe water (in the picture from 1667 in front of the smoking chimney of the upper right mountain administrator's house). In addition, a sundial was placed on a column in the courtyard.

In the years 1648 to 1650, Elector Johann Georg I, with the help of his master builder Ezechiel Eckhardt, built a small castle on the estate, which can be assigned to the transition from the late Renaissance to the early Baroque and whose interior is stylistically Mannerism . It differed from the Lößnitz vineyard houses in terms of the tower with the spiral staircase and the gilded weather vane with the Saxon coat of arms. The interior work was probably not completed until around 1680. The elector's son Johann Georg II celebrated the grape harvest there every year, employed the Dutchman Albert Eckhout , who had already been brought in by his father, as court painter, and initiated major expansions in the interior design and extensions. In particular, the court painters Wiebel and Schiebling created the splendid decor of the ballroom with the two side living rooms and bedrooms of the Elector and the Electress. The kitchen and stable building was also built around 1650, which today looks out from the Kavalierhaus, which was later expanded from it, on both sides.

From 1657 to 1807 the Lößnitzer manual was kept , which recorded the visits of the elector to the Hoflößnitz: Johann Georg II was on site up to five times a year, mostly on the way to the hunt in the Friedewald .

Berliner Meilenblätter (1781–1810): Meißnerischer Weinberg in the center of the picture, to the right of it on the Postchaussee the inn “Weißes Roß” , at the upper edge the Hoflößnitz

From 1661 Johann Paul Knohll was the building and mountain clerk on the Hoflößnitz, who wrote a standard work on Saxon viticulture that was used up into the 19th century with his Klein Vinicultur booklet . After 1667 the stair tower, which originally consisted of timber frame work, was converted into a massive Wendelstein. The buildings to the west of the castle with a wine cellar, cellar room, winegrower's apartment and stable were built in 1688. The kitchen building stood on the site of today's Kavalierhaus. Parts of it remained in place in 1843 when the later Bergverwalterhaus was built.

Winegrowers' festival at the time of August the Strong in Hoflößnitz Castle . Johann Christoph Jünger , 1746.

August the Strong invited his hunting parties to Hoflößnitz and organized dance festivals of the court with wine serving. The first such grape harvest festival took place in 1715, which was followed by others in 1719 and 1727. After Countess Cosel returned to the electoral possession of the Spitzige House on the heights above the Hoflößnitz in 1710 , August had the first plans for another pleasure palace on the heights; Only the shell pavilion was executed. For this purpose, his son Friedrich August II had the pointed house rebuilt in a baroque style using the older structure in 1749, based on plans by Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann . An annual staircase with a planned 365 (in reality 390) steps led from the castle up to the top (restoration 1845–1847, refurbished 1992 with 397 steps).

In the 17th or 18th century, the electoral winemakers planted an early Leipzig ( Prié Blanc ) vine on a south wall in the Goldener Wagen vineyard , which today is considered the fourth oldest vine in the world and the second oldest domestic vine in Germany, with an estimated age of 250 to 350 years.

Spitzhaus from the west side with a view of Dresden, right. below is the Hoflößnitz (engraving early 19th century)

The press house was renewed in 1698. Burned down in 1824, it was rebuilt, including the apartment for the Bergvogt, by the master builder Carl Mildreich Barth .

Both the electors and later the Saxon kings also used their country residence in the Loessnitz for state-relevant meetings. The guest book kept in the Saxon State Archives for the private rooms in the tower floor of the Spitzhaus , which stands on the edge of the slope, names names such as Emperor Joseph II , King Charles X of France and King Otto I of Greece . The future German Emperor Wilhelm I of Prussia was also a guest there as Crown Prince.

Saxon state winery, phylloxera disaster

In 1834 the royal winery was converted into a state winery . Landbaumeister Carl Mildreich Barth created the plans for the late Classicist building of the Bergverwalterhaus in 1843, which integrated parts of the kitchen and stables. The execution of this lay with Karl Moritz Haenel . At the beginning of the 20th century, the ahistorical name for this building, which is still used today, was used as a cavalier house .

The construction of the first German long-distance railway connection Leipzig – Dresden , built between 1837 and 1839, was started by both sides at the same time. The 8.18 km long section from Dresden-Neustadt to Weintraube was ceremoniously opened on July 19, 1838, at the same time the first stopping point "Zur Weintraube" was inaugurated in what is now Radebeul's urban area near Hoflößnitz at the current Radebeul-Weintraube stop , including the first turntable after the Leipzig train station in Dresden. By the end of August of that year, 68,000 passengers had already used the "steam trip" to the Lößnitz.

Retzsch, vintner procession , 1840 (detail: Bacchus with companions)

On October 25, 1840, a large bourgeois winegrowers festival took place with the winegrowers' parade of the Weinbau-Gesellschaft , which led from Hoflößnitz to the Goldene Weintraube inn . At the festival not only a feast and dance were offered, but also a Bengali fire on the mountain heights of the Hoflößnitz and at Cossebaude on the other side of the Elbe. This vintner's parade is probably the best known in Saxony today, as it was captured and published in a series of pictures by the painter Moritz Retzsch, who lives on his Retzschgut winery in Oberlößnitz . The original picture from Retzsch influenced all subsequent moves. A colored version of Retzsch's series of images is exhibited in the Viticulture Museum in the 1950s. It was the model for the winery trains from 2011.

From 1846 to 1851 found Ablösungsrezeßverhandlungen between the Special Commission for detachment and Gemeinheits division and twelve designated by name, "committed to the delivery of interest fertilizer to the Dominialkellerei [the Hoflößnitz] landowners [n] to Naundorf and Zitzschewig " instead, from any place six peasant landowners. The aim was to convert the interest in kind of 42 fuds of fertilizer , which had been paid in kind without remuneration since at least 1170, into a monetary pension payment to the state treasury. Also in 1846 it was stipulated that the 200 vintage days to be paid annually by residents of Kötzschenbroda, Fürstenhains , Serkowitz, Radebeuls, Micktens , Übigaus , Trachaus , Reichenbergs , Dippelsdorfs , Naundorfs and Zitzschewig in the Hoflößnitz through a one-off payment as well as annual pension payments to the cash register Dresden Rent Office are to be replaced. The respective one-off amounts and the annual payments are based on the respective share ratios for each municipality.

According to Hofmann in 1853, the Hoflößnitz had a “special immediate Dresden. Amtsortchen “a size of 80  bushels , which corresponds to about 22 hectares. Together with the official vineyards in Pillnitz and Cossebaude, they were subordinate to a royal official mountain inspector.

In the 1880s, the phylloxera disaster in the Loessnitz caused severe damage to the vineyards. In the summer of 1887, the soil was officially determined, according to which, according to an imperial law of 1875, the vineyards had to be destroyed. In May 1888 the Saxon government decided to give up viticulture in Hoflößnitz and to sell the fiscal vineyards.

Sale of the vineyards and the estate to private

Hoflößnitz, 1901. To the left of the main house the press house and the farm building, at the top left of the stairs the bastion-like substructure on which the chestnut terrace is located today. At the bottom of the stairs on the right the winegrower's house and on the left the wooden yard. In the background the abandoned vineyards.

In 1889 the winery was parceled out and auctioned, as were many parts of the moveable inventory. Many of the former vineyard areas were subsequently built on with villas . After two changes of ownership in 1899, the estate itself came into the hands of the Russian general and ambassador to the Saxon court, Count Boris Sukanov-Podkolzin (also Suckanoff-Podkolzine). He had a very large, sheet metal Neo-Rococo tower structure built on the mountain and pleasure house to the south towards the valley. And in front of the main house, facing the valley, a balustrade with an outside staircase was built. In addition, the courtyard gate was given a neo-baroque grille.

The general died in 1900 and his heiress, Countess Anna von Zolotoff , who lived in St. Petersburg , became the new owner . Since the little castle in distant Saxony meant little to her and she was considering selling the property, which was only used for occasional summer stays, there was again the risk of further parceling the remaining areas of the formerly extensive winery. The Oberlößnitz development plan envisaged the development of villas all around, of which Villa Franziska was built nearby in 1905 at Hoflößnitzstraße 58. The development of the Altfriedstein villa colony had shown what could be done with the rest of the area , including the intervention in the centuries-old structure of a manorial building.

Savior of the stock: the Hoflößnitz association

Hoflößnitz Palace , around 1910 (before the remodeling by Emil Högg)
For comparison: Lusthaus and Berghaus today

In 1912 the core of Hoflößnitz, a 2.8 hectare property with the winery, was up for sale again.

In order to be able to counteract the further destruction of the remaining areas with the consequence of further urban sprawl and the dispersal of existing works of art, interested citizens founded the Hoflößnitz Association. On March 20, 1912, the association founded in the Grundschänke took its seat in the Oberlößnitz under the leadership of the Secret Finance Councilor Georg Friedrich Haase, who came from Oberlößnitz. Lippert became deputy chairman and Beschorner secretary; The Oberlößnitz community board member Bruno Hörning was also present as treasurer. According to the statutes, the purpose of the association was

"Buying, repairing and maintaining the formerly electoral Weinbergsschlösschen Hoflößnitz and the surrounding area, unique in its decoration, as well as establishing a museum on the ground floor of the history of the Loessnitz villages and Saxon viticulture."

With the support of the historian Woldemar Lippert , member of the board of the Royal Saxon Antiquities Association , the association, which soon grew to 120 members, succeeded within a short time in obtaining a large part of the funds required for the acquisition and renovation of 350,000 marks, in particular through donations from the ranks of the To attract industry.

After the acquisition of the complex (the Spitzhaus could not be bought back) and the areas to the east (especially the Schlossberg ) in July 1912, the construction management was transferred to the architect and board member Emil Högg , who settled in neighboring Radebeul that same year . Its task was to secure the centuries-old historical substance, the necessary deconstruction to the historical stylization and the renovation according to the ideas of the time. He found support for the restoration of the damaged wall and ceiling paintings from the Dresden painter Gustav Löhr.

The Niederlößnitz school director Emanuel Erler was commissioned to set up the local history museum . This headed the local group of the Association for Saxon Folklore , with which he had already exhibited an exhibition of the local viticulture history at the Kötzschenbroda trade fair of 1909. Especially because of the encouragement from King Friedrich August III. Erler wanted this exhibition to be a permanent presentation.

The structural investigations had shown that the Weinbergsschlösschen was much more dilapidated than expected. Due to the improper placement of the oversized ridge turret on the south side, the roof structure was so badly deformed that rainwater had damaged the ceiling paintings in the ballroom. In addition, the half-timbering on the upper floor, which was probably plastered in the 18th century, was badly damaged. Högg's measures such as the dismantling of the roof tower, the exemption of the half-timbering and the replacement of beams saved the structure and at the same time put the exterior of it in a form that corresponds to the construction time of 1650. In addition, the balustrade was demolished and the neo-baroque gate expanded. All of these construction projects were in the hands of the Hörnig & Barth construction company. The historically appropriate restoration was so complex that it consumed the association's assets. In addition, the outward appearance provoked protests in the population, who just did not imagine a castle as a simple winegrower's house. The sources of donations dried up in a short time.

In 1913 the Association for the Promotion of Viticulture in the Lößnitz was founded, which under the direction of the oenologist Carl Pfeiffer began to revive the Lößnitz with the grafted vine introduced in 1905 .

Costly wrong decisions by Haase cost him his place and he was forced to resign. A tax claim in 1914 led to de facto bankruptcy. After the beginning of the First World War, some association boards were drafted into military service, the Oberlößnitz community leader and association treasurer Hörnig took care of the association's business. The debt burden led to the organization's bankruptcy proceedings three years after it was founded. In order to secure what had been achieved, Hörnig initiated bankruptcy proceedings over the association in February 1915; In June 1915, Oberlößnitz, as the main creditor, acquired the Hoflößnitz property, which had now been repaired and had increased in value, for much less money than the association had paid.

The Hoflößnitz Association thus became the “savior of the Hoflößnitz”, its bankruptcy, “a flaw in the eyes of contemporaries, appears as a marginal note from a century away”.

Municipal property: Local monument protection law and start of recultivation of viticulture

Schlossberg and Hoflößnitz, villa development on Höflößnitzstraße (right)

With the takeover, the municipality received the state requirement to maintain the property in accordance with a listed building and to prevent future land speculation with the Hoflößnitz property. In the same year 1915, Oberlößnitz passed a local law against the disgrace of the Hoflößnitz along with its facilities and surroundings , in order to protect the further division of the core areas of the formerly royal Hoflößnitz winery against sprawl . The basis was the Saxon law against disfigurement of town and country from 1909.

In 1916, Carl Pfeiffer took over the management of the vine refinement station located near Hoflößnitz , from which, after being taken over by the State Cultural Council in 1927, the free state viticulture research and teaching institute emerged . Pfeiffer was also committed to increasing the quality of Lößnitz wine and introduced mineral fertilization. In 1927, the Saxon Ministry of Economics built an administrative headquarters at the foot of the Spitzhaus staircase, in which the state winegrowing school was also operated.

In the so-called “electoral room” at the west end of the farm building (winegrower's house) a restaurant was opened in 1919, which was operated until 1938.

The construction work interrupted by the First World War was resumed after the war. As early as February 1913, the architect Emil Högg planned to convert the north-facing western part of the wine-growing and stable building into a two-story residential building; however, the building permit could only be submitted in 1920. The construction management of the execution lay with Ferdinand Severitt , who carried it out in the course of the emergency work that was possible at the time . To do this, the old structure was demolished, revealing old cellars. On top of this, the new residential building with two apartments was built in a cautiously modern architectural style from the beginning of the century, carried "by the spirit of consideration for the historically given", with a recessed upper floor whose ridge line continues the ridge of the old building on the left. The transverse structuring of the new building was carried out via a ribbon-like, narrow roof area between the floors, which starts from the sill of the upper floor windows. For this purpose, all windows were framed by folding shutters.

The exterior of the Kavalierhaus was only changed by breaking a door on the back. Most of the floor plans also remained. However, the attic was expanded for residential purposes, for which two new dormers were inserted into the roof cladding. This work was also directed by the master builder Severitt, the Högg plans for this date from 1921. All conversions for residential purposes were made with the aim of generating permanent rental income for the Hoflößnitz by renting living space.

At Pentecost 1924, the community of Oberlößnitz set up a local history and loessnitz museum in the small castle (Heimathaus Hoflößnitz) ; She was supported by the first Saxon state curator, Walter Bachmann , who moved to Lößnitz in 1919. At Pentecost 1924, the Oberlößnitz youth hostel opened a bed domicile with 40 beds in the attic of the castle. The youth hostel was allowed to use the top floor until 1935, when the city winery was created.

City winery Radebeul

After the incorporation of Wahnsdorf and Oberlößnitz in 1934, the town of Radebeul owned Lößnitz vineyards. The then Lord Mayor Heinrich Severit set up the Radebeul town winery in 1935 , the seat of which was established in the traditional, formerly royal Hoflößnitz winery. As part of the emergency work that was possible at that time, Severit recruited workers in 1936 to recultivate and recreate the vineyards that had been cleared due to the phylloxera disaster. The town winemaker Ludwig Gleich made use of workers from the Reich Labor Service in the first few years . After purchasing the Golden Wagon , the first harvest took place there in October 1938, 50 years after the then Kameral vineyards were cleared.

In 1938, the Saxon wine cooperative was founded in Hoflößnitz .

The new plantings were made with grafted vines mainly of the varieties Müller-Thurgau , Riesling , Ruländer , Veltliner , Silvaner , Neuburger , Traminer , Gutedel , Pinot Noir and Portuguese . In 1941, the estate of the city winery was over 16 hectares; During the Second World War, the agricultural areas were mainly cultivated by forced laborers.

In the meantime the Hoflößnitz was used as a prisoner of war camp for soldiers of the Red Army during World War II. After the war, which the Hoflößnitz survived unscathed, it became the seat of the Soviet occupying forces ( 1st Guards Armored Army ), for which a now- listed block station was built in 1949 at the foot of the south-western gate.

In 1946 the cultivated vineyards resulted in 9.46 hectares of vineyards, which, according to a plot of land, consisted of the following vineyards from west to east: Altfriedstein , Steinrücke (near Friedrich-August-Höhe ), Goldener Wagen , Schlossberg (local mountain of Hoflößnitz), Perle , Hölle , Ballberg , Hermannsberg , Albertsberg and Ravensberg . The proceeds were temporarily confiscated by the Soviet military administration . Plans in 1946 to set up a hotel in the Kavalierhaus were not implemented.

In 1947 the area of ​​the city winery including the still fallow mountains was almost 29 hectares, of which almost 3.3 hectares were leased.

On October 1, 1949, the Hoflößnitz home house with its museum building, the Berg- und Lusthaus , remained in the legal ownership of the city of Radebeul, while the other operation of the city winery was replaced.

Volksweingut Lößnitz, Radebeul winegrowing

The city ​​winery Radebeul and the state winery of the State of Saxony both became legal entities of the Central Association of People's Own Goods (ZVVG) Southeast on October 1, 1949 . This was subordinate to the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the State of Saxony. Then there were the city wineries of Dresden and Meißen as well as some expropriated businesses of private winemakers. From the union of the two wineries, the state-owned wine estate "Lößnitz" arose . The Paulsberg winery in the Zitzschewig district , which has belonged to the state property administration of the Saxon state government since 1940, was designated as the seat of the Volksweingut . In addition to the "Lößnitz" viticulture, only the winegrowers' cooperative in Meißen remained as a producer in the region.

The Volksweingut cultivated 39.1 hectares of agricultural land in 1952, of which 23.4 hectares were vineyards. Also in 1952, their first sparkling wine was produced using bottle fermentation ( Sachsengold brand ).

In 1954 it became the VEG (B) Volksweingut , which belonged to the Department of Nationally Owned Goods of the Dresden District Council. From 1963 it belonged as VEG (Z) Weinbau Radebeul to the VVB Saat- und Pflanzgut Quedlinburg .

The vineyards and the structures of the Barnewitz house, expropriated in 1952 , then also belonged to the people's winery. From 1955, the people's winery made its first major new developments.

Due to the planning of the Radebeul City Council in April 1958 to also produce sparkling wine using large-tank high-pressure fermentation in the future , the Volksgut received the von Wackerbarths Ruhe estate , on which, from 1967 to 1969, a new wine and sparkling wine cellar and one in addition to the historic castle complex Bottling line was built. The expansion planning was accompanied by an increase in sales planning from 3 to 11 million marks . The new, partly fully automatic plant was supposed to enable an annual production of 4.3 million bottles of sparkling wine, the base wines of which, however, did not come from our own production, but were brought in from outside.

In the period that followed, the Volksweingut developed into the largest wine-growing business in the Elbe Valley with around 80 hectares, also through the acquisition of further vineyards and land consolidation. In 1974, for example, there were six parts of the business that cultivated 32.5 hectares in the Radebeul area , 10.5 hectares around Meißen ( Meißner Stadtweingut ) , 33.5 hectares in Seusslitz (near Nünchritz ) and 3.5 hectares in Cossebaude . Cultivation types were in particular Müller-Thurgau , Riesling , Pinot Blanc , Traminer and Ruländer . According to the values ​​of our homeland , a total of 136 hectares of vineyards belonged to the winery in 1970; areas in Diesbar and in the Spaar Mountains are added to the previous list . Before the land reform, the vineyards in Diesbar-Seusslitz were assigned to the city of Dresden together with the local manor and the castle as a municipal business enterprise (KWU). The vineyards later went to the Volksweingut, which in 1959 undertook efforts based on the Lenz-Moser education system on flat sites between Heinrichsburg and Goldkuppe .

In the years 1974 to 1977 Wackerbarth Castle and parts of the garden were renovated. From 1977 onwards, extensive maintenance work was carried out on the Hoflößnitz buildings, which had deteriorated due to aging and misuse.

In April 1974, the Volksweingut took over the nearby Bussard sparkling wine cellar , which was expropriated in 1972 and which was still used for the artisanal production of sparkling wine in bottle fermentation until 1978. In 1978/1979 the traditional bottle fermentation was stopped and the last remaining Bussard employees were converted to mass sparkling wine production on the Wackerbarthsruhe site. The tank fermentation process practiced there for the mass production of cheap sparkling wine had priority over the classic bottle fermentation practiced in Bussard with a lot of manual labor, which delivered higher quality sparkling wine, but was more cost-intensive. By 1981 the sparkling wine output increased from 25,600 to 36,500 hectoliters. The protected brands were Schlossberg (after Hoflößnitz's local mountain) and Wackerbarth Castle , in 1985 the sparkling wine brand Graf Wackerbarth was introduced.

Municipal winery, Hoflößnitz Winery Museum Foundation, Saxon Wine Museum

Pleasure and mountain house with the steep slopes in the background ( Goldener Wagen vineyard ), in front of the estate's own Schlossberg
Wine festival 2012, in the audience you can see costumed participants of the winery procession (Bacchus in the foreground).

In July 1990 the state-owned estate was converted to Weinbau Radebeul - Schloß Wackerbarth GmbH . The state of Saxony took over Wackerbarth Castle in April 1992 , while the Radebeul municipal winery , which was brought into the Volksweingut, was separated again as the Hoflößnitz municipal winery and transferred to municipal ownership. This cleared the way for a fundamental renovation, reactivation of the viticulture, revision of the museum and a touristic use (guided tours through the castle, museum and the winery with wine tastings, wine sales and serving). In 1994 a wine tavern was reopened - in the same place where there was one between 1919 and 1938: in the former winegrower's apartment, which was called the electoral room at the time of the restaurant . The lower rooms of the Kavalierhaus were restored in 1995. Since then, they have been used for events or wine tastings; to the right of the entrance is the museum cash desk with the wine sale, to the left is a museum room where the 2010 exhibition Remembrance + Responsibility. Saxon viticulture was opened during National Socialism , with which the forced laborers in Saxon viticulture at the time of National Socialism are remembered.

In 1997, the city as owner transferred the property to a non-profit, legal foundation under civil law called the Hoflößnitz Winery Museum Foundation , which was approved by the Dresden Regional Council in March 1998. In addition, the Hoflößnitz Betriebsgesellschaft mbH winery and wine tavern is operated, which bundles commercial interests. With the conversion of the Municipal Museum Hoflößnitz into the Weingutmuseum Hoflößnitz , the art inventory was divided: the wine-specific part remained with the Hoflößnitz, the other works of art were transferred to the municipal art collection , which is affiliated with the Stadtgalerie Radebeul am Anger von Altkötzschenbroda.

In 2001, the publication 600 Years of Hoflößnitz: Historical Vineyards, published by the art historian and former Saxon state curator Heinrich Magirius , was probably the most comprehensive standard work on Hoflößnitz.

On the occasion of Saxony-wide event 850 years viticulture in Saxony in 2011 was Weingutsmuseum Hoflößnitz to Saxon Weinbaumuseum Hoflößnitz upgraded. The museum is a member of ICOM Germany . Also in 2011 was the foundation Weingutsmuseum Hoflößnitz the historic Winzerzug of Moritz Retzsch from 1840 for historical template revived; only the direction of the vintner's procession was reversed in order to be able to end in the Hoflößnitz. The event has been repeated since October 2012, and in 2015 it was held on the occasion of the double anniversary of 300 years of the Saxon winegrowing train and 25 years of German unity as the German winegrowing train , with the participation of the twelve other German wine-growing regions.

Historic winery complex with winery and wine museum

winery

Vinotheque and museum cash desk on the right side of the Kavalierhaus, on the left the wall of remembrance for the 2010 Remembrance + Responsibility exhibition

The Hoflößnitz winery belongs to the large Radebeuler Lößnitz site . All of the wines from the Radebeuler Goldener Wagen vineyard of today's Hoflößnitz winery, which was restored after 1992, come from organic farming, including those around the Bennoschlösschen , the only Renaissance mansion in the area. Likewise, the Paulsberg from the Radebeuler Johannisberg site and the Friedensburg steep-slope vineyard , which has been revived since April 2008 , which belongs to the Radebeuler Steinrücke and is reserved for Pinot Noir, are managed by the municipal winery according to ecological aspects.

Are produced on 8 hectares of vineyards wines from classic grape varieties Riesling , Pinot Blanc , Pinot Noir , Pinot Gris and Traminer , as well as newer, fungus-resistant varieties such as St. John , Solaris and Regent . A rotling is also produced. Expansion is dry or semi-dry; as a rule, predicates are achieved up to the late harvest . In 2011, an average yield of 61.7 hectoliters / hectare was achieved.

In addition, Hoflößnitz also offers wines from small winemakers from Krapenberg in Zitzschewig from the Radebeuler Johannisberg site .

In 2010 the Hoflößnitz was recognized by the German Wine Institute as the highlight of wine culture . Together with Schloss Wackerbarth, there were two such awards for the Saxon wine-growing region at the end of 2012.

The only certified organic winery in Saxony was recommended in the Gault-Millau Wine Guide 2012/2013. At the regional wine awards in summer 2011, wines from the 2010 vintage won a gold, a silver and a bronze medal for the first time for the Hoflößnitz.

Saxon Viticulture Museum

The ballroom on the upper floor of the Lust- und Berghaus

The local museum in Hoflößnitz specialized in local viticulture in the mid-1980s; At the end of the 1990s it became the Hoflößnitz Winery Museum . In 2011, on the occasion of the Saxony-wide event 850 Years of Viticulture in Saxony, the museum was upgraded to the Saxon Wine Museum Hoflößnitz , the only wine museum in Saxony. In 2012 the museum had about 24,000 visitors.

During a tour through the ground floor of the Lust- und Berghaus, the museum presents the history of viticulture in the Elbe Valley. It shows the work of winemakers over the centuries. There are also equipment, certificates, cards, art objects and models. The development of the former electoral or royal winery is shown and important personalities associated with viticulture are presented.

On the upper floor is the art-historical highlight of the museum, the baroque ballroom with its contemporary painting and illustration, including the 80 bird pictures by Eckhout. On both sides of the ballroom are the living rooms and bedrooms of the Elector and the Electress.

Restaurant in the winery, guest quarters in the winery and bakery

Restaurant in the farm building
Guest quarters in the winery and bakery

The restaurant in the Hoflößnitz is located in the south-western farm building, the cellar room or the winery room. Inside the guest can sit by the tiled stove or outside at small tables in front of the building; When the weather is nice and larger events, the chestnut terrace next door is available, from which the view can wander far to the south into the Elbe valley. In addition to food and the usual drinks, there are Hoflößnitz and other Saxon wines depending on the location in the winery.

The staircase leading up from Lößnitzgrundstrasse opens out next to the chestnut terrace, next to which the winegrowing and baking house is located at the lower entrance gate . This Hoflößnitz building ensemble, which is also listed, was converted into a guest house with two apartments and four double rooms in 2011.

Cultural monument

Totality of Hoflößnitz in a vineyard landscape: Re. (in the north) the Bismarck tower, around the center of the manor complex, in between the pointed house staircase as a line. Almost left Half-planted below: the Schlossberg . Left above diagonally: The tracks of the Lößnitzgrundbahn .

The Hoflößnitz winery is listed in the Radebeul monument list under the address Knohllweg 37 in particular as "Hoflößnitz, Stiftung Weingutmuseum Hoflößnitz, mountain and pleasure house with cavalier house, former press house, farm buildings, wine press, gateways, staircases (including pointed staircase with shell pavilion), Reiterstein and adjacent ones Vineyards. "

Material entirety, work of landscape and garden design, individual monuments

In the Radebeul monument topography, the cultural monument Hoflößnitz is represented as a whole, which is completely a work of landscape and garden design , on the associated monument mapping of Radebeul on a scale of 1: 5000 . This heritage-protected vineyard landscape lies entirely within the historical preservation area Radebeul . The associated vineyards are steep slopes below the Spitzhaus and the Bismarck Tower east of the Spitzhaus staircase and the steep slopes below the Spitzhausweg on the west side of the Spitzhaus staircase, which mainly belong to the Golden Carriage . The areas of the Schlossberg to the southeast of the Lust- und Berghaus are rather flatter.

At the address Knohllweg 37 (formerly Hoflößnitzstraße 37, then Knohllweg 1) there is also the gate to and the tool shed on the Goldener Wagen vineyard at Am Goldenen Wagen (west of No. 12, the former winery school of the state winery ) , then above the edge of the slope under Spitzhausstraße the shell pavilion, the Bismarck tower and the Spitzhaus staircase up there and with the address Spitzhausstraße 36 the Spitzhaus itself is also located in the depicted entity. South below the manor, east of the staircase leading up to it, Lößnitzgrundstraße 19 is "Winzerhaus, former bakery and gate system", which also includes the transformer station outside the gate, and to the west of the stairs is the property Lößnitzgrundstraße 23, the former "wood yard with winegrower's house" . Not all of the sites belonging to the listed building are owned by the Hoflößnitz Foundation.

Hoflößnitz with the Spitzhaus (right above), between the Spitzhaus staircase and the Bismarck tower

Within the totality, numerous buildings are marked as individual monuments. These are shown here in context.

Golden Chariot, Spitzhaus Staircase, Shell Pavilion, Bismarck Tower, Spitzhaus

The baroque staircase to heaven , the Spitzhaus staircase , which leads approximately to the north , is the longest staircase in Saxony. It leads over a length of 220 meters from the small castle at the Goldener Wagen vineyard with the arched keystone freshly gilded in 2012 up to the shell pavilion . From there it goes to the Bismarck Tower and the Spitzhaus (today a panorama restaurant with a wide view over the Elbe valley ). These buildings are touched by the approximately 5 km long Oberlößnitzer Weinwanderweg .

The rear property areas of the listed houses Am Goldenen Wagen 12 , Am Goldenen Wagen 14 and the so-called Berghäus'ls (Am Goldenen Wagen 16) are shown in the monument mapping of the monument topography as belonging to the protected vineyard landscape of the Hoflößnitz and thus also to the whole. This also applies to almost the entire property of the country house at Hoflößnitzstraße 72 (except for the southwest corner of the property on the street). In the 1920s to 1940s, the latter country house was the residence of high-ranking Saxon politicians.

  • Tool shed in the Golden Chariot

  • Golden Chariot gate , next to it the Spitzhaus staircase

  • Pointed house staircase with shell pavilion

  • Bismarck Tower

  • Spitzhaus

Gate system, lower staircase, wooden courtyard, winegrower's house with bakery, block station

To the south and below the terrace, on which the actual winery property is located and to which a staircase leads, there is an entrance gate made of mighty sandstone pillars with spherical crowns. On the left side of the stairs up to the manor is the former Hoflößnitz wooden yard . The core of the still existing building dates from the 18th century; it was increased to two floors in 1891 and converted into a rural house.

Outside the gate on the right is the transformer station from 1949 (block station), inside the gate on the right is the winegrower's house built in the first half of the 19th century with the attached bakery (today the Hoflößnitz guest house).

  • House of the Holzhof (west of the stairs)

  • Lower gate to Hoflößnitz, right behind it the winegrower's house and bakery

  • Hoflößnitz block station, in the background the Bismarck tower

grange

Site plan of the Hoflößnitz building (from Gurlitt, 1904) with southern access; there on the right the vintner's house with bakery and on the left the wooden courtyard house

The actual estate ensemble stands as a roughly rectangular group of buildings on the upper Heidesand terrace below the steep ascent of the Elbe slope, part of the Lusatian fault , which leads to the plateau of the Lusatian plate . To the west lies the foothills of the Lößnitzgrund and further to the east the terrace merges into the Junge Heide .

From the south the staircase leads to the manor in the middle. To the right, in the south-east corner, is the mountain and pleasure house, to the west is the terrace lined with large horse chestnuts , to which, forming the south-west corner, the winegrower's room and, across the corner, the residential building connect.

On the north side is the press house on the left, between it and the residential building a footpath leads out to Hoflößnitzstraße at the northwest corner. To the right is the Kavalierhaus, to the right of it goes to the lower part of the Spitzhaus staircase that leads out of the manor to the north.

On the east side of the courtyard, a mighty entrance gate leads to the Knohllweg between the vineyards.

patio

In the inner courtyard, several walkways and the chestnut terrace are paved with a water-bound ceiling . In between there are larger lawns that are bordered a little higher.

In some places there are baroque vases; to the right of the gate is a sandstone work of art. Wine barrels indicate the long history of viticulture.

In front of the left side of the mountain and pleasure house, under an enclosure from 1952, is the gray press from the winery of the same name in Wahnsdorf to the north , a two-spindle wine press.

For a long time Radebeul's oldest and most important sandstone sculptures, the group of figures Chronos and the Mourners or Chronos and Wailing Woman , stood in the inner courtyard , first unprotected against the west wall of the Weinbergschlösschen, later under a canopy on the east side of the Kavalierhaus. After the restoration in 2005, it was placed in the churchyard of the Friedenskirche .

  • Gate system to the estate, from Knohllweg

  • Historic wine press (gray press) in front of the main house

  • Historic wine press (gray press) still without housing (photo Richard Peter , before 1945)

  • Western half of the courtyard: chestnut terrace, winegrower's room, residential building and press house

North side: Presshaus, Bergverwalterhaus (Kavalierhaus)

Re. Kavalierhaus, in front of which the staircase to the Spitzhaus stairway begins

The former press house to the west is a single-storey building with a tiled half-hip roof with two bat dormers . The seven-axis view of the courtyard is symmetrical: a window in the middle, then there are doors on both sides with three-sided stairways, followed by two windows each. The simple plastered building is stylized in a classical style. The side view is three-axis both on the ground floor and in the gable.

The former mountain caretaker's house to the right (Kavalierhaus) is a two-story central building with two single-story wing structures. The central building under the gently sloping hipped roof has a symmetrical six-axis courtyard view on the upper floor; On the ground floor, the two central axes are combined to form a segmented arch portal with a roof. The facade is structured by cornices and framed by corner pilasters.

From the two side views, the building structure of the kitchen and stable building from the main building, which dates back to around 1650, emerge. Inside, groin vaults with two sandstone pillars are preserved in the east wing.

  • Press (en) house after the renovation in 2016

  • Cavalier House

  • Cross-vaulted room in the Kavalierhaus wing

South-west corner: farm building, residential building

The farm building on the southwest corner was originally the cellar room with the wine cellar below, a winegrower's apartment and a stable part. Today the restaurant is set up in the southern part. It is a simple, single-storey plastered building with an undeveloped, tiled hipped roof covered with beaver tail. In the roof there are three bat dormers facing the courtyard and a dwelling with a door for loading the former warehouse floor. Several doors lead into the functional building. On the windows there are single-sided, simple folding shutters from the original era.

A short distance after the bend to the north, the western part of the building was converted into a residential building in 1920. The plans from 1913 came from Emil Högg. Today the management of Hoflößnitz is located there. In order to enable the roof to be expanded while maintaining the same overall height as in the rest of the elongated building, another wall was installed in the roof, set back a little, and another, flatter roof above it; this resulted in a kind of dormer window over the entire width of the building section and gives the impression of a two-storey residential building, which was also covered with a different type of roof tiles for stylistic separation. The windows on the ground floor are equipped with a somewhat more elaborate, one-sided folding shutter.

  • Winzerstube (guest house) and house

  • Zwerchhaus in the attic of the former farm and stable building

  • Inn inside

  • Höggsche's house, today the headquarters of the management

South-east side: Berg- und Lusthaus (Hoflößnitz Palace, Weinbergsschlösschen)

Exterior stylization as a vineyard house
Mountain and pleasure house with the characteristic Wendelstein, there in the corner the entrance to the interior

The Berg- und Lusthaus , often referred to as Schloss Hoflößnitz in a romantic way , is the main building of the electoral or royal Saxon vineyard complex Hoflößnitz. As a stately pleasure palace on a country estate, not primarily created for state-sponsored representational purposes, but rather as the summer residence of the vineyard owner, it corresponds more to the type of manor house . At that time, many of these were created in the region by stately, mostly Dresden winery owners, starting with the probably oldest, the Bennoschlösschen in the Renaissance style, to more simple ones like the Kynast , to outwardly representative ones like the house in Dresden plait style .

In contrast to the other Lößnitz mansions, the mountain and pleasure house is characterized by the octagonal stair tower in front of the building on the mountain side. This Wendelstein is plastered; it is illuminated on the north and east side by windows adapted to the angles of the staircase incline. On the west side is the entrance door with a richly decorated, partially gilded coat of arms above it. The tower shaft extends to a copper-clad, curved hood halfway up the hipped roof. A gold-plated ball sits on it and above it a gold-plated weather vane with the Saxon spa coat of arms and the date 1677.

Interior in representative mannerism or baroque
Tiled stove in the Electress's room

A museum on the ground floor documents the history of viticulture on the estate and in Saxony.

The electoral living and state rooms on the upper floor are considered to be one of the few examples of intact interior architecture of the 17th century in Saxony on the stylistic border between late Mannerism and Baroque . The highlight is the ballroom : Albert Eckhout painted tropical birds in the 80 square fields of the beamed ceiling based on suggestions from his trip to Brazil. The paneled walls are painted with the cardinal virtues and other female allegorical figures, emblems and sayings in the basic tones green and gray with gilding. The composition is attributed to Christian Schiebling (1603–1663), the designer of the giant hall in Dresden's residential palace . The painting of the electoral living rooms and bedrooms including the chimneys and Meissen stoves also date from the time of Johann Georg II.

Persons connected to the Hoflößnitz

Ruler

Builders, architects, preservationists and artists

  • Ezechiel Eckhardt (baptized 1595; † after 1673), master builder, 1648/1650 construction of the mountain and pleasure house
  • Albert Eckhout (* around 1607; † late 1665 or early 1666), Dutch painter, Saxon court painter, created the exotic bird pictures for the ceiling of the ballroom
  • Christian Schiebling (1603–1663), court painter, painting of the mountain and pleasure house
  • Centurio Wiebel (1616–1684), court painter, painting of the mountain and pleasure house
  • Wolf Caspar von Klengel (1630–1691), master builder, in 1672 put the pointed roof on the Vorwerk building belonging to the Hoflößnitz, from then on called Spitziges Haus
  • Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann (1662–1736), master builder, design of the Spitzhaus staircase and Baroque transformation of the Spitzhaus
  • Moritz Retzsch (1779–1857), draftsman, painter, etcher and Oberlößnitz vineyard owner, drew the wine festival parade of the Saxon Viticulture Society organized by him in 1840
  • Carl Mildreich Barth (* before 1797, † after 1843), master builder, restoration of the burned down press house, construction of the mountain manager's house
  • Karl Moritz Haenel (1809–1880), master builder, restoration of the Spitzhaus staircase in 1845
  • Emil Högg (1867–1954), architect and craftsman, “saved” the Berg- und Lusthaus from 1912 by dismantling, restyling and repairing it, plans for further conversions of the surrounding buildings, board member in the Hoflößnitz association
  • Burkhart Ebe (1881–1949), sculptor and sculptor, his grape harvest artificial stone relief is in the outdoor area of ​​the Hoflößnitz
  • Walter Bachmann (1883–1958), state curator, helped build the local history museum in 1924
  • Georg Richter-Lößnitz (1891–1938), painter and etcher, painted the Hoflößnitz after its restyling
  • Franz Jörissen (1895–1996), master builder, took care of the preservation of the Hoflößnitz during the GDR era
  • Heinrich Magirius (* 1934), art historian and monument conservator, took care of the preservation of the Hoflößnitz in the time of the GDR
  • Gunter Herrmann (* 1938), painter and restorer, restored paintings on and in the Hoflößnitz during the GDR era
  • Ulrich Aust (1942–1992), architect and master builder of the Zwinger, took care of the structural preservation of the Hoflößnitz during the GDR era

Viticulture professionals

  • Johann Paul Knohll (around 1628 – around 1708 / after 1702), official, building and vineyard clerk, wine specialist and viticulture author
  • Johann Gottlob Mehlig (1809–1870), farm winemaker on the Hohenhaus (Spitzhaus), from 1863 Bergvoigt of Hoflößnitz and its chronicler from 1835 to 1870
  • Carl Pfeiffer (1872–1946), agricultural councilor and oenologist, rebuilt the Loessnitz viticulture from Hoflößnitz after the phylloxera disaster, chairman of the Saxon Viticulture Society

Residents, others

  • Martin Stephan (1777–1846), Saxon-American clergyman of the emigration movement, lived / hid around 1837 with his followers on a Hoflößnitz vineyard before they emigrated
  • Bernhard von Rabenhorst (1801–1873), Saxon Minister of War and General, retired at Hoflößnitz, where he also died in 1873
  • Otto Kohlschütter (1807–1853), physician, co-founder of the Polyclinic Children's Hospital in Dresden and the Medical Association of Dresden
  • Alexander Munch (1900-1984), head of the Captain archive Radebeul , which in 1950 by the House in the Kavalierhaus and from there in 1961 in the Villa Steinbach was moved

literature

  • Frank Andert (Red.): Radebeul City Lexicon . Historical manual for the Loessnitz . Published by the Radebeul City Archives. 2nd, slightly changed edition. City archive, Radebeul 2006, ISBN 3-938460-05-9 .
  • Frank Andert: The Hoflößnitz - 100 years of public monument . In: Preview & Review; Monthly magazine for Radebeul and the surrounding area . July 2012 ( vorschau-rueckblick.de [accessed on July 22, 2012]).
  • Hans Beschorner : The Hoflößnitz near Dresden. In: Dresdner Geschichtsblätter 13, 1904, pp. 9–226, pp. 239–247.
  • Hans Beschorner: The Hoflößnitz near Dresden (= historical hiking trips . Volume 10). Dresden 1931.
  • Georg Dehio : Oberlössnitz. Hofloessnitz. In: Handbook of German Art Monuments . Volume 1: Central Germany. Wasmuth, Berlin 1905, p. 236 ( digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de ).
  • Barbara Bechter, Wiebke Fastenrath u. a. (Ed.): Handbook of German Art Monuments , Saxony I, Dresden District . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-422-03043-3 , p. 733-735 .
  • Matthias Donath, Jörg Blobelt (photos): Saxon wine country. Historic wineries and vineyard houses in the Elbe Valley . 1st edition. Redaktions- und Verlagsgesellschaft Elbland, Dresden 2010, ISBN 978-3-941595-09-5 .
  • Cornelius Gurlitt : Oberlössnitz; Hoflössnitz. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 26. Booklet: The art monuments of Dresden's surroundings, Part 2: Amtshauptmannschaft Dresden-Neustadt . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1904, pp. 136-149.
  • Volker Helas (arrangement): City of Radebeul . Ed .: State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony, Large District Town Radebeul (=  Monument Topography Federal Republic of Germany . Monuments in Saxony ). SAX-Verlag, Beucha 2007, ISBN 978-3-86729-004-3 .
  • Karl Julius Hofmann: The Meissen Netherlands in its natural beauties and peculiarities or Saxon Italy in the Meissen and Dresden areas with their localities. A folk book for nature and patriot friends presented topographically, historically and poetically . Louis Mosche, Meißen 1853, pp. 721–724. ( books.google.de ).
  • Moritz Eduard Lilie : Chronicle of the Loessnitz localities Kötzschenbroda, Niederlößnitz, Radebeul, Oberlößnitz with Hoflößnitz, Serkowitz, Naundorf, Zitzschewig and Lindenau with special consideration of Coswig and the other neighboring towns. Niederlößnitz 1893 ( digitized version ).
  • Heinrich Magirius ; Volkmar Billeb: The Hoflößnitz (= large architectural monuments . Issue 506), 1st edition, Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1996.
  • Heinrich Magirius (Ed.): 600 years Hoflößnitz. Historical winery complex . Sandstein Verlag, Dresden 2001, ISBN 3-930382-60-1 .
  • Liselotte Closer (Erarb.): Radebeul - City guide through the past and present . 1st supplemented edition. Edition Reintzsch, Radebeul 2008, ISBN 978-3-930846-05-4 .
  • Hofloessnitz . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 4th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1817, p. 128.

Web links

Commons : Hoflößnitz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Large district town of Radebeul (ed.): Directory of the cultural monuments of the town of Radebeul . Radebeul May 24, 2012, p. 21st f . (Last list of monuments published by the city of Radebeul. The Lower Monument Protection Authority, which has been located in the Meißen district since 2012, has not yet published a list of monuments for Radebeul.).
  2. ↑ a b Volker Helas (arrangement): City of Radebeul . Ed .: State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony, Large District Town Radebeul (=  Monument Topography Federal Republic of Germany . Monuments in Saxony ). SAX-Verlag, Beucha 2007, ISBN 978-3-86729-004-3 , p. 173–176 with the enclosed map .
  3. ^ Matthias Oeder: The first land survey of the Electorate of Saxony on the orders of Elector Christian I carried out by Matthias Oeder (1586–1607). For the 800th anniversary of the reign of the House of Wettin. Plate 9. Stengel & Markert, Dresden 1889. ( online version ).
  4. ↑ Christian Gerber: The unrecognized benefits of GOD in the Electorate of Saxony and the same most distinguished cities. 1717.
  5. ↑ Hoflößnitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony , accessed on December 30, 2012.
  6. ^ Johann Georg Theodor Grasse: The treasure trove of the Kingdom of Saxony. Volume 1, Dresden 1874, pp. 76-77. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
  7. ↑ Hoflößnitz . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 4th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1817, p. 128., accessed December 30, 2012
  8. ↑ Oberlößnitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony , accessed on December 30, 2012.
  9. ↑ a b Radebeul city administration: Stadtkammerei: Participation report of the major district town Radebeul: Business year 2011. (PDF; 2.8 MB) Status: December 2012, accessed on February 5, 2013, pp. 83-88.
  10. ↑ a b c Radebeul city administration: Stadtkämmerei: Participation report of the major district town Radebeul: Business year 2011. (PDF; 2.8 MB) Status: December 2012, accessed on February 5, 2013, pp. 60–68.
  11. ^ Hans Beschorner: The Hoflößnitz near Dresden. In: Dresden history sheets . 13, 1904, pp. 9-226, pp. 239-247, here: pp. 209 f.
  12. ↑ "The shock is an invoice coin and amounted to 60 old silver groschen or Wilhelminer, which were minted on the mark under Elector Friedrich II of Saxony and Duke Wilhelm in Meißen from 1408 to 1482 to 160 pieces." In: HA Mascher: The property tax Regulation in Prussia based on the laws of May 21, 1861. Döring, 1862. Online version
  13. ^ A b Mike Huth: The historical sources for the Hoflößnitz winery. In: Heinrich Magirius (Ed.): 600 years Hoflößnitz. Historical winery complex . Sandstein Verlag, Dresden 2001, ISBN 3-930382-60-1 , p. 17-19 .
  14. ^ Heinrich Magirius (ed.): 600 years Hoflößnitz. Historical winery complex . Sandstein Verlag, Dresden 2001, ISBN 3-930382-60-1 , p. 17th f .
  15. ↑ Sibylle Zehle: "No vines where beets grow". In: zeit.de of October 31, 1980, accessed on October 16, 2016.
  16. ^ Ingrid Zeidler: The development of viticulture in the area of ​​today's town of Radebeul in the 19th century. Polydruck, Radebeul 1985, p. 44.
  17. ↑ Viticulture. In: Frank Andert (Red.): Stadtlexikon Radebeul . Historical manual for the Loessnitz . Published by the Radebeul City Archives. 2nd, slightly changed edition. City archive, Radebeul 2006, ISBN 3-938460-05-9 , p. 214-216 .
  18. ↑ According to a map of the Radebeul city archive with additional information from Hans August Nienborg from 1710. In: Ingrid Zeidler: The development of viticulture in the area of ​​today's town of Radebeul in the 19th century. Polydruck, Radebeul 1985, p. 52.
  19. ↑ water supply. In: Frank Andert (Red.): Stadtlexikon Radebeul . Historical manual for the Loessnitz . Published by the Radebeul City Archives. 2nd, slightly changed edition. City archive, Radebeul 2006, ISBN 3-938460-05-9 , p. 213 .
  20. ^ House Hoflößnitz. In: Gert Morzinek: Historical forays with Gert Morzinek . The collected works from 5 years “StadtSpiegel”. premium Verlag, Großenhain 2007, p. 87-89 .
  21. ^ A b Historic Hoflößnitz winery. In: Liselotte Closer (Erarb.): Radebeul - City guide through past and present . 1st supplemented edition. Edition Reintzsch, Radebeul 2008, ISBN 978-3-930846-05-4 , pp. 53-58 .
  22. ↑ Barbara Bechter, Wiebke Fastenrath u. a. (Ed.): Handbook of German Art Monuments , Saxony I, Dresden District . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-422-03043-3 , p. 734 .
  23. ↑ Up to 250 years old: Saxony has real "Wine Methusalems" ( memento from October 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on February 19, 2013.
  24. ^ Location of the Goldener Wagen in Radebeul , accessed on February 19, 2013.
  25. ↑ Recording of vine genetic resources in Germany - a problem? Retrieved February 19, 2013.
  26. ^ Royal Saxon State Railway Direction to Dresden; Timeline: Establishments - Designations - Dissolutions , accessed on June 20, 2012.
  27. ^ Karl Julius Hofmann: The Meissen Netherlands in its natural beauties and peculiarities or Saxon Italy in the Meissen and Dresden areas with their localities. A folk book for nature and patriot friends presented topographically, historically and poetically. Louis Mosche, Meißen 1853, p. 713 f. ( Online version )
  28. ↑ Retzsch'scher Frieze, accessed on February 5, 2013.
  29. ^ Sächsischer Winzerzug, accessed on February 5, 2013.
  30. ↑ Excerpt from file 4116 - Radebeul StArchiv: Replacement process via interest fertilizer to the Hoflößnitz 1846-1851. In: Ingrid Zeidler: The development of viticulture in the area of ​​today's town of Radebeul in the 19th century. Polydruck, Radebeul 1985, p. 49 f.
  31. ↑ Excerpt from file 4115 - Radebeul city archive: Replacement process on the vintage days in Hoflößnitz in 1846. In: Ingrid Zeidler: The development of viticulture in the area of ​​today's city of Radebeul in the 19th century. Polydruck, Radebeul 1985, p. 51.
  32. ^ Karl Julius Hofmann: The Meissen Netherlands in its natural beauties and peculiarities or Saxon Italy in the Meissen and Dresden areas with their localities. A folk book for nature and patriot friends presented topographically, historically and poetically . Louis Mosche, Meißen 1853, pp. 721–724. ( books.google.de ).
  33. ↑ a b c Hoflößnitz Association. In: Frank Andert (Red.): Stadtlexikon Radebeul . Historical manual for the Loessnitz . Published by the Radebeul City Archives. 2nd, slightly changed edition. City archive, Radebeul 2006, ISBN 3-938460-05-9 , p. 86 f .
  34. ↑ a b Volker Helas: The Hoflößnitzverein, Emil Högg and his restoration of the Hoflößnitzweingut and further modifications until 1945. In: Heinrich Magirius (Ed.): 600 years Hoflößnitz. Historical winery complex . Sandstein Verlag, Dresden 2001, ISBN 3-930382-60-1 , p. 168-173 .
  35. ↑ a b City of Radebeul: History of Saxon Viticulture , accessed on January 6, 2013.
  36. ↑ From margravial »weyngarten« to organic wine producer , accessed on December 30, 2012.
  37. ^ Location database NVA and GSSD: structure and deployment
  38. ↑ Stadtweingut Radebeul. In: Frank Andert (Red.): Stadtlexikon Radebeul . Historical manual for the Loessnitz . Published by the Radebeul City Archives. 2nd, slightly changed edition. City archive, Radebeul 2006, ISBN 3-938460-05-9 , p. 191 .
  39. ^ Heinrich Magirius (ed.): 600 years Hoflößnitz. Historical winery complex . Sandstein Verlag, Dresden 2001, ISBN 3-930382-60-1 , p. 174 .
  40. ↑ a b Weingut Vincenz Richter: Volkseigenes Gut (Z) Weinbau Radebeul , accessed on January 6, 2013.
  41. ^ People's winery. In: Frank Andert (Red.): Stadtlexikon Radebeul . Historical manual for the Loessnitz . Published by the Radebeul City Archives. 2nd, slightly changed edition. City archive, Radebeul 2006, ISBN 3-938460-05-9 , p. 205 .
  42. ↑ a b viticulture. In: Lössnitz and Moritzburg pond landscape. Values ​​of our homeland , Volume 22, 1973, pp. 166/167.
  43. ↑ Diesbar-Seußlitz: Excerpt from the commemorative publication 800 Years Diesbar-Seusslitz , accessed on April 17, 2019.
  44. ^ Dietrich Lohse; Frank Andert: No “bright spotlight”. To the new special exhibition of the Hoflößnitz. In: Preview & Review; Monthly magazine for Radebeul and the surrounding area. Radebeuler monthly books e. V., September 2010, accessed December 23, 2012 .
  45. ↑ Trapped in the vineyard. Exhibition about forced laborers in Saxon wineries. In: Jüdische Allgemeine, August 12, 2010, accessed December 30, 2012.
  46. ↑ Radebeuler Official Gazette 09/2015.
  47. ↑ HofLößnitz winery. Review at Wein-Plus, accessed on January 1, 2013.
  48. ↑ Hoflößnitz & Schloss Wackerbarth awarded. ( Memento of August 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Retrieved February 17, 2013.
  49. ↑ The 40 highlights of wine culture. ( Memento of July 26, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Retrieved February 17, 2013.
  50. ↑ The Hoflößnitz - the only certified organic winery in Saxony , accessed on December 30, 2012.
  51. ↑ Hoflössnitz winery. Review in Gault-Millau , accessed on December 30, 2012.
  52. ↑ Exhibition: Hoflößnitz wants to commemorate Emil Högg: the architect renovated the manor's castle a hundred years ago. ( Memento of the original from August 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Online offer of the Dresdner Latest News from February 15, 2013, accessed on February 16, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dnn-online.de
  53. ↑ Bertram Kazmirowski: Built to convince. For the opening of the Hoflößnitz press house on May 28th, 2016. In: Preview & Review; Monthly magazine for Radebeul and the surrounding area. Radebeuler monthly books e. V., July 2016, accessed July 2, 2016 .
  54. ↑ Historical background: The “Historical Color Slide Archive for Wall and Ceiling Painting” 1943–1945. ( Memento of February 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Retrieved December 30, 2012.

Coordinates: 51 ° 6 ′ 42 "  N , 13 ° 39 ′ 43"  E

This article was added to the list of excellent articles on March 2, 2013 in this version .