19th century BC Chr.

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The 19th century BC Chr. Began v on January 1, 1900. And ended on December 31, 1801 BC. Chr. This corresponds to the period 3850 to 3751 before today , or the interval from 3546 to 3462 radiocarbon years .

Phaistos , Minoan settlement on the island of Crete.

Age / Epoch

  • Subboreal (3710-450 BC).
  • Early Bronze Age in Central Europe (from 2300/2200 BC to 1600 BC) - Bz A1b (2000 to 1850 BC) and Bz A2a (1850 to 1750 BC). Real bronze is now being used in weapons and equipment.
  • Middle Bronze Age in Greece, Cyprus and the Near East / Middle East.

Events / developments

Phoenician statuettes from Byblos, 19th to 18th centuries BC Chr.
Stele of Sesostris II.
Head of a Sphinx Sesostris III.
  • 1836 BC BC (also 1882/1878 BC):
  • 1823 BC BC (also 1847 BC):
    • Sesostris III. inspects the southern Nubian border and leads four campaigns against the Nubians .
  • 1818 BC BC (also 1842 BC):
    • Death of Sesostris III, under which the Egyptian empire had reached its maximum extent. He is followed by his son Amenemhet III. as the sixth pharaoh of the 12th dynasty. It divides Egypt into four administrative districts.
  • 1812 BC Chr .:
  • Around 1802 BC Chr .:

Natural events and disasters

  • 1900 BC Chr .:
  • 1890 BC Chr .:
    • In the Aegean Sea 35 kilometers northeast of Heraklion , a severe earthquake occurs, which leads to fires in Knossos . The number of victims is unknown.
  • 1831 BC Chr .:
    • In Shandong in China , a strong earthquake with an unknown number of casualties occurred. It is the first historically documented earthquake.

Inventions and discoveries

Buildings

Remains of the Hawara pyramid of Amenemhet III.

Works of art

Pectoral of Sesostris II.
  • 19th century BC Chr .:
    • With the statues of Sesostris III., Amenemhet III., The dice player and the royal sphinxes, a new realistic style of sculpture is emerging in Egypt.
    • Unique find of the gold chalice from Quetta in the area of ​​the Indus culture ( Baluchistan ). Comparable vases date from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. Chr. From Bactria .
    • The bronze sword from Torupgårde on Lolland in Denmark was imported from Hungary .
  • 1842 to 1836 BC Chr .:
    • Pectoral of Sesostris II from the tomb of Princess Sithathoriunet in El-Lahun.
Portrait of Sesostris III.
  • 1836 to 1818 BC Chr .:
    • The expressive portrait of Sesostris III. arises. It shows the ruler with melancholy features.

Writings / literature

  • 19th century BC Chr .:
    • In Egyptian literature, the works arise:
    • In Upper Egypt, the Wadi-el-Hol script, the oldest known letter script in the world, is believed to be used by Semitic workers or mercenaries.
    • On Crete is with hieroglyphic writing. Hieroglyphs are also used in Byblos .
    • The Moscow papyrus is being written down.
    • The existence of Jerusalem in Canaan is mentioned for the first time in Egyptian texts of condemnation .
    • Akkadian prevails in the literature of Mesopotamia . The Sumerian v from the beginning of the second millennium. A dead language that only survives in scholarly circles. The Mesopotamian scribes come from the wealthy strata of society at the time because of their lengthy training in learning to read cuneiform . You are also an accountant and accounting officer and draw up contracts and historical documents. The Mesopotamian traditions and knowledge are passed on through their specialized profession.
    • The Sumerian King List is recorded. Its purpose was to justify Isin's claims to supremacy in Sumer . Despite its tendency towards bias, it provides fairly precise rulers' genealogies as far back as the Flood .
  • 19th to 17th century BC Chr .:

Personalities

Note: The years of government cannot be precisely determined in this century. Therefore, these are approximate estimates.

Upper part of a knee figure of Sesostris I.
Sphinx of Amenemhet II.

Pharaohs of Egypt

Kings of Assyria

3rd dynasty:

4th dynasty:

Kings of Babylonia

King of Byblos

Kings of Elam

Simashki dynasty:

Sukkalmah dynasty:

Kings of Ešnunna

Kings of Isin

1st dynasty:

Kings of Larsa

1st dynasty:

Kings of Uruk

6th dynasty:

Others

  • According to the Jewish calendar , the patriarch Terach , the father of Abraham, lived from 1882 to 1677 BC. Chr.
  • According to biblical tradition, the lifetime of Abraham and Isaac . According to the Jewish calendar, Abraham was supposed to be in 1812 BC. Born in 1948 years after the world was created.
  • According to the Tibetan Bon tradition, 1856 BC The Dzogchen master Shenrab was born Wednesday .

Archaeological cultures

Cultures in North Africa

Cultures in Africa

Foundation plaque of the Nanaia temple, built by Kudur-Mabuk and Rim-Sin I of Larsa, 1820 BC Chr.

Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East

Casting vessel in animal form from Kaniš ( Kültepe , Turkey), 19th century BC. Chr.

Cultures in East Asia

Cultures in South Asia

Cultures in Central Asia

Cultures in Europe

Middle Cycladic jug from Milos , around 1800 BC Chr.
Red polished pottery from Enkomi , Eastern Cyprus, 1900 to 1725 BC. Chr.
Bronze dagger of the Culture du Rhône, Lausanne, approx. 1800 BC Chr.
Spellenstein , a menhir near Rentrisch in Saarland, approx. 1800 BC Chr.

Cultures in america

Web links

Commons : 19th century BC Chr.  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Jörg Klinger: The Hittites. CH Beck, 2007, ISBN 3-406-53625-5 , p. 34
  2. Erika Zwierlein-Diehl : Antique gems and their afterlife. Walter de Gruyter, 2007, ISBN 3-11-019450-3 , p. 315
  3. Donna Dailey and Mike Gerrard: Crete. Mair Dumont Spirallo, 2008, ISBN 3-8297-3229-5 , p. 51
  4. Klaas Veenhof : History of the Ancient Orient up to the time of Alexander the Great. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2001, ISBN 3-525-51685-1 , p. 120