Chalais (Dordogne)
| Chalais | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Dordogne | |
| Arrondissement | Nontron | |
| Canton | Thiviers | |
| Community association | Périgord-Limousin | |
| Coordinates | 45 ° 31 ' N , 0 ° 56' E | |
| height | 220-313 m | |
| surface | 18.81 km 2 | |
| Residents | 404 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 21 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 24450 | |
| INSEE code | 24095 | |
_%C3%A9glise.JPG) Saint-Aignan church |
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Chalais , in Occitan Chalès , is a French commune with 404 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the northeast of the Dordogne department , Aquitaine region . It is an integral part of the Périgord-Limousin Regional Nature Park .
etymology
The name Chalais goes back to the pre-Celtic root kal- meaning stone , rock , followed by the ending -ensem .
geography
Chalais is 17 kilometers south-southwest of Châlus ( Haute-Vienne ) and 10 kilometers north of Thiviers (as the crow flies). The municipality is surrounded by the following neighboring municipalities: La Coquille in the north, Saint-Paul-la-Roche in the east, Saint-Jory-de-Chalais in the south, south-west and west and Mialet in the north-west.
In addition to the town center, the community consists of the following hamlets, farmsteads, a mill and a castle: Boucherie , Château de Mavaleix , Chirolle , L'Age , La Croix de Marafret , La Fond des Anes , La Fonderie , La Gilardie , La Guillaumas , La Pouyade , La Rame , Las Pradeaux , Laubanie , Lavaud , Le Bois de Filleuls , Le Mas , Le Moulin de Lascombas , Le Noir , Le Petit Mas , Le Puy , Le Touroulet , Les Champs , Les Rivaux , Maison-Rouge , Marafret , Mavaleix , Puy de Bost , Puyrigaud , Réchignac , Sausse and Vergnelibert .
The eastern border of the commune of Chalais and Saint-Paul-la-Roche is formed by the Valouse, which drains to the south . The Touroulet , which emerged near the town center from the confluence of the Ruisseau de la Pouyade on the left and the Ruisseau de Jalinie on the right, also flows in a southerly direction and whose course then marks the western border of the municipality to Saint-Jory-de Chalais. Between Valouse and Touroulet, a little stream rises to the south-east of the town center, the Ruisseau le Maroussie ; it moves to the southwest and then flows into the Touroulet as a left branch in the municipality of Saint-Jory-de-Chalais.
The topographically highest point of the municipality with 313 meters above sea level is on the northern border at Le Bois de Filleuls , the lowest point with 220 meters is on the southern border, southeast of L'Age on the Valouse.
geology
The municipality of Chalais lies entirely on the metamorphic basement of the north-western Massif Central . The rocks - mainly paragneiss , mica-schistige paragneiss, orthogneiss and leptynitic orthogneiss - belong to the lower gneiss cover of the Massif Central. The starting rocks of the paragneiss were neoproterozoic greywacke , the mica-schisty paragneiss came from clay-rich greywacke, the orthogneiss is likely to be Leukogranite from the Cambrian , the leptynitic components speak for rocks with a granitic or rhyolite composition.
The foliation of the metamorphic rocks either strikes northeast-southwest with a shallow dip to the southeast or lies flat. The rocks were in Devon acquired from a medium- to high-grade regional metamorphism that everywhere Staurolithzone , in places but also the kyanite -Staurolithzone (in the southeast at L'Age ) or even the Disthenzone reached (north of the town center).
Immediately to the west of the town center there is an NNE-SSW trending fault , where the basement rocks were brecciated or cataclastically deformed; a massive quartz body was also brought in.
Tertiary shell sediments are very widespread, they usually cover high altitudes between the river valleys. At the bottom lies the relocated colluvium , which at Mavaleix is still covered by a very extensive layer of alluvial river gravel from the Pliocene or Pleistocene .
history
In the Middle Ages Chalais was a stopover on the Via Lemovicensis of the Camino de Santiago . The church of Saint-Agnan (also Saint-Aignan) is of Romanesque origin, but was structurally modified in the 15th and 16th century . The Château de Mavaleix dates from the 13th century . The associated forge was built in the 16th century. On the Carte de Cassini , the place is called Chalaix in the 18th century . Until 2009 the community was called Chaleix .
Population development
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2007 | 2016 |
| Residents | 562 | 513 | 456 | 385 | 425 | 435 | 443 | 398 |
| Sources: Cassini and INSEE | ||||||||
Attractions
.JPG)
- Romanesque church of Saint-Agnan
- Château de Mavaleix from the 13th century, protected as a monument historique since 1947
- Mavaleix forge from the 16th century, protected as a Monument historique since 1972
Transport links
The main traffic axis N 21 from Châlus to Thiviers crosses the eastern part of the municipality of Chalais in a south-south-west direction. The Limoges - Thiviers - Périgueux railway runs parallel to this, with a stop at Mavaleix . The town center is connected to the N 21 via the D 98; the D 98 then continues east towards Jumilhac-le-Grand . La Coquille, Mialet and Saint-Jory-de-Chalais can be reached from the town center via municipal roads.
literature
- Guillot, P.-L. et al .: Feuille Thiviers . In: Carte géologique de la France à 1/50000 . BRGM.
