La Rochebeaucourt-et-Argentine
| La Rochebeaucourt-et-Argentine | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Dordogne | |
| Arrondissement | Nontron | |
| Canton | Brantôme | |
| Community association | Dronne et Belle | |
| Coordinates | 45 ° 29 ′ N , 0 ° 23 ′ E | |
| height | 85-183 m | |
| surface | 17.31 km 2 | |
| Residents | 322 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 19 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 24340 | |
| INSEE code | 24353 | |
 Saint-Théodore church in La Rochebeaucourt |
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The French municipality La Rochebeaucourt-et-Argentine , Occitan La Rocha Beucort e Argentina , located in the northwest of the department Dordogne in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine . It has 322 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) and belongs to the Brantôme . Your municipality is also an integral part of the Périgord-Limousin Regional Natural Park .
etymology
La Rochebeaucourt is derived from the North Occitan Ròcha ( fortified castle ) and the estate or courtyard (cort, cour) of the Bodo (Beu, Beau). The district Argentine emerges from Occitan Argentina with the meaning of silver mine . Rochebeaucourt derives a far more down-to-earth hypothesis from the Latin rupes boves curtis , ie the rock on which the bull is castrated (mentioned in a church register from the 13th century).
geography
The municipality of La Rochebeaucourt-et-Argentine is located in the Périgord , 25 kilometers southeast of Angoulême and 25 kilometers northwest of Brantôme (as the crow flies). It is surrounded by the following neighboring communities:
- Combiers ( Charente department ) in the north
- Sainte-Croix-de-Mareuil to the east
- Gout-Rossignol in the south
- Champagne-et-Fontaine in the south-west
- Édon (Département Charente) to the west and northwest.
The municipality is border municipality to the Charente department.
In addition to the center of La Rochebeaucourt, the municipality consists of the following hamlets, farms, castles and a mill:
Argentine , Baix , Beauchaud , Beauvais , Bonneuil , Boudoire , Bourdeillas , Chez Favier , Chez Lambaud , Fitout , Fontaine de Boudoire , La Bouquerie , La Forêt , Lagland , Lasteyrie (Castle), Le Chatenet , Le Coderc , Le Cros , Le Moulin de Ménieux , Les Brousses , Les Fieux (castle), Les Grandes Métairies , Les Grandes Terres , Les Martres , Lutardias , Manoulie , Ménichoux , Nadaillac , Petit Noble , Seguignas and Trambouille .
The municipality of La Rochebeaucourt-et-Argentine is surrounded to the north and west by the Nizonne , which drains to the southwest towards the Dronne . The center of La Rochebeaucourt lies directly on the river. A dry valley emerging near the hamlet of Le Coderc moves northwest and flows into the Nizonne on the left just before Les Fieux . Between La Rochebeaucourt and Argentine runs another dry valley that only carries water for a time; it also follows the north-west direction and flows south of the center on the left into the Nizonne.
The topographically lowest point at 85 meters above sea level is located in the far west near Nadaillac on the Nizonne, which leaves the municipal area here. The highest point reaches 183 meters on the southern border to Gout-Rossignol (south of the hamlet of Le Coderc ). The maximum height difference is 98 meters.
geology
The municipality of La Rochebeaucourt-et-Argentine lies in its entirety on the flat sediments of the northern Aquitaine basin . The oldest open formation is the Ligérien . Its bulbous to platy chalk limestone surrounds the dry valley south of the town center. This is followed by the Angoumien, consisting of rudist limestone , with the Angoulême formation that forms walls in places and the Oberturon . The Angoumien underlies and frames the southern dry valley and continues north and northwest to the town center. The hard fossil limestone of the Coniacium is laid over it . They build up the subsoil for almost the entire south-western municipality; They are also open at Beauchaud in the northeast, but are suddenly cut off here by the Mareuil fault , which strikes northwest . North-east of this fault is then available Santonian to, mainly marly limestones rich in oysters , glauconite -führende silts and sands of the Middle and Upper Anton. The gray-green, glauconite-containing plate limestone of the Lower Canton also occurs in places.
At the northeast corner, the upper chalk layers are covered by Pleistocene colluvium , which emerged from the sands of the Santons. The two dry valleys are filled with debris from the Würmzeit period . The Nizonnetal is lined by Holocene deposits, which are mainly of fluvial origin, but can also contain components of the slopes.
The municipality of La Rochebeaucourt-et-Argentine is at the northwest end of the northwest-southeast-trending Mareuil anticline . Compared to its surroundings, it occupies a tectonically determined high altitude. The Mareuil fault has pushed the southwest section up to almost 70 meters, for example at Beauchaud Middle Cantonium in the northeast meets Upper Angoumia in the southwest. Two other disorders are associated with the anticline ; they strike almost north-northwest and cross the Nizonnetal at Les Fieux .
The Lower Angoumien ( Angoulême Formation ) was once intensively dismantled as a building block. Many quarries are concentrated in the southern dry valley near Argentine . The quite soft building blocks were sawed out of the wall here. The remaining, sometimes huge openings in the rock are now often used to grow mushrooms .
ecology
The lime plateau of Argentine is under nature protection because of its endemic, lime-loving dry flora . It is built up from flat limestone from Angoumien. The variety of orchids is remarkable .
history
The presence of humans in the municipality of La Rochebeaucourt-et-Argentine goes back at least to the megalithic period , for example there is a dolmen at Baix . In the center of La Rochebeaucourt once stood a Gallic fortress, protected by a ring-shaped wall. Nothing of it has survived now, but the former course of the wall is marked by the Rue des Fossés . The Maison du Chapitre was later built on the site of a former gate . Between the 7th century and the 11th century there was an underground troglodytic refuge in Argentina , which had been expanded into a true necropolis (with sarcophagi). La Rochebeaucourt belonged to the barons of Villebois in the early Middle Ages . In the 9th century they built a large, square defense tower on the right side of the Nizonnesus (municipality of Édon), which monitored the road from Angoulême to Périgueux . In the 11th century, Ytiers de Villebois donated the site to the monks of Cluny to build their first local church. In 1121 the collegiate chapter Saint-Théodore was built in the same place in the Gothic style. Around the same time, the Romanesque-Gothic church of Saint-Martin was built in Argentine . It was on the Way of St. James and was led by the Cluniascense monks who had moved there. In 1154 Pope Anastasius IV stayed in the chapter house to settle a dispute over the pilgrimage income between the canons and the Cluniascense monks. After a week Anastasius had to leave the house (he was thrown out by the Chapter Lords!) And moved on to Mareuil . After the Battle of Bouvines in 1214, the Villebois settled in La Rochebeaucourt because Philip August had removed them from their ancestral home and awarded it to Hugo von Mareuil. In the 13th century they then built a fortress ( Château de la Rochebeaucourt ) opposite the defense tower , which was temporarily captured by the English in 1349 during the Hundred Years War . The English were expelled in 1372. At the beginning of the 15th century, however, the fortress was demolished by order of the king, as its owner had meanwhile made a pact with the English. The Villebois line was extinct in 1391 and was then inherited by the La Roche's from Soubran ( Charente-Maritime ). 1436 changed La Rochebeaucourt briefly to the lords of Mareuil. Subsequently, it came to the possession of La Rochebeaucourt to long-lasting quarrels between the La Roche's and the lords of Mareuil, which dragged on into the 16th century. In the same century the old defense tower was demolished, it had to give way to terraces and an orangery , in which Karl IX. 1556 stayed.
In 1827 the two districts of La Rochebeaucourt and Argentine merged to form today's municipality.
Between 1853 and 1859, Louis Hector de Galard de Béarn had a new renaissance castle built in place of the old fortress and castle ruins . It burned down during the German occupation in February 1941. During the occupation, the community was still in Vichy-France - directly on the demarcation line that followed the course of the Nizonne.
Population development
| Population development in La Rochebeaucourt-et-Argentine | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | Residents |
|
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| 1962 | 479 | |||
| 1968 | 459 | |||
| 1975 | 408 | |||
| 1982 | 411 | |||
| 1990 | 424 | |||
| 1999 | 397 | |||
| 2008 | 398 | |||
| 2016 | 315 | |||
Source: INSEE
The population of the municipality of La Rochebeaucourt-et-Argentine is generally declining, with fluctuations.
Attractions
- The Saint-Théodore collegiate chapter of 1121
- The Romanesque-Gothic church of Saint-Martin in Argentine with a necropolis from the 7th to 11th centuries
Three castles (German castle, French château ):
- The Château de la Rochebeaucourt
- The Château des Fieux
- The Château de Lasteyrie
Transport links
La Rochebeaucourt is on the main road D 939 from Angoulême to Périgueux , which crosses the Nizonne here. The following streets also start from the town center:
- the D 87 north to Rougnac
- the D 12 in a southerly direction to Gout-Rossignol and on to Distriblac and Ribérac
- the D 5 west to Villebois-Lavalette.
Local roads lead from the town center to Sainte-Croix-de-Mareuil and Fontaine . From Argentine , a municipal road follows the left bank of the Nizonne and connects with Blanzaguet and Champagne . A strikingly straight route leaves La Rochebeaucourt to the southeast in the direction of Mareuil. This voie féodale was created in the Middle Ages; because of its straight lines, it is often incorrectly referred to as voie romaine (Roman road).
Between 1850 and 1950 the community also had its own train station on the right side of the Nizonnes in the municipality of Édon. The railway line enabled a connection via Rougnac to Angoulême and south via Ribérac to Périgueux.
There is a private airfield on the Argentine limestone plateau .
Long-distance hiking trail
The GR 36 long-distance hiking trail, coming from the south (Mareuil), runs through Argentine and La Rochebeaucourt and then continues via Villebois-Lavalette to Angoulême.
Individual evidence
literature
- Floc'h, J.-P. u. a .: Feuille Nontron . In: Carte géologique de la France at 1/50 000 . BRGM, Orléans.
