Thiviers
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Thiviers Tivier |
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Dordogne | |
| Arrondissement | Nontron | |
| Canton | Thiviers (main town) | |
| Community association | Périgord-Limousin | |
| Coordinates | 45 ° 25 ' N , 0 ° 55' E | |
| height | 147-303 m | |
| surface | 27.77 km 2 | |
| Residents | 2,877 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 104 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 24800 | |
| INSEE code | 24551 | |
,_%C3%A9glise.JPG) Thiviers with Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption church |
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Thiviers ( Occitan Tivier ) is a French commune with 2877 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the north of the Dordogne department . The city is the main town ( chef-lieu ) of the canton of the same name . Thiviers is one of the five access cities to the Périgord-Limousin Regional Natural Park .
etymology
The origin of the name Thiviers is not certain. The Gallo-Roman or Celtic hypothesis derives the city name from Tigernack, Tivernack, Tigern or Tivern, all of which mean "House of Leaders" (Ti = house).
There are also several possible explanations from Latin , such as trivio (intersection of three streets) or Emperor Tiberius , who allegedly had a settlement called Tiberii or Tiberium built here on the Roman road from Périgueux (Vesunna) to Limoges (Augustoritum).
Clovis I changed the name to Tiverius , from which Tiveris, Tiberio, Tyberio and finally Thiviers emerged.
geography
Thiviers is located in the Périgord Vert in the northeast of the Dordogne department, about 30 kilometers northeast of Périgueux and 55 kilometers southwest of Limoges. The settlement area occupies a strategic position on a north-northeast-south-southwest ridge, about 270 meters above sea level. Compared to the rivers of the Côle in the west and the Isle in the east, the city is about 100 meters higher. To the south the ridge drops slowly towards Négrondes , to the north it rises only imperceptibly. In the northwest, the municipality is bounded by the courses of the Côle and its tributary, the Touroulet . To the east there is a steeper drop to a small right tributary of the Isle. The Route nationale 21, the former Route Napoléon , runs through Thiviers from Limoges to Périgueux as a north-south axis. The SNCF Limoges - Périgueux railway line with a stop in Thiviers runs parallel to this . In Thiviers, several departmental roads also meet, such as the D 76 from Excideuil , the D 77 from Mialet and Saint-Jory-de-Chalais and the D 81 from Sarrazac . As an east-west connection, the D 707 runs from Lanouaille via Thiviers to Saint-Jean-de-Côle , Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivière and Nontron . A railway line once also ran via Nontron to Angoulême , but this branch line was discontinued in 1946 for passenger traffic and in 1970 for goods traffic.
geology
Geologically, Thiviers belongs to two very different terrans : the Variscan basement of the western Massif Central on the one hand and the Aquitaine Basin on the other. The metamorphic basement consists of the Grès de Thiviers - former volcanic rocks of rhyodacite composition. The sedimentary rocks of the Aquitaine Basin transgressed at Thiviers im Lias over the basement, which had already been eroded and leveled. The hettangium is of fluvial origin at its base: conglomerates , coarse sandstones and sandstones. The upper section already consists of marine dolomitic marls and closes with oolite limestone (possible Sinemurium ). The Pliensbachium is made up of coarse littoral sandstones and dolomitic sandstones. The Toarcium, with its clay stones and gray marls, used to be of great importance for brickworks. The final Aalenium takes on a dolomitic character again.
history
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An early historical evidence is the Dolmen of Pierrefiche .
Thiviers is documented for the first time in the 11th century. The city has been granted the right to mint since the beginning of French royalty. In the 12th century, Thiviers was one of the 32 cities in the Périgord that had city walls. Due to its location on the Way of St. James , the city had developed into a fortress, which included the three castles around the church, Les Pelisses , Vaucocourt and Banceil, in its defensive structures. The city wall, surrounded by deep trenches, had three entrance gates: the Pèze gate in the north, the Thou gate in the south and the Tour gate in the west. There were also some hidden underground entrances. The former course of the city walls is now traced by the streets Recollets , Jules Sarlandie and André Gay . Inside the city there was also a prison, a parade ground, a convent and a small hospice. Around the Thiviers fortress area, further castle complexes such as B. Filolie , Limagnes and Planeau .
The city has been conquered and looted several times in the course of its history. Under Richard the Lionheart , it passed into English hands at the end of the 12th century, only to become French again shortly afterwards. The English king Johann Ohneland then conquered Thiviers again in 1211, but the city went back to Guy V, the vice-count of Limoges , in 1212 . 1374-1376 Thiviers fell again to the English, which, however, under Charles VI. were finally evicted.
In the 14th century Thiviers was the seat of a royal professor (governor). During the Huguenot Wars , the Catholic Thiviers was besieged and conquered by the Calvinists under Vice-Count Henri von Turenne in 1575 . The city walls were torn down, the church destroyed and the defenders massacred.
In the second half of the 18th century Thiviers received his first post office and his first porcelain factory. The French Revolution passed Thiviers by without executions, but the city archives were set on fire and the Pélisses castle razed.
Thiviers was electrified relatively late, namely in 1923.
economy
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After the decline of the faience industry , the economic sector in Thiviers has shifted to the processing and marketing of the agricultural products from the area, in particular the production of foie gras has a prominent position.
Worth seeing
- Romanesque church Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption from the 12th century with beautiful capitals . After its destruction in 1575, the church was rebuilt in major changes in the 16th and 19th centuries.
- 19th century church in the hamlet of Pierrefiche. Replaced a former chapel from 1601.
- Château de Banceil , castle from the 16th and 17th centuries.
- Château de Razac , 16th century castle.
Population development
| 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2017 |
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| 3609 | 3838 | 4154 | 3915 | 3590 | 3261 | 3163 | 2877 |
Thiviers peaked in its population in 1975, and has been declining since then.
Personalities
- Georges Rol (1926–2017), Roman Catholic clergyman and Bishop of Angoulême
